연구논문 : 만성 바이러스간질환에서 간섬유화의 다양한 비침습 혈청표지자검사의 비교

김선민 ( Sun Min Kim ),손주현 ( Joo Hyun Sohn ),김태엽 ( Tae Yeob Kim ),노영욱 ( Young Wook Roh ),은창수 ( Chang Soo Eun ),전용철 ( Yong Cheol Jeon ),한동수 ( Dong Soo Han ),오영하 ( Young Ha Oh ) 대한간학회 2009 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.15 No.4

목적: 만성 바이러스간질환에서 병의 경과와 예후를 평가하고 치료반응을 예측함에 있어 간섬유화의 진단은 중요하다. 최근 간섬유화 평가에 표준방법이지만 침습적 간생검을 대신하여 여러 가지 비침습적 진단법이 이용되고 있고, 또한 새로운 검사법들이 개발되고 있다. 저자들은 만성 B형 및 C형간염 환자를 대상으로 임상에서 광범위하게 흔히 시행하는 혈액검사와 임상 소견을 이용한 아래와 같은 진단법들만으로 간섬유화를 얼마나 정확하게 평가할 수 있는지 알아보고, 단일 검사로 간섬유화를 평가하는 데 유용하다고 알려져 있는 hyaluronic acid(HA)와 IV형 콜라겐 농도와 비교하여 그 임상적 유용성을 평가하였다. 대상과 방법: 2002년 3월부터 2007년 2월까지 만성 바이러스간 질환으로 간생검을 시행받은 225명의 환자(HBV 180명, HCV 43명, HBV+HCV 2명)를 대상으로 분석하였다. 간생검을 시행하는 날에 말초혈액검사, 혈액응고검사, 혈청생화학검사를 시행하고, 혈중 HA, IV형 콜라겐 농도를 측정하였다. 간섬유화의 정도는 F0(섬유화가 없음), F1(문맥역 섬유화), F2(문맥주변부 섬유화), F3(섬유성 격막) 및 F4(간경변증)의 4단계로 구분하였다. 대상 환자를 F0-1, F2-4 혹은 F0-2, F3-4의 두 집단으로 분류하여 두 집단을 구분하고자 할 때 AAR(AST/ALT ratio), API(age-platelet index), APRI(AST to platelet index), CDS(cirrhosis discriminant score), platelet count, HA, IV형 콜라겐의 예측능을 area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC)값을 이용하여 비교하였다. 결과: 대상환자의 섬유화의 단계는 F0 집단은 17명, F1 집단은 40명, F2 집단은 61명, F3 집단은 74명, F4 집단은 33명이었다. 의미 있는 간섬유화를 F2 이상으로 판단할 때, 의미 있는 섬유화의 예측에 대한 AUROC 값은 APRI=0.822, CDS=0.776, platelet count=0.773, API=0.756, HA=0.749, IV형 콜라겐=0.718, AAR=0.642 순이었고, F3 이상의 광범위한 섬유화 예측에 대한 AUROC값은 CDS=0.835, platelet count=0.795, API=0.794, HA=0.766, AAR=0.711, IV형 콜라겐=0.697, APRI=0.691 순으로 관찰되었다. 결론: 만성 바이러스간질환에서 간섬유화를 평가하는 데 임상 소견 및 혈액검사를 이용한 방법들이 비침습적 진단법 중 단독 검사로도 유용한 것으로 알려져 있는 혈중 HA와 IV형 콜라겐 농도와 비교하여 우월하거나 대등하였다. 특히 APRI는 다른 인자들에 비해 F2 이상의 의미 있는 섬유화를 예측하는 데 가장 유용하였고, CDS는 F3 이상의 광범위한 섬유화를 예측하는 데 가장 유용하였다. Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the clinical performances of noninvasive serum markers for the prediction of liver fibrosis in chronic viral liver diseases. Methods: We analyzed a total of 225 patients with chronic viral liver diseases (180 with hepatitis B virus, 43 with hepatitis C virus, and 2 with hepatitis B+C virus) who underwent a liver biopsy procedure at the Hanyang University Guri Hospital between March 2002 and February 2007. Serum was also obtained at the time of liver biopsy. Liver fibrosis was staged according to the scoring system proposed by the Korean Study Group for the Pathology of Digestive Diseases. Various noninvasive serum markers were evaluated, including the aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio (AAR), age-platelet (AP) index, AST/platelet ratio index (APRI), cirrhosis discriminant score (CDS), platelet count, hyaluronic acid (HA), and type IV collagen. Results: There were 17, 40, 61, 74, and 33 patients at stages F0, F1, F2, F3, and F4, respectively. The overall diagnostic accuracies of each marker, as determined by the area under receiver operating characteristics curves, were APRI=0.822, CDS=0.776, platelet count=0.773, AP index=0.756, HA=0.749, type IV collagen=0.718, and AAR=0.642 for predicting significant fibrosis (≥F2); and CDS=0.835, platelet count=0.795, AP index=0.794, HA=0.766, AAR=0.711, type IV collagen=0.697, and APRI=0.691 for predicting extensive fibrosis (≥F3). Conclusions: Conclusions: All noninvasive serum markers evaluated in this study were useful for predicting significant or extensive liver fibrosis in chronic viral liver diseases. In particular, APRI was most useful for the prediction of significant fibrosis, and CDS was most useful for the prediction of extensive fibrosis. (Korean J Hepatol 2009;15:454-463)

