Bumper shape design for pedestrian safety

Tso-Liang Teng,Cho-Chung Liang,Tuan-Anh Vu 대한기계학회 2016 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.30 No.7

The main cause of leg injuries is the bumper during car-pedestrian accidents. Bumper geometry and bumper material have the greatest effect on pedestrian leg injury. The first objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of bumper shape on pedestrian leg injuries. This study uses three bumper shapes on three car models to evaluate the effects of bumper geometry on pedestrian leg injury: A Ford Taurus, Dodge Intrepid, and Dodge-Neon. Then, based on the results of the impact between legform and bumper, this study chooses the best bumper shape that results in the least injury to the pedestrian’s leg. The second objective of this study is to design a new bumper. Using some conclusions regarding the effects of bumper shape on the pedestrian leg injuries, a new pedestrian-friendly bumper was designed. This bumper satisfies EEVC/WG17 safety requirements regarding pedestrian leg injuries. The analyzed models and results obtained could help evaluate pedestrian friendliness of a vehicle and guide the future designing and development of pedestrian friendly vehicle technologies.

DEVELOPMENT AND ANALYSIS OF BUS WITH COMPOSITE-MATERIAL-REINFORCED FRAMES

Tso-Liang Teng,Cho-Chung Liang,Hui-Min Chu 한국자동차공학회 2022 International journal of automotive technology Vol.23 No.5

The bus frame structures suffer serious deformation or fracture and then damage the survival space of passengers. The superstructure of a bus is a frame member that supports the vehicle’s load and incorporates other parts for strength enhancement and impact absorption. Therefore, superstructures of bus play an essential role in protecting passengers in case of rollover accidents. Currently, the frames of large passenger vehicles are mostly manufactured using steel materials. The selection of a composite material that exhibits lightweight and outstanding structural strength has become an imperative topic in research on the reinforcement of large passenger vehicles’ frames. This study examined a vehicle frame reinforced using steel coated with composite materials. According to the relevant regulations in ECE R66 on the superstructure strength of large passenger vehicles, the LS-DYNA simulation was employed to perform structural analysis. A composite-materialreinforced frame was employed to simulate the crush test, thereby evaluating the effect of such reinforcement on enhancing the strength of vehicle frames. Finally, a rollover simulation test was performed according to ECE R66 on a vehicle whose entire frame was constituted by composite-material-reinforced steel. This study’s proposed vehicle frame material for design improvements can serve as references for manufacturers of large passenger vehicle bodies to improve the quality of their product development.

Impact of Sleep Dysfunction on Anorectal Motility in Healthy Humans

( Tso Tsai Liu ),( Chih Hsun Yi ),( Chien Lin Chen ),( William C Orr ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2011 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.17 No.2

Background/Aims Sleep dysfunction is associated with altered gastrointestinal function and subsequently exacerbations of gastrointestinal problems. We aimed to investigate whether sleep dysfunction would influence anorectal motility as determined by anorectal manometry. The effect of anxiety on anorectal motility was also determined. Methods A total of 24 healthy volunteers underwent anorectal manometry. The anorectal parameters included resting and squeeze sphincter pressure, sensory thresholds in response to balloon distension, sphincter length, rectal compliance, and rectoanal inhibitory reflex. Sleep dysfunction was subjectively assessed by using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Anxiety was assessed by the application of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaire. Results There were sixteen subjects without sleep dysfunction (7 women; mean age, 22 years) and eight subjects with sleep dysfunction (2 women; mean age, 22 years). There was no group difference in the volume threshold for rectoanal inhibitory reflux, rectal compliance or sphincter length (P = NS). Anal sphincter pressure did not differ between the groups (P = NS). The rectal sensitivity for different levels of stimulation did not differ between the groups (P = NS). Sleep quality as determined by PSQI correlated with rectal compliance (r = 0.66, P = 0.007). Although there was no differences in any manometric parameters between subjects with and without anxiety, the anxiety score correlated with rectal compliance (r = 0.57, P = 0.003). Conclusions Despite a positive association between rectal compliance and the level of subjective sleep or anxiety, sleep dysfunction did not apparently affect most of anorectal function in healthy subjects, nor did anxiety. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011;17:180-184)

Effect of design parameters on the anti-penetration properties of space armor

Tso-Liang Teng,Ta-Ming Shih,Cheng-Chung Lu 국제구조공학회 2008 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.28 No.6

New types of armor, including space armor, multiple-layered armor, composite armor and modular armor have been successfully developed and installed on the armored vehicles of several nations. The protective capability of armor against penetration is established. Of developed composite armor, space armor has a simple structure and is easy to produce and can be produced at low cost. This study uses the finite element package DYTRAN and the pre and post processor PNTRAN to elucidate the ballistic resistance and penetration of space armor. Factors such as armor thickness, space between armors and projectile profile are considered. A technique for simulating the protection afforded by armor and supporting the design of space armor is developed.

