IGF-1 from Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes Radioresistance of Breast Cancer Cells

Yang, Hui-Ying,Qu, Rong-Mei,Lin, Xiao-Shan,Liu, Tong-Xin,Sun, Quan-Quan,Yang, Chun,Li, Xiao-Hong,Lu, Wei,Hu, Xiao-Fang,Dai, Jing-Xing,Yuan, Lin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.23

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) on radioresistance of breast cancer cells. Materials and Methods: MTT assays were used to detect any influence of AMSC supernatants on proliferation of breast cancer cells; cell migration assays were used to determine the effect of breast cancer cells on the recruitment of AMSCs; the cell survival fraction post-irradiation was assessed by clonogenic survival assay; ${\gamma}$-H2AX foci number post-irradiation was determined via fluorescence microscopy; and expression of IGF-1R was detected by Western blotting. Results: AMSC supernatants promoted proliferation and radioresistance of breast cancer cells. Breast cancer cells could recruit AMSCs, especially after irradiation. IGF-1 derived from AMSCs might be responsible for the radioresistance of breast cancer cells. Conclusions: Our results suggest that AMSCs in the tumor microenvironment may affect the outcome of radiotherapy for breast cancer in vitro.

Use of antibiotics and other treatments in Chinese adults with acute cough: An online survey

Xiao-yang Hu,Ru-yu Xia,Michael Moore,Beth Stuart,Wen Ling-Zi,Bertrand Graz,Lai Lily,Liu Jian-Ping,Yu-tong Fei,Merlin Willcox 한국한의학연구원 2023 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.12 No.1

Background: Acute respiratory tract infections are common worldwide and there has been a rapid in- crease in antibiotic consumption. This study aimed to identify use of various treatments and their as- sociation with the use of antibiotics and patient reported clinical recovery in Chinese adults with acute cough. Methods: An online survey recruiting people who had recently experienced cough was conducted. Their sociodemographic, clinical characteristics, treatments received and their perceived changes in symptoms were collected. Factors influencing avoidance of antibiotics and improvement in symptoms were explored. Results: A total of 22,787 adults with recent acute cough completed the questionnaire, covering all 34 province-level administrative units in China. Most respondents were male (68.0%), young (89.4%, aged 18–45), educated to university/degree or postgraduate level (44.6%), with a median cough severity of 6/10 on a numerical rating scale. Nearly half of the participants (46.4%) reported using antibiotics, among which 93.1% were for presumed upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). Pharmacies (48.8%) were the most common source of antibiotics. Fewer patients took antibiotics after taking CHM (14.9%), compared to those who started with home remedies (18.0%), or allopathic non-antibiotic medication (25.0%). An- tibiotics, allopathic non-antibiotic medications, CHM and home remedies were all perceived beneficial in relieving cough. Conclusions: Chinese adult responders report use of a considerable variety of treatments alone or in combination for acute cough. Patient-reported clinical recovery was similar regardless of treatment. There is likely a high proportion of inappropriate use of antibiotics for treatment of simple acute cough. As the majority of respondents did not use antibiotics as a first-line, and use of CHM was associated with relief of cough symptoms and reduction in the use of antibiotics, this presents an important opportunity for prudent antibiotic stewardship in China.

Heterojunction nanoarchitectonics with SnS2/g-C3N4 S-scheme toward enhanced photooxidation and photoreduction

Tong Song,Xiao Zhang,Quande Che,Ping Yang 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.113 No.-

