Halotolerant Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria Mediated Salinity Stress Amelioration in Plants

Shin, Wansik,Siddikee, Md. Ashaduzzaman,Joe, Manoharan Melvin,Benson, Abitha,Kim, Kiyoon,Selvakumar, Gopal,Kang, Yeongyeong,Jeon, Seonyoung,Samaddar, Sandipan,Chatterjee, Poulami,Walitang, Denver,Chan Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.4

Soil salinization refers to the buildup of salts in soil to a level toxic to plants. The major factors that contribute to soil salinity are the quality, the amount and the type of irrigation water used. The presented review discusses the different sources and causes of soil salinity. The effect of soil salinity on biological processes of plants is also discussed in detail. This is followed by a debate on the influence of salt on the nutrient uptake and growth of plants. Salinity decreases the soil osmotic potential and hinders water uptake by the plants. Soil salinity affects the plants K uptake, which plays a critical role in plant metabolism due to the high concentration of soluble sodium ($Na^+$) ions. Visual symptoms that appear in the plants as a result of salinity include stunted plant growth, marginal leaf necrosis and fruit distortions. Different strategies to ameliorate salt stress globally include breeding of salt tolerant cultivars, irrigation to leach excessive salt to improve soil physical and chemical properties. As part of an ecofriendly means to alleviate salt stress and an increasing considerable attention on this area, the review then focuses on the different plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) mediated mechanisms with a special emphasis on ACC deaminase producing bacteria. The various strategies adopted by PGPB to alleviate various stresses in plants include the production of different osmolytes, stress related phytohormones and production of molecules related to stress signaling such as bacterial 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) derivatives. The use of PGPB with ACC deaminase producing trait could be effective in promoting plant growth in agricultural areas affected by different stresses including salt stress. Finally, the review ends with a discussion on the various PGPB activities and the potentiality of facultative halophilic/halotolerant PGPB in alleviating salt stress.

Halotolerant Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria Mediated Salinity Stress Amelioration in Plants

Wansik Shin,Ashaduzzaman Siddikee,Manoharan Melvin Joe,Abitha Benson,Kiyoon Kim,Gopal Selvakumar,Yeongyeong Kang,Seonyoung Jeon,Sandipan Samaddar,Poulami Chatterjee,Denver Walitang,Mak Chanratana,Tong 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.4

Soil salinization refers to the buildup of salts in soil to a level toxic to plants. The major factors that contribute to soil salinity are the quality, the amount and the type of irrigation water used. The presented review discusses the different sources and causes of soil salinity. The effect of soil salinity on biological processes of plants is also discussed in detail. This is followed by a debate on the influence of salt on the nutrient uptake and growth of plants. Salinity decreases the soil osmotic potential and hinders water uptake by the plants. Soil salinity affects the plants K uptake, which plays a critical role in plant metabolism due to the high concentration of soluble sodium (Na<SUP>+</SUP>) ions. Visual symptoms that appear in the plants as a result of salinity include stunted plant growth, marginal leaf necrosis and fruit distortions. Different strategies to ameliorate salt stress globally include breeding of salt tolerant cultivars, irrigation to leach excessive salt to improve soil physical and chemical properties. As part of an ecofriendly means to alleviate salt stress and an increasing considerable attention on this area, the review then focuses on the different plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) mediated mechanisms with a special emphasis on ACC deaminase producing bacteria. The various strategies adopted by PGPB to alleviate various stresses in plants include the production of different osmolytes, stress related phytohormones and production of molecules related to stress signaling such as bacterial 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate(ACC) derivatives. The use of PGPB with ACC deaminase producing trait could be effective in promoting plant growth in agricultural areas affected by different stresses including salt stress. Finally, the review ends with a discussion on the various PGPB activities and the potentiality of facultative halophilic/halotolerant PGPB in alleviating salt stress.