The Comparisional Analysis of Colostrum Protein between the First and Third Days after Calving using Proteomic Analysis

Woo Tae Ha1,Hyun Jung Park,Won-Young Lee,Ha Yeon Jeong,Hyuk Song 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2017 Reproductive & Developmental Biology(Supplement) Vol.41 No.2

The colostrum proteins are an important energy source for newborns and improves their innate immune system. Recently, there are many interest about beneficial factors in colostrum to health and many products using colostrum are attentive into dietary supplements in global industry. The aim of this study was to compare the enriched proteins between the colostrum from the first and the third day after calving using proteomic analysis and to analyze which enriched protein will be useful to industry of dietary supplements. In this study, cows in the experimental group were fed a standard composition of feed for 12 months, after which we collected the colostrum on the first and the third day after calving. By comparison between the first and the third day colostrum, several factors, including beta-lactoglobulin, fibrinogen gamma-B chain, complement C3, zinc-alpha-2 glycoprotein, bP47 protein, beta casein, and alpha-S2 casein were enriched in the third day colostrum, whereas immunoglobulin gamma 1 and beta- casein A2 were enriched in the first day colostrum. The results suggest that the colostrum composition depends on time and the first day colostrum is important to establish the primary specific immune system, whereas the third day colostrum might regulate the non-specific immune system and increase nutrition using casein and the third day colostrum might be useful dietary products for supporting the immune system.

Regeneration of Bovine Mammary Gland in Immunodeficient Mice by Transplantation of Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells mixed with Matrigel

Woo Tae Ha1,Hyun Jung Park,Won-Young Lee,Ha Yeon Jeong,Hyuk Song 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2017 Reproductive & Developmental Biology(Supplement) Vol.41 No.2

