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Chandrasekhar, A.,Alluri, N.,Vivekananthan, V.,Purusothaman, Y.,Kim, S. J. Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Journal of Materials Chemistry C Vol.5 No.6
<P>Wearable gadgets have attracted consumer attention, resulting in an abundance of research on the development of self-powered devices. Recently, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have been shown to be an effective approach for scavenging biomechanical energy. An innovative, cost-effective and eco-friendly freestanding smart backpack-triboelectric nanogenerator (SBP-TENG) is presented for scavenging biomechanical energy. A new approach to creating irregular surfaces on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film is demonstrated by recycling a plastic Petri dish discarded after laboratory usage. The SBP-TENG relies on contact and separation electrification between the PDMS film and contact materials (wool, paper, cotton, denim and polyethylene). The performance of single-and multi-unit SBP-TENGs is systematically studied and real-time energy harvesting from human motions, such as walking, running and bending, is demonstrated. This study confirms that the SBP-TENG is an excellent technology for scavenging biomechanical energy, capable of driving a variety of low-power electronic devices such as global positioning system (GPS) sensors, wearable sensors and flashlights.</P>
Technical efficiency analysis of container terminals in India
Iyer K. Chandrasekhar,Nanyam V.P.S. Nihar 한국해운물류학회 2021 The Asian journal of shipping and Logistics Vol.37 No.1
Despite the number of studies on the efficiency of container ports, most studies are of developed nations, and very few are of developing nations, such as India. Indian container ports are very critical due to their location advantage and their ability to handle transhipment traffic. There is a need to understand their performance at the micro-level, specifically the terminal level rather than that of the whole port. This paper focuses on the analysis of the technical efficiency of 26 container terminals in India using a data envelopment analysis approach for the years 2015–2018 and interprets it with respect to location advantage, administrative control and private control of terminal operations. The research explores the Malmquist index which measures productivity changes over a period of time and deconstructs them into two components, namely efficiency change, referred to as catch-up, and frontier shift. This study enabled the ranking of these terminals in terms of their performances. The relative efficiency of container terminals on the west coast of India is found to be better than that of the east coast of India, and the efficiency of container terminals operating under major ports is on a declining path when compared with that of minor ports. The private participation has also not seen similar productivity changes across all container terminals. Among the seven high performing container terminals identified through the analysis provided, the terminal at Tuticorin emerged as the most consistent one in terms of relative efficiency and growth in total factor productivity. The dominant factor influencing the efficiency of a terminal is found to be the size of the terminal, offering the advantages of economies of scale.
Asymmetric Formal Synthesis of (+)‐Lactacystin
Sridhar, Chirumarry,Vijaykumar, Bodduri V. D.,Radhika, Laghuvarapu,Shin, Dong‐,Soo,Chandrasekhar, Srivari WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2014 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Vol.2014 No.30
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A formal synthesis of (+)‐lactacystin was achieved from commercially available isobutyraldehyde and ethyl acrylate. A Baylis–Hillman reaction, an intermolecular nucleophilic displacement under Mitsunobu conditions, a Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation, a palladium(0)‐catalyzed <I>syn</I>‐selective ring opening of an epoxide by treatment with an azide, a one‐pot azide reductive lactamization, and a ruthenium‐catayzed oxidation were employed as the key steps.</P>
Glasco, D.M.,Sittaramane, V.,Bryant, W.,Fritzsch, B.,Sawant, A.,Paudyal, A.,Stewart, M.,Andre, P.,Cadete Vilhais-Neto, G.,Yang, Y.,Song, M.R.,Murdoch, J.N.,Chandrasekhar, A. Academic Press 2012 Developmental Biology Vol.369 No.2
During development, facial branchiomotor (FBM) neurons, which innervate muscles in the vertebrate head, migrate caudally and radially within the brainstem to form a motor nucleus at the pial surface. Several components of the Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, including the transmembrane protein Vangl2, regulate caudal migration of FBM neurons in zebrafish, but their roles in neuronal migration in mouse have not been investigated in detail. Therefore, we analyzed FBM neuron migration in mouse looptail (Lp) mutants, in which Vangl2 is inactivated. In Vangl2<SUP>Lp/+</SUP> and Vangl2<SUP>Lp/Lp</SUP> embryos, FBM neurons failed to migrate caudally from rhombomere (r) 4 into r6. Although caudal migration was largely blocked, many FBM neurons underwent normal radial migration to the pial surface of the neural tube. In addition, hindbrain patterning and FBM progenitor specification were intact, and FBM neurons did not transfate into other non-migratory neuron types, indicating a specific effect on caudal migration. Since loss-of-function in some zebrafish Wnt/PCP genes does not affect caudal migration of FBM neurons, we tested whether this was also the case in mouse. Embryos null for Ptk7, a regulator of PCP signaling, had severe defects in caudal migration of FBM neurons. However, FBM neurons migrated normally in Dishevelled (Dvl) ½ double mutants, and in zebrafish embryos with disrupted Dvl signaling, suggesting that Dvl function is essentially dispensable for FBM neuron caudal migration. Consistent with this, loss of Dvl2 function in Vangl2<SUP>Lp/+</SUP> embryos did not exacerbate the Vangl2<SUP>Lp/+</SUP> neuronal migration phenotype. These data indicate that caudal migration of FBM neurons is regulated by multiple components of the Wnt/PCP pathway, but, importantly, may not require Dishevelled function. Interestingly, genetic-interaction experiments suggest that rostral FBM neuron migration, which is normally suppressed, depends upon Dvl function.