An Integrated QoS Support Architecture for Wireless Home Network Based on IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN

Sunghwa Hong,ByoungKug Kim,Jaewan Kim,Dooseop Eom 대한전자공학회 2005 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2005 No.3

명대 통화 정책 연구 -동전과 사주전을 중심으로-

홍성화 ( Sunghwa Hong ) 고려대학교 역사연구소 2015 사총 Vol.86 No.-

Although fiscal policy in early Ming Dynasty based on spot goods, the issue of the currency is inevitable for government. It was hard to issue the currency massively due to the inflexible fiscal policy in Ming Dynasty. So they had chosen ‘Baochao(寶抄)’ which costs less comparatively as the currency. But ‘Baochao(寶抄)’ was vulnerable to excessive issue with less values in possession and could not function as the currency as time went by. The Ming Dynasty also acknowledged the issue of ‘privately issued coins(私 錢)’ seriously. As officials also suggested proposals through merchandised order, inducing ‘Pu-hang(鋪行)’ into system is outstanding but the most striking thing is that they suggested to let it go in private currency market unlike the current common sense and prefer less discussion on ‘monetary regime(錢法)’ in the government, regarding the discussions on ‘monetary regime(錢法)’ as a troubleshooter for public attention of people. Even though providing enough ‘government issued coins(制錢)’ would be desirable, it was difficult with finance situation in Ming Dynasty. In terms of this, it could not help issuing different coins in various qualities with diverse financial conditions. It means that ‘government issued coins(制錢)’ could not guarantee a good quality of coins. For example, Chongzen Tongbao(崇禎通寶) with mixed kinds in quality separately seemed not that good coins to use. Meanwhile ‘privately issued coins(私錢)’ had almost same quality of government issued coin. Like this, as issue of coins in Ming Dynasty was not enough, most commercial transaction happened inside through silver greatly contributed to increasing the flexibility of commercial transaction. That is, incorporation into silver-economy had a lot of side effects. As silver was handy, wealth in a region moved to another region easily, entailing imbalance between regions and classes. In other words, the mobility of silver had been maximizing and gap between the rich and the poor had deepened in the late Ming Dynasty. Further to this, not going smoothly of silver-flux in Chongzhen reign caused serious social issues.

무선 ATM LAN 환경에서의 핸드오버 기능 설계

홍성화(Sunghwa Hong),박광로(Kwangroh Park),채용우(Yongwoo Chae),유희열(Heeyeol Yu),정해원(Haewon Jung),조준경(Joonkeong Cho) 한국통신학회 1999 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.1999 No.11

A Method to Support High Data Transmission Rate in Ad-Hoc Networks Based on Bluetooth

ByoungKug Kim,SungHwa Hong,JeongSik In,JaeWan Kim,DooSeop Eom 대한전자공학회 2005 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2005 No.2

An Efficient Agent-based Routing Algorithm For Multiple Mobile Sinks in Wireless Sensor Networks

Jaewan Kim,JeongSik In,SungHwa Hong,Byoungkug Kim,Hyejin Lee,DooSeop Eom 대한전자공학회 2005 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2005 No.2

Boronic acid-tethered amphiphilic hyaluronic acid derivative-based nanoassemblies for tumor targeting and penetration

Jeong, Jae Young,Hong, Eun-Hye,Lee, Song Yi,Lee, Jae-Young,Song, Jae-Hyoung,Ko, Seung-Hak,Shim, Jae-Seong,Choe, Sunghwa,Kim, Dae-Duk,Ko, Hyun-Jeong,Cho, Hyun-Jong Elsevier Science B.V. Amsterdam 2017 ACTA BIOMATERIALIA Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>(3-Aminomethylphenyl)boronic acid (AMPB)-installed hyaluronic acid–ceramide (HACE)-based nanoparticles (NPs), including manassantin B (MB), were fabricated for tumor-targeted delivery. The amine group of AMPB was conjugated to the carboxylic acid group of hyaluronic acid (HA) <I>via</I> amide bond formation, and synthesis was confirmed by spectroscopic methods. HACE-AMPB/MB NPs with a 239-nm mean diameter, narrow size distribution, negative zeta potential, and >90% drug encapsulation efficiency were fabricated. Exposed AMPB in the outer surface of HACE-AMPB NPs (in the aqueous environment) may react with sialic acid of cancer cells. The improved cellular accumulation efficiency, <I>in vitro</I> antitumor efficacy, and tumor penetration efficiency of HACE-AMPB/MB NPs, compared with HACE/MB NPs, in MDA-MB-231 cells (CD44 receptor-positive human breast adenocarcinoma cells) may be based on the CD44 receptor-mediated endocytosis and phenylboronic acid-sialic acid interaction. Enhanced <I>in vivo</I> tumor targetability, infiltration efficiency, and antitumor efficacies of HACE-AMPB NPs, compared with HACE NPs, were observed in a MDA-MB-231 tumor-xenografted mouse model. In addition to passive tumor targeting (based on an enhanced permeability and retention effect) and active tumor targeting (interaction between HA and CD44 receptor), the phenylboronic acid-sialic acid interaction can play important roles in augmented tumor targeting and penetration of HACE-AMPB NPs.</P> <P><B>Statement of Significance</B></P> <P>(3-Aminomethylphenyl)boronic acid (AMPB)-tethered hyaluronic acid-ceramide (HACE)-based nanoparticles (NPs), including manassantin B (MB), were fabricated and their tumor targeting and penetration efficiencies were assessed in MDA-MB-231 (CD44 receptor-positive human adenocarcinoma) tumor models. MB, which exhibited antitumor efficacies <I>via</I> the inhibition of angiogenesis and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1, was entrapped in HACE-AMPB NPs in this study. Phenylboronic acid located in the outer surface of HACE-AMPB/MB NPs (in the aqueous <I>milieu</I>) may react with the sialic acid over-expressed in cancer cells and intramolecular B‒O bond can be formed. This phenylboronic acid-sialic acid interaction may provide additional tumor targeting and penetration potentials together with an enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect (passive tumor targeting) and HA-CD44 receptor interaction (active tumor targeting). Developed HACE-AMPB NP may be one of promising nanocarriers for the imaging and therapy of CD44 receptor-expressed cancers.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

