한국 밀식사과원의 정지전정에 따른 수체생장과 생산성 및 경영효율 비교

정혜웅,김경훈,송태영,홍성일,한호균,김귀권,신종협,여덕환,김병철,박준권,Jung, H.W.,Kim, K.H.,Song, T.Y.,Hong, S.I.,Han, H.K.,Kim, K.K.,Shin, J.H.,Yeo, D.H.,Kim, B.C.,Park, J.K. 국립한국농수산대학교 교육개발센터 2017 현장농업연구지 = Journal of practical agricultural resear Vol.19 No.1

The present study conducted a comparison on tree growth and productivity of high-density apple orchards by several orchard management systems: making scaffolds by heading-back and thinning out pruning (T-1), maintaining scaffolds upward and bearing shoots downward (T-2), managing branches slightly upward without heading-back (T-3), keeping leaders downward and shoots pending (T-4), maintaining leaders high and branches horizontal with severe pinching (T-5), making leaders with lower branches vigorous and upper shoots pending (T-6), and controlling very high planting density with bending branches (T-7). In conclusion, the orchards of (T-5) and (T-6) management systems showed a superior performance in controlling tree growth, productivity, and quality of fruits. Also, superior management efficiency was obtained in the orchards of (T-5) and (T-6).

Chemical Bath Deposition 방법으로 제작한 CdSe 박막의 특성

홍광준,이상열,유상하,서상석,문종대,신영진,정태수,신현길,김택성,송정훈,유기수 全北大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1994 基礎科學 Vol.16 No.-

Chemical bath deposition 방법으로 다결정 CdSe 박막을 세라믹 기판 위에 성장시킨 다음 온도를 변화시켜 열처리하고 X-선 회절무늬를 측정하여 결정구조를 밝혔다. 450℃로 열처리한 시료가 X-선 회절무늬로 부터 외삽법에 의해 a_o와 c_o 는 각각 4.302 Å과 7.014 Å인 육방정계임을 알았다. 이 때 낱알크기는 약 0.3㎛이었다. Van der Pauw 방법으로 Hall 효과를 측정하여 운반자 농도와 이동도의 온도의존성을 연구하였다. 이동도는 33 K 에서 200 K 까지는 압전산란에 의하여, 200 k 에서 293 K 까지는 극성광학산란에 의하여 감소하는 경향이 나타냈다. 광전도 셀의 특성으로 스텍트럼 응답, 감도(γ), 최대허용소비전력 및 응답 시간을 측정하였다. Polycrystalline CdSe thin films were grown on creamic substrate using a chemical bath deposition (CBD) method. They were annealed at various temperature and X-ray diffraction patterns were measured by X-ray diffractometer in order to study CdSe polycrystal structure. Using extrapolation method of X-ray diffraction patterns for the CdSe samples annealed in N_2 gas at 450℃ it was found hexagonal structure whose lattice parameters a_o and c_o were 4.302 Å and 7.014 Å, respectively. It grain size was about 0.3 ㎛. Hall effect on this sample was measured by Van der Pauw method and studied on carrier density and mobility depending on temperature. From Hall data, the mobility was likely to be decreased by piezo electric scattering at temperature range of 33 K and 200 K, and by polar optical potical scattering at temperature range of 200 K and 293 K. We measured also spectral response, sensitivily (γ), maximum allowable power dissipation and response time on these samples.

CBD 방법에 의한 CdS 박막의 성장과 광전도 특성

황광준,이상열,유상하,서상석,문종대,신영진,정태수,신현길,김택성,송정훈,유기수 全北大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1994 基礎科學 Vol.16 No.-