Role of Diazotrophic Bacteria in Biological Nitrogen Fixation and Plant Growth Improvement

Wansik Shin,Rashedul Islam,Abitha Benson,Manoharan Melvin Joe,Kiyoon Kim,Selvakumar Gopal,Sandipan Samaddar,Somak Banerjee,Tongmin Sa 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.1

Though there is an abundant supply of nitrogen in the atmosphere, it cannot be used directly by the biological systems since it has to be combined with the element hydrogen before their incorporation. This process of nitrogen fixation (N₂-fixation) may be accomplished either chemically or biologically. Between the two elements, biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is a microbiological process that converts atmospheric di-nitrogen (N₂) into plant-usable form. In this review, the genetics and mechanism of nitrogen fixation including genes responsible for it, their types and role in BNF are discussed in detail. Nitrogen fixation in the different agricultural systems using different methods is discussed to understand the actual rather than the potential N₂-fixation procedure. The mechanism by which the diazotrophic bacteria improve plant growth apart from nitrogen fixation such as inhibition of plant ethylene synthesis, improvement of nutrient uptake, stress tolerance enhancement, solubilization of inorganic phosphate and mineralization of organic phosphate is also discussed. Role of diazotrophic bacteria in the enhancement of nitrogen fixation is also dealt with suitable examples. This mini review attempts to address the importance of diazotrophic bacteria in nitrogen fixation and plant growth improvement.

금속 산화물 가스 센서의 광 활성화 센싱 메커니즘

엄완식 ( Wansik Oum ),신가윤 ( Ka Yoon Shin ),유동재 ( Dong Jae Yu ),강석우 ( Sukwoo Kang ),김은비 ( Eun Bi Kim ),김현우 ( Hyoun Woo Kim ) 한국센서학회 2021 센서학회지 Vol.30 No.6

Light-activated metal oxide gas sensors have been investigated in recent decades. Light illumination enhances the sensing attributes, including the operational temperature, sensitivity, and selectivity. Unfortunately, high operating temperature is a major problem for gas sensors because of the huge energy consumption. Therefore, the importance of light-activated room-temperature sensing has increased. This paper reviews recent light-activated sensors and their sensing mechanisms with a specific focus on metal oxide gas sensors. Studies use the outstanding ZnO and SnO₂ sensors to research photoactivation when illuminated by various sources such as ultraviolet (UV), halogen lamp, or monochromatic light. Photon induction generates electron-hole pairs that increase the number of adsorption sites of gas molecules and ions improving the sensor’s sensing properties.