Novel g-C3N4/SnS2 van der Waals heterojunctions were fabricated via SnS2 crystals embedded superiorthin g-C3N4 nanosheets for efficient photocatalytic oxidation and reduction activities simultaneously. S-scheme charge migration path was confirmed through test and density functional theory (DFT) calculation. Two dimensional (2D)/2D interfaces, powerful internal electric field (IEF) and band bending effecttogether expedited charge transfer. Photocatalytic removal of organic pollutants and hydrogen evolutionwere employed to evaluate photocatalytic performance. Particularly, the g-C3N4/SnS2 heterojunctionsexhibited excellent 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) photooxidation and Cr(VI) photoreduction activitiesat the same time. 85% of Cr(VI) and 94% of 2,4-DCP were removed in the mixed solution after visible lightirradiation for 2 h (k > 420 nm). The hydrogen evolution rate enhanced to 6.58 times of g-C3N4. DFT simulationmatched with test for narrowed band gap and enhanced IEF (accelerating photogenerated carriertransfer). This work provided new insights for constructing S-scheme multifunctional g-C3N4-basedphotocatalyst.

Stereo-digital image correlation in the behavior investigation of CFRP-steel composite members

Xiao-Yuan He,Yun-Tong Dai,Hai-Tao Wang,Tian-Yuan Ge,Gang Wu,Jian-Xiao Wan,Shuang-Yin Cao,Fu-Jun Yang 국제구조공학회 2017 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.23 No.6

The application of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) in steel structures primarily includes two categories, i.e., the bond-critical application and the contact-critical application. Debonding failure and buckling failure are the main failure modes for these two applications. Conventional electrometric techniques may not provide precise results because of the limitations associated with single-point contact measurements. A nondestructive full-field measurement technique is a valuable alternative to conventional methods. In this study, the digital image correlation (DIC) technique was adopted to investigate the bond behavior and buckling behavior of CFRP-steel composite members. The CFRP-to-steel bonded joint and the CFRPstrengthened square hollow section (SHS) steel column were tested to verify the suitability of the DIC technique. The stereo- DIC technique was utilized to measure continuous deformation. The bond-slip relationship of the CFRP-to-steel interface was derived using the DIC data. Additionally, a multi-camera DIC system consisting of four stereo-DIC subsystems was proposed and applied to the compressive test of CFRP-strengthened SHS steel column. The precise buckling location and CFRP delamination of the CFRP-strengthened SHS steel column were identified. The experimental results confirm that the stereo-DIC technique can provide effective measurements for investigating the behaviors of CFRP-steel composite members.

The characteristic analysis of the operational overvoltage caused by the vacuum circuit breakers on High-speed trains

Xiao Song,Tong Mengyuan,Rao Yang,Li Yuhang,Ye Zhizong,Shen Yixiang,Hou Hao,Gao Guoqiang,Wu Guangning,Jin Yaoyao,Zhou Jie,Liu Jie 대한전기학회 2022 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.17 No.1

Along with the operating velocity and traction power increasing continuously, the issue related to the safety and reliability of the high-voltage traction power system for high-speed trains have gradually been exposed during the practical service process. When the train passes a neutral section settled roughly per 15 km between two neighboring substations, the on-board vacuum circuit breaker (VCB) must to be operated for changing the input powers with diff erent phases. At the moment of switching on or off the VCB, the arc between the contacts in the arc-extinguishing chamber may be triggered, which tends to result in the operational overvoltage. Due to numerous inductances and capacitances existing in the traction power supply system, the overvoltage may lead to high-frequency electromagnetic oscillation spreading along the transmission routes. The on-board high-voltage equipments within the power supply system may suff er from the impulse brought from the VCB operational overvoltage frequently, which is possible to cause the insulation aging or breakdown issue. To investigate the characteristic of the operational overvoltage of VCBs, a ‘train-rail-catenary’ power supply model is built based on the measured impedance parameters, which has been verifi ed by the experimental tests. The generating mechanism with the infl uence factors of the operational overvoltage when switching on or off the VCB has been explored, meanwhile the distribution of the train body overvoltage on each carriage has also been presented.

