Advances in the chemistry, pharmacological diversity, and metabolism of 20(R)-ginseng saponins

Wang, Chaoming,Liu, Juan,Deng, Jianqiang,Wang, Jiazhen,Weng, Weizhao,Chu, Hongxia,Meng, Qingguo The Korean Society of Ginseng 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.1

Ginseng has been used as a popular herbal medicine in East Asia for at least two millennia. However, 20(R)-ginseng saponins, one class of important rare ginsenosides, are rare in natural products. 20(R)-ginseng saponins are generally prepared by chemical epimerization and microbial transformation from 20(S)-isomers. The C20 configuration of 20(R)-ginseng saponins are usually determined by ¹³C NMR and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. 20(R)-ginseng saponins have antitumor, antioxidative, antifatigue, neuroprotective, and osteoclastogenesis inhibitory effects, among others. Owing to the chemical structure and pharmacological and stereoselective properties, 20(R)-ginseng saponins have attracted a great deal of attention in recent years. In this study, the discovery, identification, chemical epimerization, microbial transformation, pharmacological activities, and metabolism of 20(R)-ginseng saponins are summarized.

Advances in the chemistry, pharmacological diversity, and metabolism of 20(R)-ginseng saponins

Chaoming Wang,Juan Liu,Jianqiang Deng,Jiazhen Wang,Weizhao Weng,Hongxia Chu,Qingguo Meng 고려인삼학회 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.1

Ginseng has been used as a popular herbal medicine in East Asia for at least two millennia. However,20(R)-ginseng saponins, one class of important rare ginsenosides, are rare in natural products. 20(R)-ginseng saponins are generally prepared by chemical epimerization and microbial transformation from20(S)-isomers. The C20 configuration of 20(R)-ginseng saponins are usually determined by 13C NMR andX-ray single-crystal diffraction. 20(R)-ginseng saponins have antitumor, antioxidative, antifatigue, neuroprotective,and osteoclastogenesis inhibitory effects, among others. Owing to the chemical structureand pharmacological and stereoselective properties, 20(R)-ginseng saponins have attracted a great dealof attention in recent years. In this study, the discovery, identification, chemical epimerization, microbialtransformation, pharmacological activities, and metabolism of 20(R)-ginseng saponins are summarized.

ANXA3, associated with YAP1 regulation, participates in the proliferation and chemoresistance of cervical cancer cells

Huang Jiazhen,Wei Wei,Kang Fuli,Tan Shuang,Li Yibing,Lu Xiaohang,Wang Ning 한국유전학회 2023 Genes & Genomics Vol.45 No.12

Background Cervical cancer, as one of the most common cancers in women, remains a major health threat worldwide. Annexin A3 (ANXA3), a component of the annexin family, is upregulated in numerous cancers, with no explicit role in cervical cancer. Objective This study aims to investigate the function of ANXA3 in cervical cancer. Methods Differential expression genes between the cervical cancer tissues of patients and the controls were analyzed in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database. Using transfection approaches to either upregulate or downregulate ANXA3, its role in cell proliferation and chemosensitivity of human cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa and C33A) was evaluated. Furthermore, the binding activity between YAP1 and ANXA3 was also explored. Results Genomics analysis indicated that differential genes were mostly associated with cell cycle progression and DNA replication. ANXA3 was highly expressed in the cervical cancer tissues and closely linked to malignancy degree. Knockdown of ANXA3 in cervical cancer cells inhibited cell cycle progression. A similar result was observed in the reduction of cyclin D, CDK4, cyclin E, and CDK2 in cervical cancer cells with ANXA3 silencing. Cervical cancer cells obtained high sensitivity to cisplatin (DDP) when ANXA3 was downregulated. Conversely, these capabilities were the opposite in cervical cancer cells overexpressing ANXA3. Furthermore, the expression levels of ANXA3 and YAP1 were positively correlated. YAP1 upregulation was positively connected with malignant behaviors, which were reversed by ANXA3 downregulation. Conclusion In light of our findings, targeting ANXA3 expressed in cervical cancer might contribute to more potential therapeutic strategies.

