Brazilian Medicinal Plant Acts on Prostaglandin Level and Helicobacter pylori

Z.P. Lima,T.R. Calvo,E.F. Silva,C.H. Pellizzon,W. Vilegas,A.R.M.S. Brito,T.M. Bauab,C.A. Hiruma-Lima 한국식품영양과학회 2008 Journal of medicinal food Vol.11 No.4

Among the current treatment strategies for the peptic ulcer patient with Helicobacter pylori infection, the method of choice is triple therapy based on the concurrent use of proton inhibitors and two antibiotics. Alchornea triplinervia is a medicinal plant commonly used by people living in the Cerrado region of Brazil to treat gastrointestinal ulcers. In the present work we proposed therapy based on this medicinal plant that presents effective gastroprotective action with antibiotic effects. Oral pretreatment with methanolic extract (ME) of A. triplinervia in rats and mice decreased the gastric injuries induced by ethanol and HCl/ethanol. Increasing the dose reduced the gastroprotective effects of ME on the gastric lesions induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. After pylorus ligature of mice, oral administration of ME induced a decrease not only in total acid but also in the ulcer index. We also observed that ME displayed antibacterial activity against H. pylori. Liquid-liquid separation of ME indicated that active constituents responsible for the gastroprotective action are concentrated in the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) (50% protection) rather than in the aqueous fraction, which did not induce significant gastroprotection at the same dose (100 mg/kg). EAF induced an increase of gastric mucosa prostaglandin (PG) E2 levels, which remained high even after previous administration of indomethacin. The phytochemical profile of ME revealed that EAF contains mainly flavonoids. In conclusion, all these results suggest that ME did not show acute toxicity, but exhibited an antisecretory property, anti-H. pylori effect, and gastroprotective action. The observed effect did not involve the participation of nitric oxide or endogenous sulfhydryl groups. However, EAF showed a more efficient gastroprotective effect than ME at a lower dose and protected the gastric mucosa by increasing PGE2.

Phytochemical Profile, and Antiproliferative and Proapoptotic Effects of Pouteria ramiflora (Mart.) Radlk. Leaf Extract, and Its Synergism with Cisplatin in HepG2 Cells

Katiuska Tuttis,Daryne Lu Maldonado Gomes da Costa,Juliana Mara Serpeloni,Lourdes Campaner dos Santos,Eliana Aparecida Varanda,Wagner Vilegas,Wilner Martınez-Lopez,Ilce Mara de Syllos Cólus 한국식품영양과학회 2021 Journal of medicinal food Vol.24 No.5

Different species of the genus Pouteria have been used in folk medicine for the treatment of inflammation, fever, ulcers, diabetes, and diarrhea. We analyzed the phytochemical profile of the hydroethanolic extract from Pouteria ramiflora leaves by electrospray ionization ion trap tandem mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection, and examined whether it alone and in combination with cisplatin interfered with cell proliferation and death processes in HepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma) and FGH (human gingival fibroblasts) cells. Five compounds were identified in the extract: gallic acid, myricetin-3-O-α-l-arabinopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-β-d-galactopyranoside, myricetin-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside, and myricetin-3-O-β-d-galactopyranoside. The extract was cytotoxic to both cell lines by inducing apoptotic cell death and acted in synergy with cisplatin; such effect was stronger in HepG2 cells than in FGH cells, demonstrating some selectivity to tumor cells. In HepG2 cells, the extract exerted antiproliferative effect mediated by induction of cell cycle arrest at the S and G2/M phases. Association of the extract with cisplatin enhanced the latter's antiproliferative effect, arrested the cell cycle at the S phase by CDK2 modulation, and reduced the number of anti-cyclin D1-stained HepG2 cells. Simultaneous treatment with the extract and cisplatin increased the latter's cytotoxicity, apoptotic cell death, and BAX expression in HepG2 cells. Altogether, the results reported herein indicate that P. ramiflora extract is a possible adjuvant to cancer therapy, which can circumvent the cisplatin-mediated resistance mechanisms in cancer cells.