Prevalence and Age, Gender and Geographical Area Distribution of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinomas in North China from 1985 to 2006

Feng, Xiao-Shan,Yang, Yan-Tong,Gao, She-Gan,Ru, Yi,Wang, Gong-Ping,Zhou, Bo,Wang, Yu-Feng,Zhang, Peng-Fei,Li, Pu-Yu,Liu, Yong-Xuan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.5

Objective: To establish the prevalence and distribution profile of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) over a 22-yr period in North China. Methods: Using endoscopy for primary diagnosis and histological analysis for the further confirmation, a total of 74,854 ESCC patients aged 20-89 between January 1985 and December 2006 were investigated to analyze the epidemiological profile including prevalence rates, distribution of age-of-onset, gender and geographical area of ESCC in Luoyang, the highest incidence area of North China. Results: A total of 4092 cases of ESCC were finally diagnosed among 74,854 patients who had their first endoscopies. The prevalence among males was higher than that among females (p<0.01), resulting in an overall male:female OR of 1.2 (95%CI, 1.2-1.3). The prevalence in rural areas was higher than in urban areas (p<0.01), resulting in an overall rural:urban OR of 2.6 (95%CI, 2.4-2.9). The rural:urban ORs and the 95% CI increased continuously from 2.6, 2.3-3.0 to 2.7, 2.2-3.3, respectively, for 4 consecutive periods during the 22-yr study period. Moreover, the median age of onset among females was higher than that among males (p<0.01). For both sexes and in both areas, the prevalence rates declined and the median age of onset rose for 4 consecutive periods in the 22-yrs time frame (p<0.01). Conculsions: These data reveal the epidemiological profile of ESCC in the area of North China, and suggest that urban areas and rural people account for a growing proportion of the ESCC patients although the prevalence of ESCC significantly declined and the median age-of-onset postponed over the 22-yrs period. Moreover, the prevalence status of ESCC in rural areas also underlines the need for public health initiatives aimed at reducing risk factors of this fatal disease.

Analgesic Activity of Myricetin Isolated from Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc. Leaves

Yan Tong,Xiao-Mian Zhou,Shu-Jun Wang,Yang Yang,Ying-Lin Cao 대한약학회 2009 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.32 No.4

Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc. leaves are commonly used as an astringent, antidiarrheic, and analgesics in folk medicine in China. In the present study, the analgesic activity of myricetin, a major compound in Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc. leaves was evaluated in vivo. The analgesic effect of myricetin was tested by a serial of models, such as acetic acid-induced writhing response, formalin-induced paw licking and hot plate test. The sedative activity was evaluated by pentobarbital-induced sleep time. Platelet aggregation induced by collagen and arachidonic acid was also performed in vitro. Myricetin showed a significant inhibition on chemical nociceptive models such as the acetic acid-induced writhing response and the licking time on the late phase in the formalin test in a dose-dependent manner, but did not manifest a signicant effect in hot plate test. Myricetin was also not able to increase the sleeping time induced by pentobarbital, which further indicated that the analgesic effect of myricetin was unrelated to sedation. In addition, myricetin inhibited the content of PGE2 in the peritoneal fluid and platelet aggregation induced by collagen and arachidonic acid in vitro. These results collectively demonstrated that myricetin possessed potent analgesic activity, which was related with peripheral analgesia, but, not with the opioid system. Myricetin may be a potent COX-1 inhibitor with anti-platelet activity.

Emerging Biomaterials for Tumor Immunotherapy

Minna Xiao,Qinglai Tang,Shiying Zeng,Qian Yang,Xinming Yang,Xinying Tong,Gangcai Zhu,Lanjie Lei,Shisheng Li 한국생체재료학회 2023 생체재료학회지 Vol.27 No.00