Research on roll forming process and springback based on five-boundary condition forming angle distribution function

Chunjian Su,Jiazhen Liu,Zexuan Zhao,Shumei Lou,Rui Wang,Longyun Yang 대한기계학회 2020 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.34 No.12

In the present study, a five-boundary conditional distribution function of the forming angle is proposed. The stress, strain, and springback of a sheet in roll-forming process under three different angle distribution functions are studied. Furthermore, effects of forming angle increment, sheet thickness, and material yield strength on stress, strain distribution, and springback of sheet during roll forming are studied under optimized forming angle. The results demonstrate that stress, strain, and springback of each pass based on increment of forming angle under five-boundary condition during roll forming are less than those achieved by other forming angle distribution methods. The stress and strain in the bending zone increase with increase in the sheet thickness. After roll forming, the springback angle decreases with the increase of sheet thickness, increases with the increase of forming angle and material yield strength. However, springback angle can be effectively reduced by increasing the number of passes or correction rolls.

Morphine-6-Glucuronide Isomers-Synthesis and Biological Evaluation

Jixia Yang,Guanyi Lu,Gongzheng Zhang,Xiaodi Wang,Hongliang Wen,Cipan Huang,Jiazhen Yin,Jin Li 대한화학회 2020 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.41 No.11

Morphine-6?-D-glucuronide (M6?G), an active metabolite of morphine, and its isomer morphine-6α-D-glucuronide (M6αG) were synthesized from 3-O-protected morphinethrough glycosylation and alkaline hydrolysis. All structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis, and especially it is the first time to report the single crystal of compound M6αG. In vitro binding assay showed that M6?G bound to mu opioid receptor (MOR), kappa opioid receptor (KOR), and delta opioid receptor (DOR) with nanomolar affinity (Ki = 28.03, 116.88, and 375.13?nM) and M6αG bound to them with similar affinity (Ki = 1070.13, 20?637.93, and 677.36?nM). The selectivity of M6αG toward KOR is much higher. Hot-plate test showed that the analgesic effect of M6?G is better than that of M6αG, that is maybe because the mechanism of M6αG is different.

Tissue-associated profiling of gene expression in the fifth-instar larvae of Chinese Oak Silkworm, Antheraea pernyi

Duan Jianping,Liang Shimei,Zhu Zhenni,Yang Xinfeng,Li Ying,Xu Xin,Wang Jiazhen,Zhu Xuwei,Yao Lunguang 한국응용곤충학회 2023 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.26 No.2

Antheraea pernyi is an edible insect with important economic value in both traditional and non-traditional ap plications. Elucidating the details of gene expression variation among different A. pernyi larval tissues will greatly improve our knowledge about A. pernyi biology and promote its protection and breeding. Here, tissue-based transcriptome and gene co-expression network analysis were performed for the fifth-instar larval tissues of testis, midgut, Malpighian tubule, head, trachea, silk gland, integument, hemocyte, ovary, and fat body. A total of 1,991 tissue-associated genes, including 62 transcription factor-encoding genes, were correlated with the development and functions of these tissues. Moreover, 10 gene co-expression modules that were highly corre lated with the tissues were also determined. The most important 30 genes with top connectivity in each module were identified as hub genes to form the core co-expression network with important biological functions in the corresponding tissues. Based on these resources, further in-depth studies should be conducted to determine the roles of candidate genes and transcription factors governing tissue development and trait formation in A. pernyi.

A transcriptional atlas of the silk gland in Antheraea pernyi revealed by IsoSeq

Duan Jianping,Li Shanshan,Zhang Zhengtian,Yao Lunguang,Yang Xinfeng,Ma Sanyuan,Duan Nini,Wang Jiazhen,Zhu Xuwei,Zhao Ping 한국응용곤충학회 2023 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.26 No.2

Silk fibers spun by the silk gland of Antheraea pernyi have many unique properties and are of great value in genetic improvement and non-traditional applications. However, the complete transcriptional landscape and accurate genic annotation of the silk gland are yet to be conducted, which limits related studies on this organ. In this study, isoform sequencing revealed the full-length transcriptome of the A. pernyi silk gland, producing 12,572 high-confidence isoforms from 7,658 genes, among which more than 40 % of genes have not yet been annotated in the reference genome. Moreover, approximately 9 % of isoforms are computationally identified as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Up to 1,492 alternative splicing (AS) and 3,068 alternative polyadenylation (APA) events were revealed within this transcriptome. In addition, 2,569 putative transcription factors (TFs) belonging to 68 different families were first identified in A. pernyi genome, including 871 TFs in silk gland, and some TF families have undergone expansion or contraction. This study significantly improve our knowledge of the genes expressed in the silk gland of A. pernyi and provide a valuable resource for the in-depth study of silk protein synthesis and spinning, genetic improvement, and non-traditional applications in A. pernyi.