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A multiply split femoral nerve and psoas quartus muscle
T. L. Wong,Shogo Kikuta,Joe Iwanaga,R. Shane Tubbs 대한해부학회 2019 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.52 No.2
The femoral nerve is the largest branch of the lumbar plexus. It is normally composed of the ventral rami of spinal nerves L2 to L4. The psoas major has proximal attachments onto the T12 to L5 vertebrae and related intervertebral discs, fuses with the iliacus deep to the inguinal ligament and then attaches onto the lesser trochanter of the femur. Normally, the anatomical relationship is that the femoral nerve is located between the iliacus and psoas major. Herein, we report a case of the psoas quartus muscle related to several splits of the femoral nerve within the pelvis. Although the embryology for this is unclear, surgeons and physicians should be aware of such anatomical variants in order to better understand pain and entrapment syndromes and during surgical maneuvers in this region such as lateral transpsoas approaches to the lumbar spine.
T.T. Liu,Y.L. Xu,W.S. Zhang,K.Y. Wong,H.J. Zhou,K.W.Y. Chan 한국풍공학회 2009 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.12 No.6
Structural health monitoring (SHM) systems have been recently embraced in long span cablesupported bridges, in which buffeting-induced stress monitoring is one of the tasks to ensure the safety of the bridge under strong winds. In line with this task, this paper presents a SHM-oriented finite element model (FEM) for the Tsing Ma suspension bridge in Hong Kong so that stresses/strains in important bridge components can be directly computed and compared with measured ones. A numerical procedure for buffeting induced stress analysis of the bridge based on the established FEM is then presented. Significant improvements of the present procedure are that the effects of the spatial distribution of both buffeting forces and self-excited forces on the bridge deck structure are taken into account and the local structural behaviour linked to strain/stress, which is prone to cause local damage, are estimated directly. The field measurement data including wind, acceleration and stress recorded by the wind and structural health monitoring system (WASHMS) installed on the bridge during Typhoon York are analyzed and compared with the numerical results. The results show that the proposed procedure has advantages over the typical equivalent beam finite element models.
Liu, T.T.,Xu, Y.L.,Zhang, W.S.,Wong, K.Y.,Zhou, H.J.,Chan, K.W.Y. Techno-Press 2009 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.12 No.6
Structural health monitoring (SHM) systems have been recently embraced in long span cable-supported bridges, in which buffeting-induced stress monitoring is one of the tasks to ensure the safety of the bridge under strong winds. In line with this task, this paper presents a SHM-oriented finite element model (FEM) for the Tsing Ma suspension bridge in Hong Kong so that stresses/strains in important bridge components can be directly computed and compared with measured ones. A numerical procedure for buffeting induced stress analysis of the bridge based on the established FEM is then presented. Significant improvements of the present procedure are that the effects of the spatial distribution of both buffeting forces and self-excited forces on the bridge deck structure are taken into account and the local structural behaviour linked to strain/stress, which is prone to cause local damage, are estimated directly. The field measurement data including wind, acceleration and stress recorded by the wind and structural health monitoring system (WASHMS) installed on the bridge during Typhoon York are analyzed and compared with the numerical results. The results show that the proposed procedure has advantages over the typical equivalent beam finite element models.