Background The immune system interacts with cancer cells in various intricate ways that can protect the individual from overproliferation of cancer cells; however, these interactions can also lead to malignancy. There has been a dramatic increase in the application of cancer immunotherapy in the last decade. However, low immunogenicity, poor specificity, weak presentation efficiency, and off-target side effects still limit its widespread application. Fortunately, advanced biomaterials effectively contribute immunotherapy and play an important role in cancer treatment, making it a research hotspot in the biomedical field. Main body This review discusses immunotherapies and the development of related biomaterials for application in the field. The review first summarizes the various types of tumor immunotherapy applicable in clinical practice as well as their underlying mechanisms. Further, it focuses on the types of biomaterials applied in immunotherapy and related research on metal nanomaterials, silicon nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, polymer nanoparticles, and cell membrane nanocarriers. Moreover, we introduce the preparation and processing technologies of these biomaterials (liposomes, microspheres, microneedles, and hydrogels) and summarize their mechanisms when applied to tumor immunotherapy. Finally, we discuss future advancements and shortcomings related to the application of biomaterials in tumor immunotherapy. Conclusion Research on biomaterial-based tumor immunotherapy is booming; however, several challenges remain to be overcome to transition from experimental research to clinical application. Biomaterials have been optimized continuously and nanotechnology has achieved continuous progression, ensuring the development of more efficient biomaterials, thereby providing a platform and opportunity for breakthroughs in tumor immunotherapy.

Four Apolipoprotein B gene polymorphisms and the risk for coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis of 47 studies

Dan Xiao,Kaisen Huang,Qingyong Chen,Baotao Huang,Wei Liu,Yong Peng,Mao Chen,Dejia Huang,Tong Zou,Jiefu Yang 한국유전학회 2015 Genes & Genomics Vol.37 No.7

Apolipoprotein B plays a central role in lipoprotein metabolism. Many studies have evaluated the association between Apolipoprotein B gene polymorphisms (XbaI, EcoRI, SpIns/Del, MspI) and the risk for coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. However, the results remain inconsistent, particularly among different populations. To more precisely determine the association between Apolipoprotein B gene polymorphisms and coronary artery disease/myocardial infarction risk, we performed a meta-analysis via a comprehensive search of electronic databases (up to February 1st, 2015), odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals were calculated using a fixed or random effect model. A total of 47 studies, with 9411 coronary artery disease/myocardial infarction cases and 9082 controls, were included in this meta-analysis. The combined results revealed significant associations between an increased risk of coronary artery disease/myocardial infarction and EcoRI (AA vs GG: OR 1.511, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.098, 2.078) and SpIns/Del (DD vs II: OR 1.331, 95 % CI 1.064, 1.665) alleles in the general population. In a subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity, the T allele of the XbaI variant was associated with a decreased risk in Caucasians, whereas it was associated with an increased risk among the East Asian population. No significant correlation was detected between the A allele of the MspI variant and the coronary artery disease/myocardial infarction risk in either the general population or any ethnic subgroup. The results of our study suggest that Apolipoprotein B gene polymorphisms may affect the coronary artery disease/myocardial infarction susceptibility and these effects may display notable discrepancies among different populations.

Silencing of COX-2 by RNAi Modulates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer Cells Partially Dependent on the PGE₂ Cascade

Cao, Juan,Yang, Xiao,Li, Wen-Tong,Zhao, Chun-Ling,Lv, Shi-Jun Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.22

In order to prove whether downregulation of COX-2 (Cyclooxygenase-2) could modulate the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of breast cancer, celecoxib and siRNA were respectively used to inhibit COX-2 function and expression in MDA-MB-231 cells. The EMT reversal effect in the RNAi treated group was better than that of the celecoxib group while there were no obvious differences in the medium $PGE_2$ levels between the two groups. The results show that COX-2 pathways may contribute considerably to EMT of breast cancer cells, partially dependent on the PGE2 cascade. Akt2, ZEB2 and Snail were measured to clarify the underlying mechanisms of COX-2 on EMT; COX-2 may modulate EMT of breast cancer by regulating these factors. This finding may be helpful to elucidate the mechanisms of selective COX-2 inhibitor action in EMT modulation in breast cancer.