With the global demand for dairy protein for consumption growing annually, there has been increasing activity in the research field of dairy protein synthesis and production. From a manipulation perspective, it is more difficult to use live cattle for laboratory studies on the production of milk as well as of dairy protein such as casein, as compared with using laboratory animals like rodents. Therefore, we aimed to develop a mouse model of bovine mammary alveolar ducts for laboratory-scale studies. We studied the formation of the bovine mammary gland ductal structure by transplanting the MAC-T bovine alveolar cell line into mice. MAC-T cells (1×107) were suspended in Matrigel and injected into the dorsal tissue of 8-week-old male BALB/C nude mice. Histological analysis of tissue dissected from the MAC-T cell-transplanted mice after 6 weeks showed the typical morphology of the tubuloalveolar female gland, as well as glands made up of branching ducts that were surrounded by smooth muscle with small alveoli budding off the ducts. In addition, the epithelial markers CK14 and CK18 were expressed within the duct-like structure. Prolactin was detected in the duct interior in these CK14+ and CK18+ cells but not in the non-transplanted MAC-T cells. These results showed that duct-like tissue had been successfully formed after 6 weeks of transplantation of the CK14+ and CK18+ MAC-T cells into mice dorsal tissue. This mouse model will be a useful tool for further research on the bovine mammary gland.

고착협 내탈립 기계수확 적응 장류⋅두부용 콩 품종 ‘새금’

김현태(Hyun Tae Kim),한원영(Won Young Han),이병원(Byung Won Lee),고종민(Jong Min Ko),이영훈(Yeong Hoon Lee),백인열(In Youl Baek),윤홍태(Hong Tai Yun),하태정(Tae Joung Ha),최만수(Man Soo Choi),강범규(Beom Kyu Kang),김현영(Hyun Yeong K 한국육종학회 2019 한국육종학회지 Vol.51 No.4

The soybean cultivar, ‘Saegeum’, has been developed for preparing soy-paste and tofu. The soybean cultivars ‘Daepung’ and ‘SS98207-3SSD-168’ were crossed in 2003 to obtain ‘Saegeum’. Single seed descent method was used to advance the generation from F3 to F5, and the plant lines with promising traits were selected from F6 to F7 by pedigree method. The preliminary yield (PYT) and advanced yield trials (AYT) were conducted from 2009 to 2010, and the regional yield trial (RYT) was conducted in 12 regions between 2011 and 2013. The morphological characteristics of ‘Saegeum’ were as follows: determinate plant type, white flower, tawny pubescence color, and brown pod color. Flowering and maturity dates were August 2, XXXX and October 17, XXXX, respectively. Plant height, first pod height, number of nodes, number of branches, and number of pods were 79 cm, 18 cm, 16, 2.3, and 44, respectively. The seed characteristics of ‘Saegeum’ were as follows: yellow spherical shape, yellow hilum, and the 100-seed weight was 25.4 g. ‘Saegeum’ was resistant to bacterial pustule and SMV in the field test, and its lodging resistance was mildly strong, whereas its shattering resistance was excellent. The ability of this cultivar to be processed into tofu, soybean malt, and other fermented products was comparable with that of ‘Daewonkong’. The yield of ‘Saegeum’ in the adaptable regions was 3.02 ton ha-1. Thus, ‘Saegeum’ is adaptable to mechanized harvesting because of its high first pod height, as well as lodging and shattering resistance. (Registration number: 5929)

너비 및 높이 변화에 따른 일반형 자연환기 벤틸레이터 배기유량 산정

하현철,김태형 한국산업위생학회 2003 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.13 No.1

As a strategy of natural ventilation, the standard type of general gravity ventilator can be installed on the roof of an industrial building. The modified shape of ventilator with different width and/or height ratio was often used for improving ventilation efficiency and assuring structural safety concem. Although the ventilation rates could ve affected by different ventilator width and/ of height, the design data of appropriate ventilation rate have not been established yet. In this study, the ventilation rates of both standard and modified gravity ventilator were thus estimated for the purpose ofcomparison of ventilation dfficiencies. For the standard gravity ventilator, the factorial combinations of 4 parameters( 3 wind directions, 6 wind speeds, 5temperature differences and 3 ventilator neck widths) which consist of 270 cases. were simulated. Additionally, for the modified gravity ventilator, the factorial combinations of 5 parameters (3 wimd directions, 5wind speeds, 9 temperature differences, 3 ventilaor neck widths and 2 modified ventilator heights) which result in 270 caces, were simulated. A commercially available CFD code, FLUENT(Ver. 6. 0) package, was used to estimate the ventilation rates numerically. it was found from the thorough analyses that the ventilation performance were enhanced as ① wind direction is close to the latitudinal direction of industrial building, ② wind speed increases. ③ the temperature difference between the exterior and interior of a building increases and ④ ventilator neck is wider. The flow rate of low height ventilator is lower than that of standard height ventilator while the flow rate of taller ventilator was not increased proportionally. Therefore, standard ventilator is more suitable than modified ventilator for effective and safe ventilation.

