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N-Acetylglycine Side Chain is Critical for the Antimicrobial Activity of Xanthostatin
KIM, SI-KWAN,UBUKATA, MAKOTO,ISONO, KIYOSHI 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2003 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.13 No.6
This study was carried out to elucidate the mode of bacteriostatic property of xanthostatin (XS), a novel depsipeptide antibiotic with an N-acetylglycine side chain and selective antimicrobial activity against Xanthomonas spp. Two biotransformed XSs were isolated by the treatment of XS with the cell lysate of Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri, a solvent partition. prepatative TLC, and HPLC. Structure determination of those two biotransformed XSs demonstrated deletion of the N-acetylglycine side chain. Notwworthily, they showed no antimicrobial activity against Xanthomonas spp. This result suggests that the N-acetylglycine side chain plays a criticla role in the antimicrobial activity of XS, and that the bacteriostatic porperty of XS is susceptibility of the easter bond between the hexadepsipeptide nucleus and the N-acetylglycine side chain to hydrolytic enzyme(s) produced by Xanthomonas spp.
국경지역 소수민족의 생존전략: 베트남 중부의 브루반큐 민족을 사례로
응엔틴민안 ( Trinh Minh Anh Nguyen ),김두철 ( Doo Chul Kim ),우부카타후미카즈 ( Fumikazu Ubukata ) 한국경제지리학회 2015 한국경제지리학회지 Vol.18 No.3
베트남의 소수민족 중 하나인 브루반큐 민족은 오랜 기간 동안 라오스와 국경을 이루는 산악지역에서 거주해 왔으며, 적어도 베트남전쟁이 끝날 무렵까지는 혈연관계에 기초한 무계급사회를 유지하면서 자급적 경제에 의존한 생활을 영위하여 왔다. 그러나 이러한 전통적 지리환경은 지난 몇 세기 동안 베트남의 국가형성과 경제정책에 의해 급격하게 변화되었다. 이 논문에서는 먼저 국경지역의 소수민족들이 외부적 경제환경 변화에 어떻게 적응하여 왔는가을 분석한다. 구체적으로는 브루반큐 민족의 생업 적응을 살펴봄으로써, 베트남 국경지역의 소수민족이 거대한 정치경제권력에 맞서거나 때로는 타협하는 과정에서 어떠한 생존전략을 구사하였는지를 고찰한다. 그 결과 이 논문에서는 브루반큐 민족이 그들의 사회문화적 관계를 최대한 지키기 위한 ‘일상적 저항’과, 다민족 경제주체들이 혼합된 새로운 경제 환경에 적응하기 위해 이러한 사회문화적 관계를 활용하는 전략을 동시에 구사하여 왔으며, 그 결과 그들 자신을 새로운 자원과 그 이용 가능성을 접목시켜 왔음을 밝혀 내었다. The Bru-Van Kieu, one of ethnic minorities in Vietnam, have lived in the mountainous area along the border with Laos for centuries. Approximately by the end of the Second Indochina War, the Bru-Van Kieu were still a kinship-based and non-stratified societal group relying mainly on subsistence economy. Their traditional physical geography, nonetheless, has been transformed vigorously during the last few decades as a result of state-formation processes and changes in macro-economic policies. The paper aims to examine how ethnic minority adapt their livelihood to challenges instigated by macro political and economic processes. By examining livelihood adaptation of the Bru-Van Kieu, the study also identifies strategies that ethnic minorities use to negotiate with more powerful political and economic forces. The authors argue that the Bru-Van Kieu have deployed a strategy combining everyday resistance to maintain their limited social and cultural agencies and utilizing of these agencies in economic adaptation with other cross-ethnic nonstate actors, enabling them to tap into new type of resources and opportunities.
Hydroxamic Acid Derivatives of Mycophenolic Acid Inhibit Histone Deacetylase at the Cellular Level
BATOVSKA, Daniela I.,KIM, Dong Hoon,MITSUHASHI, Shinya,CHO, Yoon Sun,KWON, Ho Jeong,UBUKATA, Makoto Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and A 2008 Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry Vol.72 No.10
<P>Mycophenolic acid (MPA, <B>1</B>), an inhibitor of IMP-dehydrogenase (IMPDH) and a latent PPARγ agonist, is used as an effective immunosuppressant for clinical transplantation and recently entered clinical trials in advanced multiple myeloma patients. On the other hand, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a non-specific histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, has been approved for treating cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. MPA seemed to bear a cap, a linker, and a weak metal-binding site as a latent inhibitor of HDAC. Therefore, the hydroxamic acid derivatives of mycophenolic acid having an effective metal-binding site, mycophenolic hydroxamic acid (MPHA, <B>2</B>), 7-<I>O</I>-acetyl mycophenolic acid (7-<I>O</I>-Ac MPHA, <B>3</B>), and 7-<I>O</I>-lauroyl mycophenolic hydroxamic acid (7-<I>O</I>-L MPHA, <B>4</B>) were designed and synthesized. All these compounds inhibited histone deacetylase with IC<SUB>50</SUB> values of 1, 0.9 and 0.5 μ<SMALL>M</SMALL>, and cell proliferation at concentrations of 2, 1.5 and 1 μ<SMALL>M</SMALL>, respectively.</P>