Age-related changes in hematological and biochemical profiles of Wistar rats

Suresh Patel,Satish Patel,Ashvin Kotadiya,Samir Patel,Bhavesh Shrimali,Nikita Joshi,Tushar Patel,Harshida Trivedi,Jitendra Patel,Amit Joharapurkar,Mukul Jain 한국실험동물학회 2024 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.40 No.1

Background: Wistar rats are extensively used as the model for assessing toxicity and efficacy in preclinical research. Hematological and biochemical laboratory data are essential for evaluating specific variations in the physiological and functional profile of a laboratory animal. Establishing hematological and biochemical reference values for Wistar (han) rats at various age intervals was the goal of this work. Male and female Wistar rats (n = 660) of ages 6–8 weeks, 10–14 weeks and > 6 months were used in the experiment. Blood and serum were collected from these rats under fasting conditions. Results: We observed that the majority of hematological and biochemical parameters were significantly influenced by sex and age. Hematological changes were significantly correlated to aging were increased red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, neutrophils, monocytes and eosinophils in both sexes, as well as decreased platelet, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and lymphocytes in both sexes. White blood cells of male rats were considerably higher than those of female rats in all age ranges. For biochemistry, increase in glucose, total protein and creatinine were seen in both sexes, along with increases in urea in females and alanine aminotransferase in males. Age was significantly associated with decreased alkaline phosphatase in both sexes. Conclusions: When using Wistar rats as a model, these reference values may be useful in evaluating the results.

Lumbar Spinal Steroid Injections and Infection Risk after Spinal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Patel Harshadkumar A.,Cheppalli Naga Suresh,Bhandarkar Amit Wasudeo,Patel Vidhi,Singla Anuj 대한척추외과학회 2022 Asian Spine Journal Vol.16 No.6

Lumbar spinal steroid injections (LSSI) are universally used as preferred diagnostic or therapeutic treatment options before major spinal surgeries. Some recent studies have reported higher risks of surgical-site infection (SSI) for spinal surgeries performed after injections, while others have overlooked such associations. The purpose of this study is to systematically review the literature and perform a meta-analysis to evaluate the associations between preoperative LSSI and postoperative infection following subsequent lumbar decompression and fusion procedures. Three databases, namely PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, were searched for relevant studies that reported the association of spinal surgery SSI with spinal injections. After the comprehensive sequential screening of the titles, abstracts, and full articles, nine studies were included in a systematic review, and eight studies were included in the meta-analysis. Studies were critically appraised for bias using the validated MINOR (methodological index for non-randomized studies) score. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Subgroup analysis was performed according to the time between LSSI and surgery and the type of lumbar spine surgery. Meta-analysis showed that preoperative LSSI within 30 days of lumbar spine surgery was associated with significantly higher postoperative infection compared with the control group (OR,1.79; 95% CI, 1.08–2.96). Based on subgroup analysis, lumbar spine fusion surgery within 30 days of preoperative LSSI was associated with significantly high-infection rates (OR, 2.67; 95% CI, 2.12–3.35), while no association was found between preoperative LSSI and postoperative infection for lumbar spine decompression surgeries. In summary, given the absence of high-level studies in the literature, careful clinical interpretation of the results should be performed. The overall risk of SSI was slightly higher if the spinal surgery was performed within 30 days after LSSIs. The risk was higher for lumbar fusion cases but not for decompression-only procedures.

Microemulsion for nasal delivery of Asenapine maleate in treatment of schizophrenia: formulation considerations

Mrunali R. Patel,Suresh N. Hirani,Rashmin B. Patel 한국약제학회 2018 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.48 No.3

The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the microemulsion (ME) and mucoadhesive microemulsion (MME) for intranasal delivery of Asenapine maleate (APM) for the treatment of schizophrenia. APM loaded ME (AME1 to AME5) and MME (AMME) were prepared by spontaneous microemulsification method and evaluated for drug content, globule size and polydispersity index, % transmittance, zeta potential, pH, viscosity, conductivity, drug content, refractive index, ex vivo diffusion study using sheep nasal mucosa, nasal ciliotoxicity study and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study. The AME4 (5 mg/mL of APM) containing 11% Capmul MCM, 38% Smix (Tween80: Propylene glycol (1:1)) and 51% (v/v) water that displayed optical transparency of 99.77%, globule size of 79.50 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.356 were selected for preparation of MME. The highest diffusion coefficient (P < 0.05) was found for AMME (2.61 × 10−5 ± 0.016 × 10−5 cm2/min) and followed higuchi model. The nasal ciliotoxicity study showed no damage to nasal mucosa and thus the formulation components were considered biocompatible. IR spectra showed no interaction between APM and ME components. Optimized AME and AMME formulations were found to be stable for the period of 6 months. Looking at the results of physicochemical properties and ex vivo studies, it can be concluded that formulated AMME can deliver the APM directly to the brain which has potential of increasing the bioavailability of APM which may alleviate side effects by decreasing the dose and frequency of administration.

