Leiomyosarcoma, a Nonurothelial Bladder Tumor: A Rare Entity With Therapeutic Diversity

Dheeraj Kumar Gupta,Vishwajeet Singh,Rahul Janak Sinha,Vijay Kumar,Deepak Sharanappa Nagathan,Satya Narayan Sankhwar 대한비뇨의학회 2013 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.54 No.6

A 22-year-old young woman presented with dysuria and lower urinary tract symptoms that had persisted for 6 months. She was diagnosed with a tumor near the bladder neck. Transurethral resection was done under anaesthesia. The histopathological examination with immunohistochemical staining showed the tumor to be a low-grade leiomyosarcoma. Adjuvant chemoradiation was given, and the patient has been doing well for 12 months of follow-up. Nonurothelial tumors of the bladder are rare and consensus is lacking regarding their definitive treatment. Furthermore, little is known about the natural history and prognosis of this type of bladder sarcoma. We present a minimally invasive treatment for this relatively rare tumor in which bladder preservation was achieved with no evidence of local or distant recurrences during the follow-up to date.

Feasibility of Neurovascular Antropylorus Perineal Transposition With Pudendal Nerve Anastomosis Following Anorectal Excision: A Cadaveric Study for Neoanal Reconstruction

Abhijit Chandra,Ashok Kumar,M Noushif,Nitish Gupta,Vijay Kumar,Navneet Kumar Chauhan,Vishal Gupta 대한대장항문학회 2013 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.29 No.1

Purpose: Perineal transposition of the antropyloric valve following an anorectal excision as a substitute for a permanent colostomy has recently been reported in humans. However, the problem of neural control still remains in these patients. Our aim herein was to study the anatomical feasibility of an anastomosis between the pudendal nerve branches (inferior rectal nerve) innervating the external anal sphincter and the anterior vagal branches of the perineally-transposed antropyloric segment in cadavers. Methods: The antropyloric segment, along with its carefully dissected branch of the anterior vagus, was mobilized based on the left gastroepiploic pedicle in six fresh human cadavers. The antropyloric valve was then transposed in the perineum after the pudendal nerve branches had been dissected out, and an approximation of these two nerves was performed to ascertain the technical feasibility of their neural anastomosis. Results: The anterior vagus innervating the antropylorus could be harvested in all cadavers below the hepatic division of the main vagus trunk. The inferior rectal nerve or its branches were found consistently around the 3 or the 9 o’clock position in the ischioanal fossa. An anatomical tension-free approximation of the anterior vagus branch (of the transposed antropyloric segment) to the inferior rectal nerve in the perineum was feasible in all the cadavers studied. Conclusion: An inferior rectal nerve anastomosis with the anterior vagal branch of the perineally-transposed antropyloric segment can be achieved anatomically. This preliminary step can be the basis for future animal studies and subsequent clinical application of the procedure for possible neural control of the transposed antropyloric segment in the perineum.

DEVELOPMENT OF AGRI-BOT FOR SEED SOWING AUTOMATION

Vijay K. Pandey,Vijay Kumar Gupta,Tanuja Sheorey 제어로봇시스템학회 2023 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2023 No.10

Evaluation of early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute calculous cholecystitis: a prospective, randomized study

Gaurav Gupta,Ajay Shahbaj,Dharmendra Kumar Pipal,Pawan Saini,Vijay Verma,Sangeeta Gupt,Vibha Rani,Seema Yadav 대한내시경로봇외과학회 2022 Journal of Minimally Invasive Surgery Vol.25 No.4

Purpose: Uncertainty exists about whether early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is an appropriate surgical treatment for acute calculous cholecystitis. This study aimed to compare early vs. late LC for acute calculous cholecystitis regarding intraoperative difficulty and postoperative outcomes. Methods: This was a prospective randomized study carried out between December 2015 and June 2017; 60 patients with acute calculous cholecystitis were divided into two groups (early and delayed groups), each comprising 30 patients. Thirty patients treated with LC within 3 to 5 days of arrival at the hospital were assigned to the early group. The other 30 patients were placed in the delayed group, first treated conservatively, and followed by LC 3 to 6 weeks later. Results: The conversion rates in both groups were 6.7% and 0%, respectively (p = 0.143). The operating time was 56.67 ± 11.70 minutes in the early group and 75.67 ± 20.52 minutes in the delayed group (p = 0.001), and both groups observed equal levels of postoperative complications. Early LC patients, on the other hand, required much fewer postoperative hospital stay (3.40 ± 1.99 vs. 6.27 ± 2.90 days, p = 0.006). Conclusion: Considering shorter operative time and hospital stay without significant increase of open conversion rates, early LC might have benefits over late LC.

