Plasma Hormones, Blood Metabolites, Milk Yield and Composition in Early Lactation of Buffaloes Treated with Bromocryptine

Saha, A.,Singh, M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1998 Animal Bioscience Vol.11 No.4

The study was conducted on six multiparous Murrah buffaloes which were earlier artificially induced into lactation. During the experimental period of 15 days, buffaloes were managed in a loose housing system. All the buffaloes were administered a single injection of bromocryptine (@ $100{\mu}g/kg$ body weight) subcutaneously in the neck region at 08:30 A.M., 50 days postpartum (early lactation). Blood samples were collected from four buffaloes for a period of 5 days before the administration of bromocryptine i.e. on days -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, on day of treatment (day 0) and thereafter daily for a period of 9 days i.e 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 to determine the hormones and blood metabolites. Homogeneous milk samples from all the buffaloes were collected at morning and evening milkings on days coinciding with the days of blood sampling for analysis of milk constituents. Administration of bromocryptine resulted in a significant inhibition of plasma prolactin within 24 hrs of treatment, but the response in all the buffaloes was not uniform. The effect of bromocryptine on plasma prolactin hormone lasted for 1-4 days but Cortisol concentration were not altered. Administration of bromocryptine neither affected blood glucose nor plasma non-esterified fatty acids concentration. Irrespective of level of milk production from different buffaloes, there was no effect of bromocryptine on milk yield which indicated that prolactin is not required for milk secretion during early lactation in buffaloes. Milk constituents like fat, protein and lactose were not affected by bromocryptine may be due to no effect of bromocryptine of milk yield.

The correlation of meteorological parameters with grasshopper populations in Darjeeling

S. Nath,Srijit Bhattacharya,A. Rai,A. Saha 한국응용곤충학회 2010 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.13 No.4

Population dynamics of five different species of grasshopper were analyzed for the first time in Darjeeling (Lebong and Happy Valley) of the eastern Himalayan region of India. The study is based on the relationship between monthly samples collected using sweep nets for three years (March, 2005 to February, 2008) in relation to meteorological parameters (monthly average rainfall, monthly mean maximum and minimum temperatures). The population for each of the five species of grasshopper is plotted against the Aridity Ratio (A.R.). For all species, the population increases at lower A.R. values and then decreases exponentially at higher A.R. values. The exponentially decreasing part of the population is modeled using a simple formula. The monthly population of A. crenulata nymphs and adults in Lebong has also been modeled by iterative equations using A.R. and results compared satisfactorily with the sample data. These works show the possibility of forecasting grasshopper populations using a simple model and thereby easing the regulation process.

Isoelectronic Pt(ii)- and Au(iii)-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes: a structural and biological comparison

Rana, Bidyut Kumar,Mishra, Snehasis,Sarkar, Deblina,Mondal, Tapan Kumar,Seth, Saikat K.,Bertolasi, Valerio,Das Saha, Krishna,Bielawski, Christopher W.,Isab, Anvarhusein A.,Dinda, Joydev The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY Vol.42 No.13

<P>To elucidate the intrinsic biological activities displayed by platinum <I>versus</I> gold-based organometallic reagents, the isoelectronic and isostructural square planar complexes [Pt(C∩N)(C)Cl][PF6] (2) and [Au(C∩N)(C)Cl][PF6]2 (3), which are supported by a common N-heterocyclic carbene, 1-methyl-2-pyridin-2-yl-2<I>H</I>-imidazo[1,5-<I>a</I>]pyridin-4-ylidene (1), were synthesized. The complexes were characterized using a range of spectroscopic techniques as well as single crystal X-ray diffraction and a series of computational studies were also performed to gain additional insight into their fundamental electronic bonding structures. The cytotoxicities of the complexes were tested <I>in vitro</I> against non-small lung carcinoma (A549), colorectal carcinoma (HCT-116) and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines. The measured IC50 values showed that the Au(iii)-NHC complex is more potent than its Pt analogue.</P>

Molecular Dynamics Study on the Self-Assembled Monolayer Grown from a Droplet of Alkanethiol

Kim, Hyojeong,Saha, Joyanta K.,Zhang, Zhengqing,Jang, Jihye,Matin, Mohammad A.,Jang, Joonkyung American Chemical Society 2014 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.118 No.20