Predicting recurrence in oral cavity cancers: a review of 116 patients with buccal mucosa carcinoma in northwestern India

Pinakin Patel,Pranav Mohan Singhal,Kamal Kishor Lakhera,Aishwarya Chatterjee,Agil Babu,Suresh Singh,Shubhra Sharma,Bhoopendra Singh Gora,Naina Kumar Agarwal 대한두개안면성형외과학회 2023 Archives of Craniofacial Surgery Vol.24 No.5

Background: Oral cavity cancers, the second most common type in India, are responsible for 10% of the overall cancer burden. With a recurrence rate of 30% to 40% and a 5-year survival rate of 50%, these malignancies account for substantial morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in treatment modalities, survival rates following treatment completion have not improved significantly. The present study aimed to establish specific epidemiological and pathological factors responsible for recurrence after treatment completion in buccal mucosa cancers. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the data of 116 patients treated for biopsy-proven cancers of the buccal mucosa was undertaken 1 year after treatment completion. Factors such as age, sex, education, lymphovascular invasion, extranodal extension (ENE), perineural invasion, depth of invasion, and pathological margin status were compared between patients who presented with recurrence and those who did not. Statistical significance was set at p< 0.05. Results: Of the 116 patients, 40 (34.5%) developed a recurrent disease within 1 year. The mean age of the study population was 43.3 years, and males constituted 91.4% of the included patients. Ipsilateral buccal mucosa was the commonest site of disease recurrence. Neck node metastasis, ENE, and margins of resection < 5 mm were significantly related to the recurrence of disease. However, surprisingly, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and depth of invasion > 10 mm did not show statistically significant associations. Conclusion: Neck node metastasis, ENE, and margins of resection < 5 mm were the histopathological factors associated with recurrence in cancers of the buccal mucosa.

Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone Analogues for Ovarian Function Preservation in Young Females Undergoing Chemotherapy

Bansal, Anshuma,Patel, Firuza Darius,Rai, Bhavana,Dhanireddy, Bhaswanth,Sharma, Suresh Chand Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.5

Chemotherapy has significantly improved the prognosis of cancer patients with various malignancies. However, female patients, especially those whoich are premenopausal, suffer from significant chemotherapy induced ovarian function impairment, which decreases their quality of life. Many new techniques for ovarian preservation have been established in recent years. Although the use of gonadotrophin releasing hormone analogues (GnRHa) for this purpose is not a new concept, its effectiveness in protection of ovarian function is still debatable. This article deals with studies and metaanalyses which have been undertaken in the past, demonstrating the impact of GnRHa in ovarian function preservation, and whether their use can be implemented in routine practice.

Vaginal Dose, Toxicity and Sexual Outcomes in Patients of Cervical Cancer Undergoing Image Based Brachytherapy

Rai, Bhavana,Dhanireddy, Bhaswanth,Patel, Firuza Darius,Kumari, Reena,Oinam, Arun Singh,Simha, Vijai,Sharma, Suresh Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.8

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the vaginal dose and toxicity in patients of cervical cancer treated with image guided brachytherapy at our institute. Materials and Methods: Thirty-five patients treated with image based brachytherapy for cervical cancer were included. Vaginal contouring was done on MRI at brachytherapy and with CT scans of subsequent brachytherapy fractions. Dose volume parameters (DVH) were reported in accordance with the GEC-ESTRO guidelines. These were correlated with vaginal toxicity (assessed by CTCAE version 3) and quality of sexual life assessed at one year of completion of treatment. Results: Vaginal shortness was observed in 22 out of 30 (62.8%) patients, Nine (25.7%) had vaginal dryness and in 10 (28.5%) patients, there was contact bleeding. No association could be demonstrated between the dose volume parameters and vaginal toxicity in the present study. Conclusions: The lack of association between dose volume parameters of vagina with vaginal morbidity may be due to uncertainties involved in the delineation of vaginal wall and dosimetry. Future research is required to accurately define vaginal dose distribution to study its correlation with vaginal morbidity. Vaginal morbidity needs to be documented in order to improve the sexual outcome in these patients.

Radiotherapy for Ovarian Cancers - Redefining the Role

Rai, Bhavana,Bansal, Anshuma,Patel, Firuza Darius,Sharma, Suresh Chander Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.12

Radiation therapy in ovarian cancers has been considered an outdated concept for many years, mainly due to its toxicity and failure to show benefit in terms of survival. Chemotherapy has been extensively used after surgery for these cancers and it has almost replaced radiation therapy as an adjuvant treatment. Nevertheless, failures in ovarian cancers continue to occur even with the use of newer and effective chemotherapy regimens. About 70% patients demonstrate recurrence in the abdomen or pelvis after first line chemotherapy in ovarian cancers. With advances in technology and sophistication of radiation techniques, along with the molecular and biological knowledge of distinct histological subtypes, there is a need to redefine the role of radiation therapy. This review article focuses on the literature on use of radiation in ovarian cancers and its rationale and indications in the present day. For this, a literature pub med/medline search was performed from January 1975 to March 2014 to redefine the role of radiotherapy in ovarian cancers.