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Porcine Splenic Hydrolysate has Antioxidant Activity in vivo and in vitro
한규호,Kenichiro Shimada,Toru Hayakawa,Taek Joon Yoon,Michihiro Fukushima 한국축산식품학회 2014 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.34 No.3
The antioxidant capacity of porcine splenic hydrolysate (PSH) was studied in vitro and in vivo. Peptide hydrolysates wereprepared, using the proteolytic enzyme Alcalase®. The molecular weights of PSH were 37,666, 10,673, 6,029, and 2,918 g/mol. Rats were fed a 5% (w/v) PSH diet, instead of a casein diet, for 4 wk. The food intake, body weight gain, and liverweight of rats in the PSH group were similar to those in the control (CONT) group. There were no differences in the serumtotal cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, or albumin levels between PSH and CONT groups. However, the level of in vivohepatic lipid peroxidation in PSH group was significantly lower than that in CONT. In vivo hepatic catalase and glutathioneperoxidase activities in the PSH group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The in vitro protein digest-ibility of PSH was lower than that of casein. The in vitro trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity of PSH was significantlyhigher than that of the peptide hydrolysate from casein. The in vitro radical scavenging activities of PSH were significantlyhigher than those of the peptide hydrolysate from casein. The present findings suggest that porcine splenic peptides improvethe antioxidant status in rats by enhancing hepatic catalase and GSH-Px activities, and indicate a potential mechanism ofradical scavenging activity during gastrointestinal passage.
Porcine Splenic Hydrolysate has Antioxidant Activity in vivo and in vitro
Han, Kyu-Ho,Shimada, Kenichiro,Hayakawa, Toru,Yoon, Taek Joon,Fukushima, Michihiro Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2014 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.34 No.3
The antioxidant capacity of porcine splenic hydrolysate (PSH) was studied in vitro and in vivo. Peptide hydrolysates were prepared, using the proteolytic enzyme $Alcalase^{(R)}$. The molecular weights of PSH were 37,666, 10,673, 6,029, and 2,918 g/mol. Rats were fed a 5% (w/v) PSH diet, instead of a casein diet, for 4 wk. The food intake, body weight gain, and liver weight of rats in the PSH group were similar to those in the control (CONT) group. There were no differences in the serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, or albumin levels between PSH and CONT groups. However, the level of in vivo hepatic lipid peroxidation in PSH group was significantly lower than that in CONT. In vivo hepatic catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the PSH group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The in vitro protein digestibility of PSH was lower than that of casein. The in vitro trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity of PSH was significantly higher than that of the peptide hydrolysate from casein. The in vitro radical scavenging activities of PSH were significantly higher than those of the peptide hydrolysate from casein. The present findings suggest that porcine splenic peptides improve the antioxidant status in rats by enhancing hepatic catalase and GSH-Px activities, and indicate a potential mechanism of radical scavenging activity during gastrointestinal passage.
Numerical analysis of multi-parallelized swirling flow inside a circular pipe
Akimasa Takayama,Koki Kitagawa,Toru Shimada 대한기계학회 2015 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.29 No.3
The flow field of multi-parallelized swirling flow inside a circular pipe was investigated numerically. Two types of swirling flow configurationare considered. One type is the co-rotating type. Four co-rotating swirls are arranged at the vertex position of square in thistype. The other type is the counter-rotating type which consists of two pairs of swirls having opposite swirl rotations. Each pair is arrangeddiagonally at the vertex position of a square. By coupling the discrete vortex method and boundary element method, unsteadyflow simulation is performed. Swirl modeling with vortex elements is used in this simulation and its validity is confirmed. From thesimulation results, in the co-rotating type, the four swirls interact and their shape is deformed. Each vortex motion vanishes rapidly in thedownstream region. Finally, they are turned into a single swirling flow. In counter-rotating type, each vortex motion is maintained a littlebit longer than co-rotating type, and their shape is not so deformed. However, the flow patterns are changed completely in the downstreamregion. The swirling velocity of each swirl mostly vanishes. Finally, they are turned into an axial flow. For the investigation of themixing promoting effect due to parallelizing swirls, particle tracking simulations are performed in the co-rotating type and the counterrotatingtype. As a comparison, the simulation for single swirl flow is also performed. In these simulations, the particles are introduced inthe vicinity of pipe inner wall. In addition, the assumption that particles follow the flow motion absolutely is used. From the results, themotion of particles in these three cases is completely different. For the co-rotating and counter-rotating type, the particle entrainment intothe main axial flow is clearly observed. This indicates the mixing is improved compared to single swirl flow. The difference of particleentrainment motion between co-rotating and counter-rotating type is slight.