<P>Direct-write lithography, where a nanoscale tip or a stamp serves as a molecular source, is used widely to fabricate self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), nanometers in size. The spatially narrow deposition of molecules creates a droplet, which then spreads to form an ordered SAM. Currently, the dynamics and mechanism for this spreading are largely unknown. Herein, the evolution of a droplet of 1-octadecanethiol into a circular island of SAM, where the sulfur atoms and alkyl chains are densely and orderly packed, was examined by using molecular dynamics simulations. The packing of sulfur atoms preceded the alignment and packing of alkyl chains. The SAM islands resembled the bulk SAM, but it contained defects where the molecules were standing upside down on the surface. We found two mechanisms pertaining to the growth of a SAM island in the direct-write lithography. In the first mechanism, the molecules penetrated into the SAM islands by pushing away the molecules below. In the other mechanism, the molecules diffused, reached the periphery of the SAM islands, and slid down to the surface. The chemisorption of sulfur atoms made the present droplet spread more slowly than a droplet interacting nonspecifically with a surface. A droplet laterally moving across the surface was also simulated to gain insight into the growth of a SAM line. The alkyl chains of the SAM line were directed preferentially toward the line direction.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2014/jpccck.2014.118.issue-20/jp502707d/production/images/medium/jp-2014-02707d_0011.gif'></P>

A Study of Partial Carbonisation for the Development of Pitch Based Carbon Fibres

Aggarwal, R.K.,Bhatia, G.,Raman, V.,Saha, M.,Mishra, A. Korean Carbon Society 2004 Carbon Letters Vol.5 No.1

A study of partial carbonisation of green pitch fibres to temperatures in the range of 500-$1000^{\circ}C$ was carried out on three precursors - a neat pitch and two polymer modified pitches, with a view to find out a suitable temperature at which the fibres acquire considerably improved toughness or handleability (compared to that in the green stage) for their subsequent processing into carbon fibres. A partial carbonisation temperature of 500-$600^{\circ}C$ has been identified to result in a remarkable improvement in the toughness/handleability of the fibres in all the three cases. However, from techno-economical considerations, the neat pitch appears to provide the best precursor system for the production of pitch based carbon fibres.

A Study of Partial Carbonisation for the Development of Pitch Based Carbon Fibres

R.K. Aggarwal,G. Bhatia,V. Raman,M. Saha,A. Mishra 한국탄소학회 2004 Carbon Letters Vol.5 No.1

A study of partial carbonisation of green pitch fibres to temperatures in the range of 500-1000℃ was carried out on three precursors - a neat pitch and two polymer modified pitches, with a view to find out a suitable temperature at which the fibres acquire considerably improved toughness or handleability (compared to that in the green stage) for their subsequent processing into carbon fibres. A partial carbonisation temperature of 500-600℃ has been identified to result in a remarkable improvement in the toughness/handleability of the fibres in all the three cases. However, from techno-economical considerations, the neat pitch appears to provide the best precursor system for the production of pitch based carbon fibres.

Magnetoelectric effect in simple collinear antiferromagnetic spinels

Saha, Rana,Ghara, Somnath,Suard, Emmanuelle,Jang, Dong Hyun,Kim, Kee Hoon,Ter-Oganessian, N. V.,Sundaresan, A. American Physical Society 2016 Physical Review B Vol.94 No.1

<P>We report the discovery of the linear magnetoelectric effect in a family of spinel oxides, Co3O4 and MnB2O4 (B = Al, Ga) with simple collinear antiferromagnetic spin structure. An external magnetic field induces a dielectric anomaly at T-N, accompanied by the generation of electric polarization that varies linearly with magnetic field. Magnetization and magnetoelectric measurements on a single crystal of MnGa2O4 together with a phenomenological theory suggest that the easy axis direction is [111] with the corresponding magnetic symmetry R (3) over bar 'm'. The proposed theoretical model of single-ion contribution of magnetic ions located in a noncentrosymmetric crystal environment stands for a generic mechanism for observing magnetoelectric effects in these and other similar materials.</P>