개별처방식수업(IPI)모형을 적용한 웹기반 학습 및 평가시스템의 설계 및 구현 : Focusing on computer study at middle school

하태현,이복자 한국컴퓨터교육학회 2004 컴퓨터교육학회 논문지 Vol.7 No.1

본 연구에서 제안하는 시스템은 기존의 웹기반에서의 문제운행 시스템원리인 학습내용전개→문제제공→평가결과를 제시하는 수준에서 탈피한 IPI(Individually Prescribed Instruction: 개별처방식 수업)를 적용한 개별완전학습을 목표로 설계 구현한 것이다. 개별완전학습을 하기 위하여 먼저 선수학습의 진단평가가 이루어지며 이에 따라 학생들 각자에 맞는 학습을 하게 된다. 또한 학생들마다 수업 목표에 도달하는 시간이 다르기 때문에 하나의 단원을 완전학습하기 전에는 다음 단원으로 학습이 진행될 수 없다. 따라서 학습의 성취도를 측정하기위해 각 단원의 학습 뒤에 평가가 이루어지며 평가결과 80%이상의 성취수준을 보이면 다음 단원의 학습으로 계속 진행이 이루어지고, 80%미만의 성취수준을 보이면 다음단원으로의 진행이 제한되고 개인별 보충학습이 이루어진다. 여기서 보충학습은 학습자가 완전히 학습하지 못한 학습에 대한 수준별 처방 학습이다. 따라서 본 연구는 개별처방식 수업의 완전학습에 그 목표를 두고 선수학습 결손을 방지하고 개인적 능력에 따라 피드백 학습을 하여 완전학습 목표에 도달할 수 있도록 시스템을 설계 및 구현하였다. This study aims to design and implement individual complete learning system based on IPI(Individually Prescribed Instruction) model. Most of current web based learning systems do not consider individual students’ ability and just follow the sequence of instructing contents → providing problems → presenting the result of evaluating. However, this system focuses on individual ability prior to studying subjects. In individual complete learning system, it is acknowledged that a period and a pace to complete each task will differ from students to students, therefore until they complete the whole unit, they are not allowed to move onto the next unit. After completing each unit, there will be a process of evaluating students’ performance. It is necessary to show the correct completion of 80% of the evaluation to move onto next step; for those who are evaluated as inadequate to move on, an individual supplementary instruction will be provided. Therefore, this study intends to supplement the deficit of prior learning and provide feedback dependent on individual’s learning ability so that the goal of Individual Whole Complete Learning could be accomplished.