Chemical bath deposition 방법으로 다결정 CdS 박막을 세라믹 기판 위에 성장시킨 다음 온도를 변화시켜 열처리하고 X-선 회절무늬를 측정하여 결정구조를 밝혔다. 550℃로 열처리한 시료의 경우 X-선 회절무늬로 부터 외삽법에 의해 a_。와 c_。는 각각 4.1364 Å과 6.7129 Å인 육방정계임을 알았다. 이 때 낱알크기는 약 0.35㎛이었다. Van der Pauw 방법으로 Hall 효과를 측정하여 운반자 농도와 이동도의 온도의존성을 연구하였다. 이동도는 33 K 에서 150 K 까지는 압전산란에 의하여, 150 K 에서 293 K 까지는 극성광학산란에 의하여 감소하는 경향이 나타냈다. 광전도 셀의 특성으로 스텍트럼 응답, 감도(γ), 최대허용소비전력 및 응답 시간을 측정하였다. Polycrystalline CdS thin films were grown on creamic substrate using a chemical bath deposition method. They were annealed at various temperature and X-ray diffraction patterns were measured by X-ray diffractometer in order to study CdS polycrystal structure. Using extrapolation method of X-ray diffraction patterns for the CdS samples annealed in N_2 gas at 550℃ it was found hexagonal structure whose lattice constants a_o and c_o were 4.1364 Å and 6.7120Å, respectively. Its grain size was about 0.35 ㎛. Hall effect on this sample was measured by Van der Pauw method and studied on carrier density and mobility depending on temperature. From Hall data, the mobility was likely to be decreased by piezo electric scattering at temperature range of 33K and 150K and by polar optical scattering at temperature range of 150K and 293K. We measured also spectral response, sensitivity (γ), maximum allowable power dissipation and response time on these samples.

PET 영상의 잡음개선을 위한 적응적 공간 필터 개발

우상근,최용,임기천,송태용,정진호,이경한,김상은,최연성,박장춘,김병태,Woo, S. K.,Choi, Y.,Im, K. C.,Song, T. Y.,Jung, J. H.,Lee, K. H.,Kim, S. E.,Choe, Y. S.,Park, C. C.,Kim, B. T. 대한의용생체공학회 2002 의공학회지 Vol.23 No.3

양전자방출단층촬영기(Positron emission tomography, PET) 영상 개선을 위하여 적응적 공간 필터를 개발하였으며. 개발한 필터의 성능을 시뮬레이션데이터. 모형 PET 영상과 환자 PET 영상을 이용하여 평가하였다. 경계화소로 검출된 화소와 윈도우내의 모든 화소값이 동일한 화소는 보존하고. 그 외 화소에 대하여 2:7:2 비율로 가중치를 주어 정열한 후 중앙의 9개 화소에 대한 평균값으로 대치하였다. 경계화소를 검출하기 위하여 두 개의 임계값(TH7, TH2)을 이용하였으며. 다음의 조건을 만족하면 경계화소로 판단하였다 . THl ($pix_max{\times}0.1/log_2(NPM)$, NPM :주변값중 최상위 값과 최하위 값을 제외한 주변값들의 평균) 보다 작은 ADs (중앙값과 주변값의 차에 대한 절대값) 개수는 8-k이고. TH2 ($NPM{\times}0.1$) 보다 큰 ADs 개수는 k. 여기서 k는 2, 3 ‥‥ 6의 값을 가진다 성능평가 결과 이 연구에서 제안한 필터가 가우시안 필터, 가중메디안 필터, 부분집합평균메디안 필터 등과 비교하여 우수한 성능을 제공하는 것을 관찰하였다. 본 논문에서 개발한 간단한 적응적 공간 필터는 공간 분해능 저하는 최소화하면서 균일도와 대조도를 향상시키는데 효과적 이여서 정확한 PET 영상 해석에 기여할 것으로 기대된다 A spatially adaptive falter was formulated to imrove PET image qualify and the Performance of the filter was evaluated using simulation and phantom and human PET studies. In the proposed filter. if a pixel was identified as the edge Pixel, the Pixel value was Preserved. Otherwise a Pixel was replaced by the mean of the pixel values weighted by 2:7: 2. A Pixel was identified as the edge Pixel. if it satisfies the following conditions : the number of ADs (absolute difference between center and neighborhood pixels) which is smaller than THl (($pix_max{\times}0.1/log_2(NPM)$, NPM : mean of 6 neighborhood pixels excluding minimum and maximum) is 8-k and the number of ADs which is lager than TH2 ($NPM{\times}0.1$) is k. where k : 2, 3, …, 6. The results of this study demonstrate the superior performance of the Proposed titter compared to Gaussian fitter, weight median filter and subset averaged median filter. The proposed tittering method is simple but effective in increasing uniformity and contrast with minimal degradation of spatial resolution of PET images and thus. is expected to Provide improved diagnositc quality PET images .

