Weak Interactions Between Organic Molecules and Alkali Metal Ions Present in Zeolites Help Manipulate the Excited State Behavior of Organic Molecules

Ramamurthy, V. Korean Society of Photoscience 2003 Journal of Photosciences Vol.10 No.1

Zeolite is a porous highly interactive matrix. Zeolitic cations help to generate triplets from molecules that possess poor intersystem crossing efficiency. Certain zeolites act as electron acceptors and thus can spontaneously generate radical cations. Zeolites also act as proton donors and thus yield carbocations without any additional reagents. These reactive species, radical cations and carbocations, have long lifetime within a zeolite and thus lend themselves to be handled as ‘regular’ chemicals. Internal structure of zeolites is studded with cations, the counter-ions of the anionic framework. The internal constrained structure and the cations serve as handles for chemists to control the behavior of guest molecules included within zeolites.

Weak Interactions Between Organic Molecules and Alkali Metal IonsPresent in Zeolites Help Manipulate the Excited State Behavior of Organic Molecules

V.Ramamurthy 한국광과학회 2003 Journal of Photosciences Vol.10 No.1

Preparation of cadmium stannate films by spray pyrolysis technique

V. Krishnakumar,K. Ramamurthi,R. Kumaravel,K. Santhakumar 한국물리학회 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.3

Cadmium stannate thin films were prepared by spray pyrolysis technique using cadmium acetate and tin(Ⅱ) chloride precursors at substrate temperatures 450℃ and 500 ℃. XRD pattern confirms the formation of orthorhombic (111) cadmium stannate phase for the film prepared at substrate temperature of 500 ℃, whereas, films prepared at 450 ℃ are morphous. Film formation does not occur at substrate temperature from 300 to 375 ℃. SEM images reveal that the surface of the prepared Cd2SnO4 film is smooth. The average optical transmittance of ~86% is obtained for the film prepared at substrate temperature of 500 ℃ with the film thickness of 400 nm. The optical band gap value of the films varies from 2.7 to 2.94 eV. The film prepared at 500 ℃ shows a minimum resistivity of 35.6 × 10-4 Ωcm. Cadmium stannate thin films were prepared by spray pyrolysis technique using cadmium acetate and tin(Ⅱ) chloride precursors at substrate temperatures 450℃ and 500 ℃. XRD pattern confirms the formation of orthorhombic (111) cadmium stannate phase for the film prepared at substrate temperature of 500 ℃, whereas, films prepared at 450 ℃ are morphous. Film formation does not occur at substrate temperature from 300 to 375 ℃. SEM images reveal that the surface of the prepared Cd2SnO4 film is smooth. The average optical transmittance of ~86% is obtained for the film prepared at substrate temperature of 500 ℃ with the film thickness of 400 nm. The optical band gap value of the films varies from 2.7 to 2.94 eV. The film prepared at 500 ℃ shows a minimum resistivity of 35.6 × 10-4 Ωcm.

AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) and Energy-Sensing in the Brain

Santosh Ramamurthy,Gabriele V. Ronnett 한국뇌신경과학회 2012 Experimental Neurobiology Vol.21 No.2

5’-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an evolutionarily conserved cellular and organismal energy integrator that responds to numerous stimuli with the overall intention to facilitate energy conservation and enhance energy balance while also aff ecting cellular survival and behaviors. AMPK has been appreciated for many years to function in peripheral organs that contribute to the generation or disposition of cellular energy, while its role in the brain has been only recently elucidated. While acknowledged to respond to organismal energy balance, we now recognize that energy balance within neurons also aff ects the brain’s response to these peripheral signals. In this review, we discuss AMPK’s regulation and its ever-expanding role as a neuronal energy integrator at both the cellular and systems levels.

Bean Gall Weevil and Blister Beetle as New Pests on Red Kidney Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in India

D.P. Abrol,V.V. Ramamurthy,K. Srivastava 한국응용곤충학회 2006 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.9 No.4

Red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) an important cash crop is attacked by eight species of insect pests which cause considerable damage. They included thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis; aphids, Aphis craccivora; whitefly, Bemisia tobaci; hairy caterpillar, Spilosoma obliqua; stemfly, Ophiomyia phaseoli; pulse beetle Callosobruchus chinensis; bean gall weevil Alcidodes signatus and blister beetle Cyaneolylta coerculea. Of all these pests, bean gall weevil Alcidodes signatus and blister beetle, Cyaneolylta coerculea were the serious pests and recorded for the first from the crop and the country.

Bean Gall Weevil and Blister Beetle as New Pests on Red Kidney Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in India

Abrol, D.P.,Ramamurthy, V.V.,Srivastava, K. Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2006 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.9 No.4

Red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) an important cash crop is attacked by eight species of insect pests which cause considerable damage. They included thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis; aphids, Aphis craccivora; whitefly, Bemisia tobaci; hairy caterpillar, Spilosoma obliqua; stemfly, Ophiomyia phaseoli; pulse beetle Callosobruchus chinensis; bean gall weevil Alcidodes signatus and blister beetle Cyaneolylta coerculea. Of all these pests, bean gall weevil Alcidodes signatus and blister beetle, Cyaneolylta coerculea were the serious pests and recorded for the first from the crop and the country.