Design of pedestrian friendly vehicle bumper

Tso-Liang Teng,Van-Luc Ngo,Trong-Hai Nguyen 대한기계학회 2010 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.24 No.10

Car-pedestrian accidents take thousands of lives worldwide annually. Therefore, pedestrian protection is an important issue in traffic safety. How to consider a pedestrian friendliness vehicle and then propose pedestrian protection methods are urgent works for minimizing pedestrian injury. For designing a pedestrian friendly vehicle bumper, this study adopts the European Enhanced Vehicle-safety Committee/ Working Group 17 (EEVC/WG17) regulations of legform impactor to bumper tests. Analyzing the pedestrian friendliness of a vehicle bumper by using LS-DYNA is described in detail. Simulation results were analyzed to identify the reasons for the unfriendliness. Furthermore, the analysis of the influence of bumper structure on pedestrian leg was performed and then some guideline was suggested. The analyzed models and results obtained could help evaluate pedestrian friendliness of a vehicle and guide the future development of pedestrian friendly vehicle technologies.

Development and validation of a pedestrian deformable finite element model

Tso-Liang Teng,Trung-Kien Le 대한기계학회 2009 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.23 No.8

Pedestrian protection has become an increasingly important consideration in vehicle crash safety. Pedestrian-vehicle crashes cause a significant number of pedestrian fatalities and injuries globally. Computer models are powerful tools for understanding how to reduce the severity of injuries in such crashes. Real-world studies of pedestrians provide an important source of information for evaluating pedestrian model dynamic performance and ability to reconstruct injurycausing events. This study describes the validation process of deformable pedestrian model using published postmortem human subject (PMHS) trajectory and head resultant velocity corridors, and demonstrates its applicability to pedestrian - vehicle impact research. We implemented the deformable pedestrian model using LS-DYNA finite element code. Based on PMHS data, the pedestrian model is used to validate the displacement trajectories of the head, pelvis, knee and foot. The finite element pedestrian model thus obtained can help assess the friendliness of vehicles with pedestrians in traffic crashes and assist in the future development of pedestrian safety technologies.

Prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis Infection among Preschool Children in Kindergartens of Taipei City, Taiwan in 2008

Tso-Kang Chang,Chien-Wei Liao,Ying-Chieh Huang,Chun-Chao Chang,Chia-Mei Chou,Hsin-Chieh Tsay,Alice Huang,Shu-Fen Guu,Ting-Chang Kao,Chia-Kwung Fan 대한기생충학열대의학회 2009 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.47 No.2

Translation and Validation of the Chinese -Version of Job Embeddedness Scale

Tso-kuang.Wu,Hung-da Dai,Shu Yu 한국간호과학회 2023 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2023 No.11

Development and validation of FE models of impactor for pedestrian testing

Tso-Liang Teng,Trong-Hai Nguyen 대한기계학회 2008 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.22 No.9

Car-pedestrian accidents account for a considerable number of automobile accidents in industrialized countries. Safeguarding of pedestrians is taking on an increasingly important role in car design. Working Group 17 (WG17) of the European Enhanced Vehicle-safety Committee (EEVC) proposed four impactor models for assessing pedestrian friendliness of a vehicle. In this study, finite element models of adult headform, child headform, upper legform, and legform impactor of pedestrians were created by using LS-DYNA finite element code. The impactor structures follow the descriptions in the reports of WG17 specifications. Simulated certification tests were performed. Some materials were selected from different trademarks of the same kind of materials. The knee of the legform impactor was designed. The parameters of the springs and dampers were adjusted to satisfy the requirements. Results of simulated certification tests for the four impactors are within WG17 limit ranges. These finite element impactor models obtained herein can help evaluate the pedestrian friendliness of vehicle and guide the future development of pedestrian safety technologies.

Seismic Loading Requirements for Singapore Buildings

Pan Tso Chien 한국지진공학회 1998 한국지진공학회논문집 Vol.2 No.3

In this paper, the potential ground motion in terms of the peak ground accelerations(PGAs) due to long-distance Sumatra earthquakes is investigated for Singapore, following the probabilistic seismic hazard assessment a, pp.oach. The case investigated differs from a conventional one, in that few attenuation equations for long-distance major earthquakes are readily available. The attenuation relationships developed for other regions of the world are thus reviewed. It is found that the existing attenuation equations, when extrapolated to distant major earthquakes, tend to underestimate the PGAs. By comparing with the PGAs recorded over long distances at stations of the Japanese Meteorological Agency for major earthquakes in Japan, an attenuation equation is chosen for this study. With the chosen attenuation equation, the probability of PGAs exceeding selected levels for various exposure periods of time is then computed. The results show that at Singapore there is a 10% probability in 50 years for the PGA at rock sites to exceed 1.1% g. In view of the results and the associated uncertainties, a base shear coefficient of 1.5% is being recommended as the tentative seismic loading in Singapore. The tentative seismic loading reflects the design value of the notional horizontal load, equal to 1.5% of the characteristic building weigh as specified in the BS code, which usualy governs the design of most buildings in Singapors.