하이브리드 자동차의 엔진 클러치 록업 시 구동계 진동에 관한 연구

이건태(Geontae Lee),장미정(Mijeong Jang),홍성화(Sunghwa Hong),유상모(Sangmo Ryu),김명규(Myeonggyu Kim),김현수(Hyunsoo Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2014 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2014 No.5

듀얼 모드 하이브리드 자동차의 모드 변환시 토크 변화 저감을 위한 제어 알고리즘에 대한 연구

최월선(Woulsun Choi),강재영(Jaeyoung Kang),홍성화(Sunghwa Hong),김현수(Hyunsoo Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2011 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.5

In this study, mode change characteristics of a dual mode power split type hybrid electric vehicle were investigated, and a control algorithm was proposed to minimize the torque variation of the output shaft during the mode change. To analyze the transient characteristics during mode change, dynamic models for the planetary gear, engine, motor-generator, battery and vehicle were established, and a performance simulator for the dual mode power split transmission hybrid electric vehicle was developed. The simulator was used for the mode changes : EV mode → input split mode, input split mode → compound split mode. In the control algorithm, the MG1 torque was controlled to minimize the torque variation of the output shaft for the mode change from the EV mode to the input split mode. For the mode change from the input split mode to the compound split mode, the engine was controlled by the motor torque together with the slip control of the clutch/brake to reduce the speed difference between both clutch side and thereby reduce the torque variation of the output shaft.

하이브리드 차량의 키 오프 시 진동 감소 방안에 관한 연구

이건태(Geontae Lee),장미정(Mijeong Jang),홍성화(Sunghwa Hong),유상모(Sangmo Ryu),김명규(Myeonggyu Kim),김연호(Yeonho Kim),김현수(Hyunsoo Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2014 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2014 No.11

조선시대 순조, 고종 년간의 자수·금박 활옷에 대한 연구

명유석 ( Myoung Yoo-suk ),홍성화 ( Hong Sunghwa ),김영란 ( Kim Yeong Ran ) 한국동양예술학회 2016 동양예술 Vol.32 No.-