Study of tumor transglutaminase 2 expression in gallbladder cancer – Is it a novel predictor of survival?

Sameer Gupta,Sudeep Garg,Vijay Kumar,Arun Chaturvedi,Sanjeev Misra,Naseem Akhtar,Shiv Rajan,Jatinder Kaur,Manikandan Lakshmanan,Kavitha Jain 한국간담췌외과학회 2020 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.24 No.4

Backgrounds/Aims: Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is known to be an important mediator of inflammation induced carcinogenesis pathway. Chronic inflammation is the most important causative factor in Gallbladder cancer (GBC) carcinogenesis. We analyzed the expression of TG2 in GBC and its role as potential prognostic marker, first of its kind study. Methods: We analyzed TG2 expression in 100 cases of GBC and 28 cases of non-cancer gallbladder specimen (calculus cholecystitis). We studied TG2 expression in GBC in comparison to control group and evaluated its role as a potential prognostic marker. Results: TG2 score (1-9) was calculated by multiplying percentage cytoplasmic expression (P) with intensity of expression (I) in tumor cells. Positive TG-2 expression was observed in 62% of GBC patients compared to only 21% (n=6) in control group (p=0.001). In curative resection subgroup (n=54), TG2 positive patients showed shorter disease free survival rate (p=0.04) and higher rate of recurrence (p=0.03) compared to TG2 negative patients. TG2 positive expression was observed in 15/16 of patients with recurrent disease. In palliative treatment subgroup, patients with strong TG2 positive expression had poorer disease specific survival (p=0.01) as compared to weakly positive group. On multivariate analysis, lymph node status (p=0.03) and TG2 expression (p=0.037), were found to be significant predictor of recurrence and eventual survival. Conclusions: Positive TG2 expression was related to higher recurrence rates post curative surgery, shorter disease free and overall survival and ultimately portended poor prognosis. It may be helpful in better prognostication and tailoring therapeutic approach for better management of GBC.

Effect of Mandibular Advancement Splint on Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Insulin Resistant Diabetes

Ashutosh Gupta,Arvind Tripathi,Praveen Rai,Piyush Sharma,Vijay Yadav,Dewanshu Kumar 대한수면연구학회 2020 Journal of sleep medicine Vol.17 No.1

Objectives: Obstructive Sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by complete or partial obstruction of upper airflow despite the effort to breathe, leading to hypoxemia and hypercapnia. The resultant apnea causes sleep fragmentation, which in turn increases sympathetic activity, decreases insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake, and stimulates hepatic gluconeogenesis that ultimately leads to type 2 diabetes. Most studies exploring the effect of continuous positive airway pressure on insulin sensitivity have showed a positive effect. However, there is no evidence on the effect of mandibular advancement device on insulin resistance (IR). This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of mandibular advancement splint (MAS) on IR in patients with OSA. Methods: The present study was conducted at Department of Prosthodontics, Dental College Azamgarh, from June 2015 to July 2017. Sixty eight dentulous patients with type 2 diabetes and mild to moderate OSA and with stable diabetic regimen were included in the study. A MAS was fabricated and fixed at 70% of the maximum mandibular protrusion recorded. Patients that were comfortable with MAS after one month were assessed for apnea-hypopnea index, mean oxygen saturation, and IR at baseline, 6 months, and 1 year after wearing MAS. Results: An improvement in insulin sensitivity was observed at 6 months for mild OSA patients (p=0.001). For moderate OSA patients, no significant improvement was observed following MAS use (p>0.05). Conclusions: The finding suggested that MAS is effective in improving IR in mild OSA patients.

Modeling and flow analysis of piezoelectric based micropump with various shapes of microneedle

Rakesh Kumar Haldkar,Vijay Kumar Gupta,Tanuja Sheorey 대한기계학회 2017 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.31 No.6

Micropumps have been investigated as drug delivery and disease diagnostic devices. Many of these micropumps have been designed,considering primarily, available micro fabrication technologies rather than appropriate pump performance analysis. Piezoelectric andsilicon based micro pumps are more popular as compared to other smart materials being explored. The microneedle is an integral part ofthese micropumps providing an interface between the drug reservoir and the patient’s body for extracting the blood for investigation. Blood collected in the pump chamber passes through the biosensor and gives the required investigation report. It is aimed to minimize thepain while the microneedle is inserted in the body without having any effect on the flow characteristics. Several factors affect the painwhile inserting the needle, out of which shape and size of the microneedle are two important parameters. In this study we have investigatedthe effect of shape of the microneedle on the flow inside the micropump. A micropump design is based on the required flow at thebiosensor point. All computations were carried out with water (Newtonian fluid) as the working fluid after carrying out a comparativeanalysis with human blood (non-Newtonian fluid). For the pentagonal shaped microneedle, the velocity at the top of the microneedle wasminimum, which is beneficial in that fluid should remain in contact with the sensor for longer time.