정보활용기술 발전에 따른 효과적 사이버 교육을 위한 설계 및 구현의 차이에 대한 연구

하태현,강정화 한국컴퓨터교육학회 2003 컴퓨터교육학회 논문지 Vol.6 No.4

이 연구는 다양한 개발 방법을 통해 효과적인 사이버 교육 프로그램을 찾는 것을 주목적으로 한다. ‘다양한 방법’의 접근은 어떤 전달 기술 (Delivery Technology)에 의해서 사이버 교육이 이루어 지고 있는가에 따라서 분류되었다. 제 1 세대에서 사용한 기술로써는 문자, Flash 그리고 애니메이션 이며, 제 2 세대와 제 3 세대에서는 동영상 비디오와 오디오 등 멀티미디어 기술을 사용하였으나 다만 비디오 클립에서 강의 되는 학습전달방법이 다르다. 평가결과 3 세대 기술을 이용한 방법이 가장 효과적인 학습 전달 기술로 평가되고 있다. 그러나 여기에서 사용한 멀티미디어를 이용한 학습 전달 방법은 개발에 드는 많은 비용 뿐만이 아니라 학습자에게도 네트워크의 전송속도가 빠른 최신의 컴퓨터를 필요로 한다. 그러므로 사이버 교육을 위한 멀티미디어를 이용한 프로그램 개발과 아울러 전송 속도 등과 같은 기술적인 개발도 이루어져야 한다고 생각한다. This study is aimed to develop and evaluate different approaches for cyber education. The project involved the development of sample cyber education programs using different design approaches, with built-in evaluation mechanisms. The different design approaches depend on what delivery technologies are involved. In the First Generation, the delivery technologies use text, flash and animation, whereas the synchronized content to video and audio are used in the Second and the Third Generations but the difference is the delivery method used by the videoclip. Tests were carried out through self-assessment to measure and analyze the efficient teaching. The results show that the Third generation technologies were the most effective method for cyber education. However, since the Third generation program is developed in multimedia, it tends to require higher development costs, and more advanced hardware and software as well as a higher bandwidth for network. Therefore, the research indicates that the development of technical supports, like loading speed, has to be solved simultaneously with the development of multimedia products for effective cyber education.

치조골 복합골절의 정복고정시 탈구치아의 치근관을 통한 배농술의 효과

유재하,김현실,유태민,이지웅,김종배 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 2002 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.24 No.5

Treatment of compound alveolar bone fracture consists of reduction and fixation with wound closure of soft tissue laceration. For the proper reduction and fixation, interosseous wiring or splinting of the involved teeth are applied during about 4 weeks. But wound infection around the fracture site may be occurred, because of the presence of devitalized tissues(pulp, bone and soft tissue), residual hematoma and anergy effect of trauma stress. The wound infection results in bone resorption, pulp degeneration and necrosis, wound dehiscence and soft tissue necrosis around the fracture site. Therefore, if the infection will be expected, early proper drainage should be established via the fracture site and root canal of the luxated teeth. The authors treated two cases of compound alveolar bone fracture by the rubber drainage in the fracture site and the endodontic drainage by open canal of the luxated teeth, with the usual reduction and fixation by use of arch bar and resin. The prognosis was more favorable without wound infection, bone resorption, teeth mobility and specific root resorption.

等誘電性 2成分溶媒系에서 鹽化알킬카르보닐의 加알코올 分解反應

柳俊夏,金良姬,成大東,朴現錫,嚴泰燮 東亞大學校 1990 東亞論叢 Vol.27 No.1

The nucleophilic substitution reactions of alkanecarbonyl chlorides with alchohols in the polar aprotic solventls have been studied by means of the conductimerical method. The results are as follows; 1. The order of magnitude of the second-order rate constants in the same substrate is acetyl carbonyl chloride>propionyl choride>X-valeryl iso-vareryl chloride. This is in full accord with the inductive effect by means of the polarizability effect that is due to connect with the σ-bond of alkyl radical to neigboring atom. 2. The reactionis proceeded through the S2 reaction mechanism from the analysis of the values of m and ℓwhich are obtained from the extended Grunwald-Winstein equation. 3. From the prediction on the More O'Ferrall plot the reaction mechanism is favored to the SN route. 4. As shown in the quantum mechanical model, the reaction mechanism is shown to favor an associative S2. 5. The reaction mechanism is in accord with an associative S2 reaction mechanism in consideration of the solvent effect exactly.

Henoch-Schomlein자반증 환아에서 신침범의 위험인자 분석

구현회,하태선 대한신장학회 2003 대한신장학회잡지 Vol.22 No.6