Comparison of HVOF Thermal Spray Coatings of T800 and WC-Co Powders

T. Y. Cho,J. H. Yoon,K. S. Kim,N. K. Baek,K. O. Song,S. J. Youn,S. Y. Hwang,H. G. Chun 한국표면공학회 2006 한국표면공학회지 Vol.39 No.6

Hard chrome plating has been used in surface hard coating over 50 years both for applying hard coating and re-building of worn components. Hard chrome plating solution and mist pollute environment with very toxic Cr??(hex-Cr) known as carcinogen which causes lung cancer. High velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spray coatings of WC base cermet and Co-alloy powders are the most promising candidates for the replacement of the traditional hard chrome plating. Surface properties, wear, and friction behaviors of micron size Co-alloy (T800) and micron size WC-12Co (WC-Co) have been studied for the application as hard coatings. The temperature dependence of wear and friction behaviors of T800 and WC-Co have been investigated at the temperature of 25℃ and 538℃ for the application to high speed spindle.

Friction Behavior of High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) Thermal Spray Coating Layer of Nano WC-Co Powder

T.Y. Cho,J.H. Yoon,K.S. Kim,W. Fang,Y.K. Joo,K.O. Song,S.J. Youn,S.Y. Hwang,H.G. Chun 한국표면공학회 2007 한국표면공학회지 Vol.40 No.4

High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) thermal spray coating of nano size WC-Co powder (nWC-Co) has been studied as one of the most promising candidate for the possible replacement of the traditional hard plating in some area which causes environmental and health problems. nWC-Co powder was coated on Inconel 718 substrates by HVOF technique. The optimal coating process obtained from the best surface properties such as hardness and porosity is the process of oxygen flow rate (FR) 38 FMR, hydrogen FR 57 FMR and feed rate 35 g/min at spray distance 6 inch for both surface temperature 25℃ and 500℃. In coating process a small portion of hard WC decomposes to less hard W₂C, Wand C at the temperature higher than its decomposition temperature 1,250°C resulting in hardness decrease and porosity increase. Friction coefficient increases with increasing coating surface temperature from 0.55-0.64 at 25℃ to 0.65-0.76 at 500℃ due to the increase of adhesion between coating and counter sliding surface. Hardness of nWC-Co is higher or comparable to those of other hard coatings, such as A1₂O₃, Cr, Cr₂O₃ and HVOF Tribaloy 400 (T400). This shows that nWC-Co is recommendable for durability improvement coating on machine components such as high speed spindle.

염료공장의 톨루이딘 슬폰산 공정폐수와 종합폐수의 생물학적 처리

송승구,주승팔,이민규,박태주 한국화학공학회 1988 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.26 No.2

염료공장의 고농도 유기성 폐수인 Toluidine Sulfonic Acid(TSA) 공정폐수의 희석처리도 실험과 TSA 공정폐수와 공장전체 폐수를 혼합한 종합폐수의 처리도 실험을 행하였다. TSA 공정폐수의 응집처리는 pH가 6.5일 때 황산알루미늄 300㎎/ℓ 주입으로 약 40%의 COD 제거 효과를 나타내었다. TSA 공정폐수와 종합폐수를 완전혼합 활성슬럿지 공법으로 처리한 결과, 폭기시간 86시간 이상, F/M비 0.074㎏BOD/㎏MLSS/day 이하에서 68% 및 88% 이상의 COD 및 BOD 제거율을 얻었으며, 이 실험조건에서 동력학적 계수, k, K_s, Y, K_d의 값은 각각 0.174-0.453day^(-1), 68.8-152.6㎎/ℓ, 0.445-0.653 및 0.0022-0.0075day^(-1)의 범위로 나타났다. An laboratory-scale experiment was carried out to determine the characteristics and treatability of toluidine sulfonic acid (TSA) process wastewater and combined wastewater in a dye plant. Chemical treatment with aluminium sulfate, 300 ㎎/ℓ at pH 6.5 showed about 40% COD removal efficiency. With a completely-mixed-activated-sludge (CMAS) unit, the removal efficiencies of BOD_5 and COD were achieved more than 88% and 66%, respectively, at aeration time longer than 86 hours, that corresponded to the F/M ratio below 0.074 ㎏BOD/㎏MLSS/day. Design parameters, such as k, K_s, Y and K_d applied to CMAS mathematical equations were found as the range of 0.174-0.452 day^(-1), 68.8-152.6 ㎎/ℓ, 0.445-0.653 and 0.0022-0.0075 day^(-1), respectively.