Concurrent Scheduling of Machines and Tools without Tool Delay in a Multi Machine FMS using Flower Pollination Algorithm

Padma Lalitha Mareddy,Sivarami Reddy Narapureddy,Venkata Ramamurthy Dwivedula,Sunil V Prayagi 대한산업공학회 2023 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.22 No.3

This paper deals with machines and tools joint scheduling in a multi-machine flexible manufacturing system to min-imize makespan with the lowest possible copies of every type of tool without tool delay. The tools are placed in a central tool magazine that shares with and serves several machines. The problem is determining the lowest possible copies of every type of tool, allocation of tool copies to job-operations, and job-operations’ sequencing on machines without tool delay for makespan minimization. This paper proposes a nonlinear mixed integer programming formula-tion to model this simultaneous scheduling problem and flower pollination algorithm based on the flowers’ pollination process for solving this problem. The results have been tabulated, analyzed, and compared.

Biology of Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) tau (Walker) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Shakti Kumar Singh,Dinesh KUMAR,Vilayanoor V. RAMAMURTHY 한국곤충학회 2010 Entomological Research Vol.40 No.5

The biology of the fruit fly Bactrocera tau, an important horticultural pest, was studied under laboratory conditions at 25°C and 60–70% relative humidity on Cucurbita maxima. The duration of mating averaged 408.03 ± 235.93 min. After mating, the female fly had a preoviposition period of 11.7 ± 4.49 days. The oviposition rate was 9.9 ± 8.50 eggs and fecundity was 464.6 ± 67.98 eggs/female. Eggs were elliptical, smooth and shiny white, turning darker as hatching approached, and measured 1.30 ± 0.07 mm × 0.24 ± 0.04 mm. The chorion has polygonal microsculpturing and is species-specific with polygonal walls. The egg period lasts for 1.3 ± 0.41 days. The duration of the larval period is 1.2 ± 0.42, 1.7 ± 0.48 and 4.0 ± 0.94 days for first, second and third instars, respectively. Pupation occurs in the sand or soil and pupal periods are 7.0 ± 0.47 days. The life cycle from egg to adult was completed in 14.2 ± 1.69 days; the longevity of mated females and males was 130.33 ± 14.18 and 104.66 ± 31.21 days, respectively. At least two to three generations were observed from June 2008 to June 2009.

Physiological oxygen level is critical for modeling neuronal metabolism in vitro

Zhu, Jing,Aja, Susan,Kim, Eun‐,Kyoung,Park, Min Jung,Ramamurthy, Santosh,Jia, Junling,Hu, Xueying,Geng, Ping,Ronnett, Gabriele V. Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2012 Journal of neuroscience research Vol.90 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>In vitro models are important tools for studying the mechanisms that govern neuronal responses to injury. Most neuronal culture methods employ nonphysiological conditions with regard to metabolic parameters. Standard neuronal cell culture is performed at ambient (21%) oxygen levels, whereas actual tissue oxygen levels in the mammalian brain range from 1% to 5%. In this study, we examined the consequences of oxygen level on the viability and metabolism of primary cultures of cortical neurons. Our results indicate that physiological oxygen level (5% O<SUB>2</SUB>) has a beneficial effect on cortical neuronal survival and mitochondrial function in vitro. Moreover, oxygen level affects metabolic fluxes: glucose uptake and glycolysis was enhanced at physiological oxygen level, whereas glucose oxidation and fatty acid oxidation were reduced. Adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) was more activated in 5% O<SUB>2</SUB> and appears to play a role in these metabolic effects. Inhibiting AMPK activity with compound C decreased glucose uptake, intracellular ATP level, and viability in neurons cultured in 5% O<SUB>2</SUB>. These data indicate that oxygen level is an important parameter to consider when modeling neuronal responses to stress in vitro. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</P>

Prediction and characterization of novel microRNAs from brown plant hopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

R. Asokan,K. B. REBIJITH,H. H. RANJITHA,H. K. ROOPA,V.V. Ramamurthy 한국곤충학회 2013 Entomological Research Vol.43 No.4

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of small, endogenously initiated non‐coding RNAs that extensively regulate gene expression either by mRNA cleavage or by translational repression, thus playing important roles in the development and physiology of organisms. Experimental identification and characterization of spatially and temporally expressed miRNAs is a monumental task in insects such as the brown plant hopper, Nilaparvata lugens, a major pest of rice and also a vector of Tenuivirus. At this juncture bioinformatics approaches, which primarily depend on sequence homology and secondary structure verification, will be an invaluable tool. A total of nine novel miRNAs were identified in N. lugens using the computational approaches from 1 13 718 Expressed Sequence Tags. The phylogenetic analysis was carried out to compare their level of conservation with respect to other members of the animal kingdom. The functional annotation of these newly identified miRNAs revealed that the majority of them are involved in the transcription regulatory activity and signal transduction pathways. These regulatory impacts are promising towards insect pest management but need further experimental validation and functional analyses. Thus, the outcome of this study will help to carry out the gene knockdown and transgenesis studies for the functional analysis of the newly identified miRNA‐regulated phenotypes in N. lugens.