성폭력 2차 피해의 입법론적 쟁점

홍완식(Hong Wansik),한상미(Han Sangmi),신나라(Shin, Nara) 한국젠더법학회 2021 젠더법학 Vol.13 No.1

이 논문은 성폭력 2차 피해에 관한 연구다. 성희롱을 포함한 성폭력 2차 피해의 심각성은 2차 피해에 대한 두려움으로 성희롱·성폭력사건을 해결하고자 성희롱·성폭력을 공론화한 피해자를 무력하게 만든다는 것이며, 나아가서는 성희롱·성폭력을 신고하거나 공개하는 것조차 주저하게 만들 수 있다는 것이다. 2차 피해에 대한 두려움은 성폭력 범죄에 대한 신고율이 낮은 원인 중 하나이고, 이러한 2 차 피해는 성폭력 범죄가 감춰지는 사회적 역기능을 초래할 수 있다. 성희롱·성폭력 피해자들의 호소와 때로는 극단적 선택 그리고 사회적 논의와 제도마련 촉구 등으로 인하여, 2018년에 「여성폭력방지기본법」이 제정되면서 성희롱·성폭력 2차 피해의 개념 정의와 유형, 기업과 국가 등의 책무와 제재 등이 법률에 규정되기에 이르렀고, 여성가족부의 「여성폭력 2차 피해 방지지침 표준안」이 배포되어 국가기 관과 지방자치단체는 기관마다 「성희롱·성폭력 2차 피해 방지지침」을 만들기 시작하였다. 이렇게 성희롱·성폭력 2차 피해 방지에 관한 사항을 법률에 규정하고 국가와 지방자치단체에 지침을 만들도록 명문화하고 있지만, 아직도 지침을 마련하지 않은 국가기관과 지방자치단체도 있다. 2021년 7월 23일 현재 기준으로 법제 처 국가법령정보센터를 통해 살펴보면, 아직도 법제처, 행정안전부, 외교부, 국토 교통부, 중소벤처기업부, 인사혁신처, 식품의약품안전처 등은 성희롱·성폭력 방 지를 위한 지침 자체는 있지만, 아직 성희롱·성폭력 2차 피해 방지 지침의 제정이 나 개정이 이루어지지 않았다. 통일부와 고용노동부는 문제가 더욱 심각한데, 성희롱·성폭력 2차 피해 방지를 위한 지침은 물론이고 성희롱·성폭력 방지를 위한 지침 혹은 규정 자체를 찾아볼 수 없다. 그리고 성희롱·성폭력 2차 피해에 관한 법령의 규정이 조금씩 다르고, 성희롱·성폭력 2차 피해 방지지침을 마련한 경우에도 국가기관과 지방자치단체마다 지침의 내용은 상이한데, 이러한 상황에서 성희롱·성폭력 2차 피해가 얼마나 효과적으로 방지될지 의문이다. 서울시는 2021년 4월에 「서울특별시 성희롱·성폭력 예방 및 2차 피해 방지 규칙」을 제정하였지만, 2018년 5월 14일에 이미 「서울특별시 성희롱·성폭력 예방지침」의 개정으로 성폭력 2차 피해를 규정하고 있었지만, 이러한 예방지침이 제대로 작동하였느냐는 의문이 제기될 수 있다. 성희롱·성폭력 2차 피해를 예방하고 근절하기 위한 지침을 아직도 만들지 않은 경우에는 이러한 법률적 의무를 이행할 필요가 있음은 물론이고 지침이 만들어진 경우에도 이러한 지침이 ‘장식적 규정’이 되지 않기 위해서는 ‘입법적 의지’ 만큼이나 ‘실천적 의지’도 중요하다. The secondary victimization of the sexual violence victim are taking place in every process of the criminal investigation, prosecution, trial and media report. Secondary victimization can take on psychological as well as physical forms, both of which are damaging to sexual violence victims. Forms of secondary victimization include bullying or peer victimization, physical abuse, sexual abuse, verbal abuse, robbery, and various psychological assault. The Ministry of Gender Equality and Family(MOGEF) made the ‘standard guidelines for the prevention of secondary victimization of victims’. The guideline is a follow-up measure taken concerning the Framework Act on Prevention of Violence against Women, which entered into force in 2019 and defined “secondary victimization” for the first time. The guideline are focused on drawing the attention of the members of central/local government institutions to the meaning of secondary victimization. The standard guidelines include the following: meaning of secondary victimization, what institution chiefs and members should do to prevent it, preventive education, how to handle cases of such, punishment of perpetrators, measures to prevent cases, etc. According to the guideline, institution chiefs should hold education sessions to prevent secondary victimization based on detailed instructions in the guidelines, take steps to protect victims, establish a procedure for handling the relevant complaints, and come up with measures to prevent recurrence. The guideline is a clause requiring taking a protective measure for whistleblowers and those assisting in the handling of the relevant cases. Central/Local government institutions may set their own guidelines based on the standard guideline of MOGEF.

순환 전압전류법의 기초

신가윤 ( Ka Yoon Shin ),엄완식 ( Wansik Oum ),유동재 ( Dong Jae Yu ),강석우 ( Sukwoo Kang ),김은비 ( Eun Bi Kim ),김현우 ( Hyoun Woo Kim ) 한국센서학회 2021 센서학회지 Vol.30 No.6

Cyclic voltammetry (CV) is a powerful electrochemical measurement technique that can determine redoxable substances in a solution. The advantage of CV is that we can observe redox behavior over a wide potential range in a short time. Because of its practicality and versatility, CV is used not only in electrochemistry but also in various fields of chemistry, such as inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, and biochemistry. As technology advances and the popularity of CV grows, the need for trained electrochemists also increases. However, most students do not receive formal training in these technologies as part of their curriculum. There are few concise and accessible resources for learning CV. Therefore, this manuscript provides a brief introduction to cyclic voltammetry to aid readers in collecting and interpreting useful data from cyclic voltammograms.