Koji Matsuo,Muneaki Shimada,Tsuyoshi Saito,Kazuhiro Takehara,Hideki Tokunaga,Yoh Watanabe,Yukiharu Todo,Kenichirou Morishige,Mikio Mikami,Toru Sugiyama 대한부인종양학회 2018 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.29 No.1
Objective: To examine the surgical-pathological predictors of para-aortic lymph node (PAN) metastasis at radical hysterectomy, and for PAN recurrence among women who did not undergo PAN dissection at radical hysterectomy. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of a nation-wide cohort study of surgically-treated stage IB–IIB cervical cancer (n=5,620). Multivariate models were used to identify independent surgical-pathological predictors for PAN metastasis/recurrence. Results: There were 120 (2.1%) cases of PAN metastasis at surgery with parametrial involvement (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=1.65), deep stromal invasion (aOR=2.61), ovarian metastasis (aOR=3.10), and pelvic nodal metastasis (single-node aOR=5.39 and multiple-node aOR=33.5, respectively) being independent risk factors (all, p<0.05). Without any risk factors, the incidence of PAN metastasis was 0.9%, while women exhibiting certain risk factor patterns (>20% of the study population) had PAN metastasis incidences of ≥4%. Among 4,663 clinically PAN-negative cases at surgery, PAN recurrence was seen in 195 (4.2%) cases that was significantly higher than histologically PAN-negative cases (2.5%, p=0.046). In clinically PAN-negative cases, parametrial involvement (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]=1.67), lympho-vascular space invasion (aHR=1.95), ovarian metastasis (aHR=2.60), and pelvic lymph node metastasis (single-node aHR=2.49 and multiple-node aHR=8.11, respectively) were independently associated with increased risk of PAN recurrence (all, p<0.05). Without any risk factors, 5-year PAN recurrence risk was 0.8%; however, women demonstrating certain risk factor patterns (>15% of the clinically PAN-negative population) had 5-year PAN recurrence risks being ≥8%. Conclusion: Surgical-pathological risk factors proposed in this study will be useful to identify women with increased risk of PAN metastasis/recurrence.
WonKyung Kang,Susumu Katsuma,Noriko Matsuda-Imai,Masaaki Kurihara,Toyoshi Yoshiga,Toru Shimada,Shogo Matsumoto 한국미생물학회 2012 The journal of microbiology Vol.50 No.3
The orf8 gene (Bm8) in Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is one of 17 genes unique to group I NPVs and is expressed as an early gene. We have reported that Bm8 may play an important role during viral infection and that Bm8 protein co-localized with IE1 to specific nuclear foci throughout infection. It was also demonstrated that both IE1 and BmNPV hr facilitate this localization of Bm8. To investigate further, host proteins interacting with Bm8 were screened using a yeast two-hybrid system. We identified 6 host clones as Bm8-interacting partners from three cDNA libraries derived from BmN cells or B. mori larvae. Further assays showed that the N-terminal region of Bm8 is important for the interaction with most host clones and that two of the clones can associate with IE1. Cloning and sequencing of full-length cDNAs revealed that most of the clones potentially encode either membrane-bound proteins or secreted proteins. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that some of these host genes were slightly induced during the early stage of infection in BmN cells, and that the expression of all genes was markedly reduced during the late stage of infection. Generation of mutant BmNPVs over-expressing these host genes also identified a gene that potentially functions as a negative factor during BmNPV infection. These features of Bm8-interacting host proteins strongly support that Bm8 is a multifunctional protein involved in multiple signaling pathways in host cells.
Design Optimization of Single-Stage Launch Vehicle Using Hybrid Rocket Engine
Kanazaki, Masahiro,Ariyairt, Atthaphon,Yoda, Hideyuki,Ito, Kazuma,Chiba, Kazuhisa,Kitagawa, Koki,Shimada, Toru The Society for Aerospace System Engineering 2015 International Journal of Aerospace System Engineer Vol.2 No.2
The multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) of a launch vehicle (LV) with a hybrid rocket engine (HRE) was carried out to investigate the ability of an HRE for a single-stage LV. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) was employed to solve two design problems. The design problems were formulated as two-objective cases involving maximization of the downrange distance over the target flight altitude and minimization of the gross weight, for two target altitudes: 50.0 km and 100.0 km. Each objective function was empirically estimated. Several non-dominated solutions were obtained using the NSGA-II for each design problem, and in each case, a trade-off was observed between the two objective functions. The results for the two design problem indicate that economical performance of the LV is limited with the HRE in terms of the maximum downrange distances achievable. The LV geometries determined from the non-dominated solutions were examined.