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Physical properties of giant molecular clouds in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Hughes, A.,Wong, T.,Ott, J.,Muller, E.,Pineda, J. L.,Mizuno, Y.,Bernard, J.-P.,Paradis, D.,Maddison, S.,Reach, W. T.,Staveley-Smith, L.,Kawamura, A.,Meixner, M.,Kim, S.,Onishi, T.,Mizuno, N.,Fukui, Y. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Vol.406 No.3
<P>ABSTRACT</P><P>The Magellanic Mopra Assessment (MAGMA) is a high angular resolution <SUP>12</SUP>CO (<I>J</I>= 1 → 0) mapping survey of giant molecular clouds (GMCs) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and Small Magellanic Cloud using the Mopra Telescope. Here we report on the basic physical properties of 125 GMCs in the LMC that have been surveyed to date. The observed clouds exhibit scaling relations that are similar to those determined for Galactic GMCs, although LMC clouds have narrower linewidths and lower CO luminosities than Galactic clouds of a similar size. The average mass surface density of the LMC clouds is 50 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> pc<SUP>−2</SUP>, approximately half that of GMCs in the inner Milky Way. We compare the properties of GMCs with and without signs of massive star formation, finding that non-star-forming GMCs have lower peak CO brightness than star-forming GMCs. We compare the properties of GMCs with estimates for local interstellar conditions: specifically, we investigate the H <SMALL>I</SMALL> column density, radiation field, stellar mass surface density and the external pressure. Very few cloud properties demonstrate a clear dependence on the environment; the exceptions are significant positive correlations between (i) the H <SMALL>I</SMALL> column density and the GMC velocity dispersion, (ii) the stellar mass surface density and the average peak CO brightness and (iii) the stellar mass surface density and the CO surface brightness. The molecular mass surface density of GMCs without signs of massive star formation shows no dependence on the local radiation field, which is inconsistent with the photoionization-regulated star formation theory proposed by McKee. We find some evidence that the mass surface density of the MAGMA clouds increases with the interstellar pressure, as proposed by Elmegreen, but the detailed predictions of this model are not fulfilled once estimates for the local radiation field, metallicity and GMC envelope mass are taken into account.</P>
Sintering behavior and characteristic of bio-based hydroxyapatite coating deposited on titanium
M. A. Roudan,S. Ramesh,Y.H. Wong,H. Chandran,S. Krishnasamy,W.D. Teng,L.T. Bang 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2017 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.18 No.9
Deposition of hydroxyapatite derived from bio-waste eggshell on titanium substrate via electrophoretic deposition method andthe thermal stability of the resulting coating were investigated. The coated substrates was sintered at different temperatures ranging from 900 oC to 1100 oC in argon atmosphere prior to characterisation. The results indicated that a crack-free HA coating layer having an average thickness of 20 µm was successfully deposited at the optimum temperature of 1050 oC. The XRD analysis indicated that the sintered coated substrates was fully HA phase and was stable up to 1050 oC, with Ca/P ratioof 1.67. The SEM results showed that good bonding was achieved between the HA coating and the Ti substrate. There was also no secondary phase formation at the joint interface. This study demonstrate the viability of using electrophoretic deposition method to coat a thin layer of bio-based HA onto titanium without disrupting the biocompatibility nature of the HA phase.
Klement, M.,Zheng, J.,Liu, C.,Tan, H.L.,Wong, V.V.T.,Choo, A.B.H.,Lee, D.Y.,Ow, D.S.W. Elsevier Science Publishers 2017 Journal of biotechnology Vol.243 No.-
Antibody fragments have shown targeted specificity to their antigens, but only modest tissue retention times in vivo and in vitro. Multimerization has been used as a protein engineering tool to increase the number of binding units and thereby enhance the efficacy and retention time of antibody fragments. In this work, we explored the effects of valency using a series of self-assembling polypeptides based on the GCN4 leucine zipper multimerization domain fused to a single-chain variable fragment via an antibody upper hinge sequence. Four engineered antibody fragments with a valency from one to four antigen-binding units of a cytotoxic monoclonal antibody 84 against human embryonic stem cells (hESC) were constructed. We hypothesized that higher cytotoxicity would be observed for fragments with increased valency. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the trimeric and tetrameric engineered antibody fragments resulted in the highest degree of cytotoxicity to the undifferentiated hESC, while the engineered antibody fragments were observed to have improved tissue penetration into cell clusters. Thus, a trade off was made for the trimeric versus tetrameric fragment due to improved tissue penetration. These results have direct implications for antibody-mediated removal of undifferentiated hESC during regenerative medicine and cell therapy.