Soil Erosion Modeling in the 3S Basin of the Mekong River Basin

Hoang Thu Thuy,Giha Lee,Wansik Yu,Yongchul Shin 한국지반환경공학회 2017 한국지반환경공학회논문집 Vol.18 No.7

The 3S Basin is described as an important contributor in terms of many aspects in the Mekong River Basin in Southeast Asia. However, the 3S Basin has been suffering adverse consequences of changing discharge and sediment, which are derived from farming, deforestation, hydropower dam construction, climate change, and soil erosion. Consequently, a large population and ecology system that live along the 3S Basin are seriously affected. Accordingly, the calculating and simulating discharge and sediment become ever more urgent. There are many methods to simulate discharge and sediment. However, most of them are designed only during a single rainfall event and they require many kinds of data. Therefore, this study applied a Catchment-scale Soil Erosion model (C-SEM) to simulate discharge and sediment in the 3S Basin. The simulated results were judged with others references’s data and the observed discharge of Strung Treng station, which is located in the mainstream and near the outlet of the 3S Basin. The results revealed that the 3S Basin distributes 31% of the Mekong River Basin’s total discharge. In addition, the simulated sediment results at the 3S Basin’s outlet also substantiated the importance of the 3S Basin to the Mekong River Basin. Furthermore, the results are also useful for the sustainable management practices in the 3S Basin, where the sediment data is unavailable.

Soil Erosion Modeling in the 3S Basin of the Mekong River Basin

Thuy, Hoang Thu,Lee, Giha,Yu, Wansik,Shin, Yongchul Korean Geo-Environmental Society 2017 한국지반환경공학회논문집 Vol.18 No.7

The 3S Basin is described as an important contributor in terms of many aspects in the Mekong River Basin in Southeast Asia. However, the 3S Basin has been suffering adverse consequences of changing discharge and sediment, which are derived from farming, deforestation, hydropower dam construction, climate change, and soil erosion. Consequently, a large population and ecology system that live along the 3S Basin are seriously affected. Accordingly, the calculating and simulating discharge and sediment become ever more urgent. There are many methods to simulate discharge and sediment. However, most of them are designed only during a single rainfall event and they require many kinds of data. Therefore, this study applied a Catchment-scale Soil Erosion model (C-SEM) to simulate discharge and sediment in the 3S Basin. The simulated results were judged with others references's data and the observed discharge of Strung Treng station, which is located in the mainstream and near the outlet of the 3S Basin. The results revealed that the 3S Basin distributes 31% of the Mekong River Basin's total discharge. In addition, the simulated sediment results at the 3S Basin's outlet also substantiated the importance of the 3S Basin to the Mekong River Basin. Furthermore, the results are also useful for the sustainable management practices in the 3S Basin, where the sediment data is unavailable.

오존산화-MBBR 혼성 공정을 이용한 염색페수 처리에 관한 연구

오한나 ( Hannah Oh ),신동훈 ( Donghoon Shin ),이상헌 ( Sanghun Lee ),류승한 ( Seunghan Ryu ),박혜리 ( Hyeri Park ),박완식 ( Wansik Park ) 한국물환경학회 2017 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2017 No.-

Improvement of NO₂ Gas Sensing by Xenon Ion Irradiation of ZnO Nanoparticles

Hyeong Min Kim,Ka Yoon Shin,Wansik Oum,Eun Bi Kim,Sungjoon Moon,Min Seok Byun,Hyoun Woo Kim 한국표면공학회 2023 한국표면공학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2023 No.11-1