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Boron and Nitrogen co-doped Reduced Graphene Oxide for the Protection of Electromagnetic Radiation in Ku-Band

Umrao, Sima,Gupta, Tejendra K.,Kumar, Shiv,Singh, Vijay K.,Sultania, Manish K.,Jung, Jung Hwan,Oh, Il-Kwon,Srivastava, Anchal American Chemical Society 2015 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.7 No.35

<P>The electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding of reduced graphene oxide (MRG), B-doped MRG (BMRG), N-doped MRG (N-MRG), and B-N co-doped MRG (B-N-MRG) have been studied in the Ku-band frequency range (12.8-18 GHz). We have developed a green, fast, and cost-effective microwave assisted route for synthesis of doped MRG. B-N-MRG shows high electrical conductivity in comparison to MRG, B-MRG and N-MRG, which results better electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding ability. The co-doping of B and N significantly enhances the electrical conductivity of MRG from 21.4 to 124.4 Sm-1 because N introduces electrons and B provides holes in the system and may form a nanojunction inside the material. Their temperature-dependent electrical conductivity follows 2D-variable range hopping (2D-VRH) and Efros-Shldovskii-VRH (ES-VRH) conduction model in a low temperature range (T < 50 K). The spatial configuration of MRG after doping of B and N enhances the space charge polarization, natural resonance, dielectric polarization, and trapping of EM waves by internal reflection leading to a high EMI shielding of -42 dB (-99.99% attenuation) compared to undoped MR.G (-28 dB) at a critical thickness of 1.2 mm. Results suggest that the B-N-MRG has great potential as a candidate for a new type of EMI shielding material useful in aircraft, defense industries, communication systems, and stealth technology.</P>

Enzymatic Clarification of Fruit Juices (Apple, Pineapple, and Tomato) Using Purified Bacillus pumilus SV-85S Xylanase

Sushil Nagar,Anuradha Mittal,Vijay Kumar Gupta 한국생물공학회 2012 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.17 No.6

The xylanase obtained from a hyper-producer Bacillus pumilus SV-85S was purified and characterized to evaluate its potential in industrial applications. Xylanase was purified to homogeneity 25.3-fold with 63.2% recovery using cation-exchange chromatography through CMSephadex C-50. The purified xylanase showed a single band on Native-PAGE and a single peak in RP-HPLC confirming its homogeneity. The purified enzyme revealed a single band on SDS-PAGE with a molecular mass of 23.6 kDa, which was confirmed with gel filtration chromatography through Sepharose 6B. The Km and Vmax of the purified xylanase was 1.0 mg/mL and 333.3 IU/mL,respectively. The temperature and pH profiles of the purified xylanase revealed that it was thermo and alkali stable. In recent years due to the overall increase in natural fruit juice consumption, juices have become important from a consumption point of view. However, raw juice is turbid and viscous which tends to settle during storage. Therefore, it must be clarified before commercialization. The efficacy of absolutely purified xylanase was studied on juice enrichment of apples (Malus domestica), pineapples (Ananas comosus L.) and tomatos (Lycopersicum esculentum). The treatment with xylanase lead to an increased juice yield by 23.53% (apple), 10.78% (pineapple), and 20.78%(tomato) as well as having a significant effect on juice clarity by an increase of % transmittance of 22.20, 19.80,and 14.30, respectively. The turbidity and viscosity was also decreased without affecting acid neutrality significantly.

Short Communication : Leaf Ontogenic Phase-Related Dynamics of Withaferin A and Withanone Biogenesis in Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera Dunal.) - An Important Medicinal Herb

( Narayan Das Chaurasiya ),( Vijay Kumar Gupta ),( Rajender Singh Sangwan ) 한국식물학회 2007 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.50 No.4

Withania somnifera (Dunal), a medicinally important plant, is extensively used in traditional Indian herbal preparations as well as for modern nutraceutical and functional food supplements. Its characteristic phytogenic molecules are modified steroidal lactones called withanolides. Withaferin A is a predominant constituent and is pharmacologically active. Here, we studied the dynamics of biogenesis and accumulation of withaferin A and withanone in Withania leaves at various developmental phases (very young, young, mature, and senescent). HPLC analysis was conducted to determine the amassed quantities of these phytochemicals, while their de novo biosynthesizing capacity was examined via incorporation studies with a radiolabeled primary precursor, [2-14C]-acetate. De novo biogenesis and accumulation of withanolides was most active in young leaves. Here, we also discuss developmental patterns and secondary metabolism in relation to eco-physiology and phytopharmaceutical variability.