Physical properties of giant molecular clouds in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Hughes, A.,Wong, T.,Ott, J.,Muller, E.,Pineda, J. L.,Mizuno, Y.,Bernard, J.-P.,Paradis, D.,Maddison, S.,Reach, W. T.,Staveley-Smith, L.,Kawamura, A.,Meixner, M.,Kim, S.,Onishi, T.,Mizuno, N.,Fukui, Y. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Vol.406 No.3
<P>ABSTRACT</P><P>The Magellanic Mopra Assessment (MAGMA) is a high angular resolution <SUP>12</SUP>CO (<I>J</I>= 1 → 0) mapping survey of giant molecular clouds (GMCs) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and Small Magellanic Cloud using the Mopra Telescope. Here we report on the basic physical properties of 125 GMCs in the LMC that have been surveyed to date. The observed clouds exhibit scaling relations that are similar to those determined for Galactic GMCs, although LMC clouds have narrower linewidths and lower CO luminosities than Galactic clouds of a similar size. The average mass surface density of the LMC clouds is 50 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> pc<SUP>−2</SUP>, approximately half that of GMCs in the inner Milky Way. We compare the properties of GMCs with and without signs of massive star formation, finding that non-star-forming GMCs have lower peak CO brightness than star-forming GMCs. We compare the properties of GMCs with estimates for local interstellar conditions: specifically, we investigate the H <SMALL>I</SMALL> column density, radiation field, stellar mass surface density and the external pressure. Very few cloud properties demonstrate a clear dependence on the environment; the exceptions are significant positive correlations between (i) the H <SMALL>I</SMALL> column density and the GMC velocity dispersion, (ii) the stellar mass surface density and the average peak CO brightness and (iii) the stellar mass surface density and the CO surface brightness. The molecular mass surface density of GMCs without signs of massive star formation shows no dependence on the local radiation field, which is inconsistent with the photoionization-regulated star formation theory proposed by McKee. We find some evidence that the mass surface density of the MAGMA clouds increases with the interstellar pressure, as proposed by Elmegreen, but the detailed predictions of this model are not fulfilled once estimates for the local radiation field, metallicity and GMC envelope mass are taken into account.</P>
Energy level alignment of blended organic semiconductors and electrodes at the interface
T.J. Whitcher,W.S. Wong,A.N. Talik,K.L. Woon,A. Rusydi,N. Chanlek,H. Nakajima,T. Saisopa,P. Songsiriritthigul 한국물리학회 2018 Current Applied Physics Vol.18 No.9
The energy level alignment of a blended mixture of organic semiconductors is often depicted as having a common vacuum level. However, this is not a universal phenomenon among the vast number of organic semiconductors that currently exist, as in many cases the energy levels align via the Fermi level. In this report, the energy level alignments of the mixtures; poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) and 2,7-bis(diphenylphosphoryl)-9,9′- spirobifluorene (SPPO13) and poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) and SPPO13, with varying SPPO13 concentrations, are measured. It was found that the blended systems exhibit two different vacuum levels with the dipole between the PVK and SPPO13 increasing with the SPPO13 concentration, whilst the P3HT and SPPO13 vacuum levels only experience a small change. This is attributed to the decreasing electronic screening with increasing SPPO13 concentration. These new observations have an important implication in our understanding of interfacial behaviour for blended systems commonly used in various organic electronic devices.
An Indoor Prototype Framework for Recognition of Activities of Daily Life
B. T. Lau,M. L. D. Wong,U. Naeem,S. W. Lee 한국재활복지공학회 2013 한국재활복지공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.10
The emergence of state-of-the-art of smartphones, wireless sensors, wearable sensors and wireless local area networks(WLAN) have made remote real time caring for children with special needs feasible. However, the integration of data from these different sensors for real time caring of various users and contexts remains a challenge. This research proposes a prototype framework, which consists of multiple sensors and communication protocols for real time caring of such community. The preliminary framework was evaluated in two experiments and obtained some useful findings. For future work, a dedicated wireless wearable sensor coupled with wireless RFID sensor and transponders for low cost seamless indoor caring framework will be developed for the children with special needs.
Structural, chemical and electronic differences between bare and nitrogen‑doped carbon nanoparticles
H. L. Lee,K. L. Woon,S. Tan,W. S. Wong,A. Ariffin,N. Chanlek,H. Nakajima,T. Saisopa,P. Songsiriritthigul 한국탄소학회 2019 Carbon Letters Vol.29 No.3
Comparisons between bare carbon (CPs) and nitrogen-doped carbon nanoparticles (N-CPs) synthesised using hydrothermal reaction are carried out. It was found that hydrothermal reaction of citric acid yields graphene-like sheets, while the nitrogen doping using ethylenediamine resulted in amorphous polymeric ball-like hydrocarbons devoid of any aromatic rings. Although the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicate the presence of carbon–carbon double bonds (C=C), and the ground states of both materials are very deep (> 7.8 eV) as measured by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. This indicates the conjugation is very short. This is supported by the fact that both materials are UV blue emitting peaking at 375 nm probably originating from C=C.