Molecular Dynamics of Carbon Nanotubes Deposited on a Silicon Surface via Collision: Temperature Dependence

Saha, Leton C.,Mian, Shabeer A.,Kim, Hyo-Jeong,Saha, Joyanta K.,Matin, Mohammad A.,Jang, Joon-Kyung Korean Chemical Society 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.2

We investigated how temperature influences the structural and energetic dynamics of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) undergoing a high-speed impact with a Si (110) surface. By performing molecular dynamics simulations in the temperature range of 100 - 300 K, we found that a low temperature CNT ends up with a higher vibrational energy after collision than a high temperature CNT. The vibrational temperature of CNT increases by increasing the surface temperature. Overall, the structural and energy relaxation of low temperature CNTs are faster than those of high temperature CNTs.

Quantification of Karanjin, Tannin and Trypsin Inhibitors in Raw and Detoxified Expeller and Solvent Extracted Karanj (Pongamia glabra) Cake

Panda, A.K.,Sastry, V.R.B.,Kumar, A.,Saha, S.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.12

Despite being a rich source of protein (28-34%), karanj (Pongamia glabra) cake is found to be bitter in taste and toxic in nature owing to the presence of flavonoid (karanjin), tannin and trypsin inhibitor, thereby restricting its safe inclusion in poultry rations. Feeding of karanj cake at higher levels (>10%) adversely affected the growth performance of poultry due to the presence of these toxic factors. Therefore, efforts were made to detoxify karanj cake by various physico-chemical methods such as dry heat, water washing, pressure cooking, alkali and acid treatments and microbiological treatment with Sacchraromyces cerevisiae (strain S-49). The level of residual karanjin in raw and variously processed cake was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography and tannin and trypsin inhibitor was quantified by titrametric and colorimetric methods, respectively. The karanjin, tannin and trypsin inhibitor levels in such solvent and expeller pressed karanj cake were 0.132, 3.766 and 6.550 and 0.324, 3.172 and 8.513%, respectively. Pressure-cooking of solvent extracted karanj cake (SKC) substantially reduced the karanjin content at a cake:water ratio of 1:0.5 with 30-minute cooking. Among chemical methods, 1.5% (w/w) NaOH was very effective in reducing the karanjin content. $Ca(OH)_2$ treatment was also equally effective in karanjin reduction, but at a higher concentration of 3.0% (w/w). A similar trend was noticed with respect to treatment of expeller pressed karanj cake (EKC). Pressure cooking of EKC was effective in reducing the karanjin level of the cake. Among chemical methods alkali treatment [2% (w/w) NaOH] substantially reduced the karanjin levels of the cake. Other methods such as water washing, dry heat, HCl, glacial acetic acid, urea-ammoniation, combined acid and alkali, and microbiological treatments marginally reduced the karanjin concentration of SKC and EKC. Treatment of both SKC and EKC with 1.5% and 2.0% NaOH (w/w) was the most effective method in reducing the tannin content. Among the various methods of detoxification, dry heat, pressure cooking and microbiological treatment with Saccharomyces cerevisiae were substantially effective in reducing the trypsin inhibitor activity in both SKC and EKC. Based on reduction in karanjin, in addition to tannin and trypsin inhibitor activity, detoxification of SKC with either 1.5% NaOH or 3% $Ca(OH)_2$, w/w) and with 2% NaOH were more effective. Despite the effectiveness of pressure cooking in reducing the karanjin content, it could not be recommended for detoxification because of the practical difficulties in adopting the technology as well as for economic considerations.

Molecular Dynamics of Carbon Nanotubes Deposited on a Silicon Surface via Collision: Temperature Dependence

Leton C. Saha,Shabeer A. Mian,김효정,Mohammad A. Matin,Joyanta K. Saha,장준경 대한화학회 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.2

We investigated how temperature influences the structural and energetic dynamics of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) undergoing a high-speed impact with a Si (110) surface. By performing molecular dynamics simulations in the temperature range of 100 - 300 K, we found that a low temperature CNT ends up with a higher vibrational energy after collision than a high temperature CNT. The vibrational temperature of CNT increases by increasing the surface temperature. Overall, the structural and energy relaxation of low temperature CNTs are faster than those of high temperature CNTs.