Thermal and Electrical Stabilities of Solid Nitrogen (SN2) Cooled YBCO Coated Conductors for HTS Magnet Applications

Song, J B,Kim, K J,Kim, K L,Lee, J H,Kim, H M,Lee, G H,Chang, H M,Park, D K,Ko, T K,Lee, H G IEEE 2010 IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity Vol.20 No.3

<P>Recently, a cooling system using a solid cryogen such as solid nitrogen (SN2), was introduced for high temperature superconducting (HTS) magnet applications. In order to apply the SN2 cooling system successfully to HTS applications, it is essential to obtain sufficient data regarding the characteristics of the SN2-cooled YBCO-coated conductor (CC), including the thermal and electrical properties. Therefore, this study examined the effect of SN2 on the thermal/electrical stability of YBCO CC tape. The SN2 was produced by conduction cooling using a GM-cryocooler and cooled to 58 K. The voltages and temperatures of the YBCO CC tapes were measured while applying an over-current. The results showed that the thermal and electrical stability of the YBCO CC tape were improved considerably in the SN2 cooling system compared to that in the conduction cooling system.</P>

Normal Zone Initiation and Propagation Characteristics of a Solid Nitrogen Cooled GdBCO Racetrack Pancake Coil

Song, J. B.,Kim, K. L.,Yang, D. G.,Jang, J. Y.,Ko, T. K.,Ahn, M. C.,Lee, H. G. IEEE 2012 IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity Vol.22 No.3

<P>This paper presents quench test results, of both experiment and simulation, of a racetrack pancake coil wound with a GdBCO-coated conductor tape in a solid nitrogen (SN2) cooling system at 58 K. The longitudinal normal zone propagation velocities in the curved section were 2 times faster than those in the straight section. Therefore, the straight section should be protected more than the curved section when using racetrack-type, GdBCO pancake coils in large-scale rotating machines. The simulated results showed good agreement with the experimentally observed normal zone initiation times.</P>

Live attenuated nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus vaccine provides broad cross protection against new variant strains.

Lim, T-H,Kim, M-S,Jang, J-H,Lee, D-H,Park, J-K,Youn, H-N,Lee, J-B,Park, S-Y,Choi, I-S,Song, C-S Poultry Science Association, etc 2012 Poultry science Vol.91 No.1

<P>Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infections cause great economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide, and the emergence of new variant strains complicates disease control. The present study investigated the genetic and protectotypic features of newly emerged Korean IBV strains. A phylogenetic analysis showed that several recent isolates formed 2 different clusters (new cluster 1 and 2), which were distinct from other preexisting clusters. New cluster 1 IBV strains represented recombinants between Korean nephropathogenic strain KM91 and the QXIBV strain. New cluster 2 IBV strains showed low amino acid homology (<58.7%) compared with previous isolates. We evaluated the protective efficacy of commercial IBV vaccines (H120 and K2 strain) against these new isolates. In cross-protection studies, the H120 strain did not provide sufficient protection against these variants. However, highly attenuated nephropathogenic IBV vaccine, K2 strain, provided significantly higher levels of protection against variants compared with chickens vaccinated with H120 (P < 0.05 or better). These results indicate that the K2 vaccine could be helpful for the reduction of economic losses caused by newly evolving IBV recombinants (new cluster 1) and variants (new cluster 2).</P>