Antimicrobial Activity of Miconia Species (Melastomataceae)

Juliana Rodrigues,Danielle Carvalho Michelin,Daniel Rinaldo,Guilherme Juli? Zocolo,Lourdes Campaner dos Santos,Wagner Vilegas,H?ida Regina Nunes Salgado 한국식품영양과학회 2008 Journal of medicinal food Vol.11 No.1

This work evaluated the antimicrobial activity of the methanol and chloroform extracts of the leaves of Mi-conia cabucu, Miconia rubiginosa, and Miconia stenostachya using the disc-diffusion method. The results obtained showedthat the methanol extracts of the leaves of M. rubiginosaand M. stenostachyaand the chloroform extract of the leaves of M.cabucu presented antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms.

Secondary Metabolites of Miconia rubiginosa

Juliana Rodrigues,Daniel Rinaldo,Marcelo Aparecido da Silva,Lourdes Campaner dos Santos,Wagner Vilegas 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.7

The Miconia genus is the most representative of the Melastomataceae family, and some species are commonly used in Brazilian folk medicine as anti-inflammatory agents. In this work we investigated the leaves from Miconia rubiginosa (Bonpl.) DC, using high-speed countercurrent chromatography, which yielded 11 substances (eight flavonoids, gallic acid, casuarictin, and schizandriside). Identification was achieved using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography–circular dichroism–diode array detection analyses.

Modulatory Effect of Byrsonima basiloba Extracts on the Mutagenicity of Certain Direct and Indirect-Acting Mutagens in Salmonella typhimurium Assays

Walclecio de Moraes Lira,Fabio Vieira dos Santos,Miriam Sannomiya,Clenilson Martins Rodrigues,Wagner Vilegas,Eliana Aparecida Varanda 한국식품영양과학회 2008 Journal of medicinal food Vol.11 No.1

Byrsonima basiloba A. Juss. species is a native arboreal type from the Brazilian “cerrado” (tropical Americansavanna), and the local population uses it to treat diseases, such as diarrhea and gastric ulcer. It belongs to the Malpighiaceaefamily, and it is commonly known as “murici.” Considering the popular use of B. basilobaderivatives and the lack of phar-macological potential studies regarding this vegetal species, the mutagenic and antimutagenic effect of methanol (MeOH) andchloroform extracts were evaluated by the Ames test, using strains TA97a, TA98, TA100, and TA102 of Salmonella ty-phimurium. No mutagenic activity was observed in any of the extracts. To evaluate the antimutagenic potential, direct and in-direct mutagenic agents were used: 4 nitro-o-phenylenediamine, sodium azide, mitomycin C, aflatoxin B1, benzo[a]pyrene,and hydrogen peroxide. Both the extracts evaluated showed antimutagenic activity, but the highest value of inhibition level(89%) was obtained with the MeOH extract and strain TA100 in the presence of aflatoxin B1. Phytochemical analysis of theextracts revealed the presence of n-alkanes, lupeol, ursolic and oleanolic acid, (. )-catechin, quercetin-3-O-.-L-arabinopyra-noside, gallic acid, methyl gallate, amentoflavone, quercetin, quercetin-3-O-(2.-O-galloyl)-.-D-galactopyranoside, andquercetin-3-O-(2.-O-galloyl)-.-L-arabinopyranoside.