S.M. Kwa,S. Ramesh,L.T. Bang,Y.H. Wong,W.J. Kelvin Chew,C.Y. Tan,J. Purbolaksono,H. Misran,W.D. Teng 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2015 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.16 No.2
The sintering of yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP) is commonly carried at a predefined temperature using a long holding time of 2 hours. This often has resulted in grain coarsening which affects the mechanical properties of the sintered body and low temperature degradation (LTD) behaviour of the ceramic when exposed to moist environment. In this research, the effect of using a short holding time of 1 min. during sintering coupled with small amounts (0.5 and 1 wt%) of manganese oxide, MnO2 as dopant on the mechanical properties and LTD behaviour of 3 mol% Y-TZP were investigated. The results showed that the mechanical properties improved significantly with the addition of 0.5 wt% MnO2 for the 1-min. and 12-min. holding time samples when compared to 2 hours holding time sintered at the same temperature of 1350 ℃. Nevertheless, regardless of the holding time employed, the 1 wt% MnO2 addition was not effective in improving the mechanical properties and ageing resistance of Y-TZP ceramic.
An Indoor Prototype Framework for Recognition of Activities of Daily Life
B. T. Lau,M. L. D. Wong,U. Naeem,S. W. Lee 한국재활복지공학회 2013 한국재활복지공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.10
The emergence of state-of-the-art of smartphones, wireless sensors, wearable sensors and wireless local area networks(WLAN) have made remote real time caring for children with special needs feasible. However, the integration of data from these different sensors for real time caring of various users and contexts remains a challenge. This research proposes a prototype framework, which consists of multiple sensors and communication protocols for real time caring of such community. The preliminary framework was evaluated in two experiments and obtained some useful findings. For future work, a dedicated wireless wearable sensor coupled with wireless RFID sensor and transponders for low cost seamless indoor caring framework will be developed for the children with special needs.
Translatome analysis of CHO cells to identify key growth genes
Courtes, F.C.,Lin, J.,Lim, H.L.,Ng, S.W.,Wong, N.S.C.,Koh, G.,Vardy, L.,Yap, M.G.S.,Loo, B.,Lee, D.Y. Elsevier Science Publishers 2013 Journal of biotechnology Vol.167 No.3
We report the first investigation of translational efficiency on a global scale, also known as translatome, of a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) DG44 cell line producing monoclonal antibodies (mAb). The translatome data was generated via combined use of high resolution and streamlined polysome profiling technology and proprietary Nimblegen microarrays probing for more than 13K annotated CHO-specific genes. The distribution of ribosome loading during the exponential growth phase revealed the translational activity corresponding to the maximal growth rate, thus allowing us to identify stably and highly translated genes encoding heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (Hnrnpc and Hnrnpa2b1), protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 (Prc1), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6pdh), UTP6 small subunit processome (Utp6) and RuvB-like protein 1 (Ruvbl1) as potential key players for cellular growth. Moreover, correlation analysis between transcriptome and translatome data sets showed that transcript level and translation efficiency were uncoupled for 95% of investigated genes, suggesting the implication of translational control mechanisms such as the mTOR pathway. Thus, the current translatome analysis platform offers new insights into gene expression in CHO cell cultures by bridging the gap between transcriptome and proteome data, which will enable researchers of the bioprocessing field to prioritize in high-potential candidate genes and to devise optimal strategies for cell engineering toward improving culture performance.
Weak screening of a large dipolar molecule adsorbed on graphene
Kong, Lingmei,Perez Medina, G.J.,Coló,n Santana, J.A.,Wong, F.,Bonilla, M.,Coló,n Amill, D.A.,Rosa, L.G.,Routaboul, L.,Braunstein, P.,Doudin, B.,Lee, Chang-Mook,Choi, Jaewu,Xiao, Jie,Dowbe Elsevier 2012 Carbon Vol.50 No.5
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>We compare the electronic structure of a quinonoid zwitterionic type molecule adsorbed on both gold and graphene on copper substrates. This (6<I>Z</I>)-4-(butylamino)-6-(butyliminio)-3-oxocyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-olate, C<SUB>6</SUB>H<SUB>2</SUB>(⋯_NHR)<SUB>2</SUB>(⋯_O)<SUB>2</SUB> where R=<I>n-</I>C<SUB>4</SUB>H<SUB>9</SUB>, film is made of small molecules with a large intrinsic dipole of 10Debyes. We find that the photoemission and inverse photoemission final states are well screened for these dipolar molecules on gold. This is not observed when they are adsorbed on graphene on copper. This weaker screening results in a larger highest occupied molecular orbital to lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gap for the molecules on graphene.</P>