활옷은 조선시대 공주, 옹주의 혼례복이다. 홍색 비단 천에 꽃, 새, 보물 등의 길상문을 색실, 금실로 수놓아 자연스러운 조형미가 아름답다. 이러한 궁수(宮繡) 활옷은 우리 문화를 대표하는 공예미술품으로서 감상과 소장의 가치가 높게 평가되고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 활옷 유물 가운데 문양, 색채, 질감 등에 고유한 특색을 이루고, 또 출처도 확실한 자수·금박 활옷 2점, 즉 23대 순조의 차녀(次女) 복온공주가 1830년 혼례 때 착용했던 활옷과 미국 시카고필드 뮤지엄에 소장된 유물번호 33157 의 활옷을 통해 문양의 유래와 의의 및 공예 양식을 구체적으로 밝히고자 하였다. 이밖에 위의 두 점과 문양이 유사한 덕온공주(德溫公主 1822-1844)의 수본(繡本)이 있다. 자수·금박 활옷의 문양은 전통문화 중에서 길상을 핵심으로 유교적 이념이 부각된 길복, 녹봉, 장수, 권위, 안일함 등을 상징하였다. 예를 들어, 자수문양은 화속문 (花束紋 - 꽃다발 문양)이 매우 특징적이다. 이것은 2-3촉의 꽃이 하나의 몸체에서 생성되어 마치 한 뿌리, 혹은 구름에서 나온듯한 형상으로 마치 꽃다발과 같아서 이름 지었다. 이러한 도안 구성법은 16세기경 명나라 정릉(定陵)에서 출토된 의상, 흉배, 원단의 무늬에서도 발견된다. 당(唐), 송(宋)나라의 궁중 화원에서 성행하였던 화조화 (花鳥畵)의 절지문(折枝紋) - 자른 가지로부터 단독문양으로 사용하게 되면서 점차 변형한 것으로 보인다. 금박과 자수공예의 양식을 보면, 모두 특수한 왕실 공예기법으로 제작되었다. 조선시대 금박은 순금을 두들겨 제작한 것이었기 때문에 일반인은 사용치 못했다. 금박을 직물에 고정시키는 것을 첩금(貼金)이라 부른다. 금박 공정은 옷, 물품을 다 지어 완성된 후에야 비로소 문양을 찍어 마무리한다. 자수공예는 4가지 유형의 기술체계로부터 발전되었다. 이 자수금박의 활옷에는 궁수(宮繡)의 특징이 두드러지는데, 금실과 색실의 병용, 속실의 사용, 자리수와 자련수의 부조 효과가 뛰어나다. 특히 공간을 수평, 수직으로 구획해서 금실을 징거주는 징검수 자수침법은 궁수의 백미로 은은한 광택의 누에실과 함께 풍부한 색채미를 나타낸다. 이상으로 19세기 조선시대 궁중 생활문화의 기록이자 당시의 사회상을 알려주는 문화코드로서 자수금박 활옷의 공예양식에 대한 연구 성과는 현대의 패션, 건축, 디자인, 공예산업에서 법고창신의 정신으로 창조적인 신상품의 개발과 국내외 시장의 문화 아이템으로 계승시킬 수 있다. 향후 동서양의 왕실 혼례복에 사용된 문양의 상징성, 기원과 변천 및 원형기술 등도 함께 비교 분석할 수 있는 연구 과제를 남긴다. This study tries to find out the origin, significance and style of pattern by examining gold leaf and embroidery Hwarot which have the unique pattern, color, texture. First Hwarot was made for the wedding of Princess Bokon, second daughter of Soonjo (23rd King of Joseon Dynasty). Second Hwarot is in the collection of the Field Museum, Chicago. (Relic No. 33157) The sketch of embroidery for Hwarot used at the wedding of Princess Deokon (1822-1844), which is similar to above two, will also be examined. Patterns of the gold leaf and embroidery Hwarot symbolize a good fortune, a stipend, a long life, authority, and idleness, which were highly appreciated in Confucian ideology. Most patterns can be categorized into Gilsangmun. They were in a fashion through several era and dynasties. For example, embroidery designs such as hwasokmun (花束紋 - the pattern of a bunch of flowers) are very characteristic. Hwasokmun is a pattern of two or three flowers, which seem to be from the same root or clouds. Such design composition can be also found in patterns of clothes, hyungbae (embroidered insignia on the breast and the back of an official robe), and fabrics from Dingling (定陵, a tomb of the Wanli Emperor, Ming Dynasty). Its origin seems to be a Jeoljimun (折枝紋, the pattern of chopped branches) in the Hwajohwa (花鳥畵). Hwajohwa was prevalent in the garden of palace Song and Ming Dynasty. Hwasokmun developed into Payeonmun (把蓮紋) in the blue and white ware which was popular in Qing Dynasty. Special royal craft technique was used for making gold leaf embroidery crafts. Ordinary people could not use gold leaf embroidery because gold leaf was produced by striking pure gold. The technique of Cheopkkeum (貼金, fixing gold leaf on texture) is lost. Nowadays, craftsmen just paste gold leaf on texture. Sticking patterns on the clothes is the final step in the process of gold leaf embroidery. Various types of embroidery needlework have developed from four types of technology system. In this gold leaf embroidered Hwarot, characteristics of palace embroidery is conspicuous. It is prominent to use both color thread and gold thread. It is also prominent to use soksil. Moreover, the effect of jarisu and jaryeonsu are outstanding. Specifically, Jingeomsu embroidery needlework, a method which divides space horizontally/vertically and then sews gold thread, is the best palace embroidery. It expresses abundance of the beauty of color with a silk thread which sheds a dim glow. Gold leaf and embroidery Hwarot is the record of life culture in the palace during 19th century Joseon. The style of Hwarot can be applied to develop creative items in fashion, architecture, design, craft industry. It can also be succeeded to new cultural items for the world market. This study can be expanded to a comparative study on symbolism, origin, original technology and changes of patterns used in royal wedding costume throughout the world.