Chemical and Antidiarrheal Studies of Plinia cauliflora

Tatiana M. Souza-Moreira,Juliana A. Severi,Emerson Santos,Viviana Y.A. Silva,Wagner Vilegas,He´rida R.N. Salgado,Rosemeire C.L.R. Pietro 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.12

Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel, widespread in South America, has edible fruits, and its bark is commonly used against diarrhea and other disorders, on account of its astringency. Because diarrhea is still one of the most important causes of illness and death among children in developing countries, where the population turns to traditional medicine for its treatment, the present study determined the composition of fruit and leaf extracts of P. cauliflora, analyzed the activity against diarrhea by antimicrobial and gastrointestinal motility, and evaluated the cytotoxicity of the extracts. Chemical composition was determined by high-performance liquid chromatograpy–ultraviolet/photodiode array detection. Antimicrobial activity was analyzed by agar diffusion and the microdilution method against etiological agents of diarrhea. The effect on gastrointestinal motility was analyzed using an experimental model in mice. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in vitro with the fibroblast cell line SIRC CCL 60, and leaf extract showed a 50% inhibitory concentration of 0.48 lg/mL. Gallic acid, ellagic acid, and flavonoid derivatives were detected in the extracts. It was observed that fruit and leaf extracts showed some activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., and Shigella sp. However, neither extract had any effect on gastrointestinal motility.

Differences in Gastroprotective and Mutagenic Actions Between Polar and Apolar Extracts of Ananas ananassoides

J.S. Silva,M.A. Andreo,F.R. Tubaldini,E.A. Varanda,L.R.M. Rocha,A.R.M.S. Brito,W. Vilegas,C.A. Hiruma-Lima 한국식품영양과학회 2008 Journal of medicinal food Vol.11 No.1

Several plants are used in folk medicine to treat gastrointestinal disorders. Ananas ananassoides(Baker) L.B.Smith (Family Bromeliaceae) is a medicinal plant commonly used in the central region of Brazil against gastric pain. Weevaluated two extracts (methanol [MeOH] and dichloromethane [DCM]) obtained from the leaves of A. ananassoidesfor theirability to protect the gastric mucosa against injuries caused by necrotizing agents (0.3 M HCl/60% ethanol, absolute ethanol,non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and pylorus ligation) in mice and rats. The best results were obtained after pretreat-ment with the DCM extract, whereas the MeOH extract did not show any significant anti-ulcerogenic activity but presentedmutagenic action. The mechanism of action of the DCM extract suggested the effective participation of endogenous sulfhydrylgroup in the gastroprotective action. The data, taken together with the absence of acute toxicity and mutagenicity, indicatethe apolar extract, instead of the polar, extract of A. ananassoides as a safe and potential new anti-ulcerogenic drug.

Flavonoid Detection in Hydroethanolic Extract of Pouteria torta (Sapotaceae) Leaves by HPLC-DAD and the Determination of Its Mutagenic Activity

Daryne L.M.G. Costa,Daniel Rinaldo,Eliana A. Varanda,Juliana F. de Sousa,Ana L.M. Nasser,Ana C.Z. Silva,Debora C. Baldoqui,Wagner Vilegas,Lourdes Campaner dos Santos 한국식품영양과학회 2014 Journal of medicinal food Vol.17 No.10

It is well known that phytotherapy has grown in popularity in recent years. Because a drug cannot be administered without ensuring its effectiveness and safety, the standardization and regulation of phytotherapeutic drugs are required by the global market and governmental authorities. This article describes a simple and reliable high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection analysis method for the simultaneous detection of myricetin-3-O-b-Dgalactopyranoside, myricetin-3-O-a-L-arabinopyranoside, and myricetin-3-O-a-L-rhaminopyranoside present in the hydroethanolic extract (ethanol/H2O, 7:3, v/v) of Pouteria torta. The mutagenic activity of the extract was evaluated on Salmonella typhimurium and by an in vivo micronucleus test on the peripheral blood cells of Swiss mice. The linearity, sensitivity, selectivity, repeatability, accuracy, and precision of the assay were evaluated. The analytical curves were linear and exhibited good repeatability (with a deviation of less than 5%) and demonstrated good recovery (within the 83–107% range). The results demonstrate that the hydroethanolic extract exhibited a mutagenic activity in both assays, suggesting caution in the use of this plant in folk medicine.