Surface Modified Capacitive Deionization Electrodes with Enhanced Capacity and Selectivity for Sulfate Ion Adsorption

Sungho Bae,Kangwoo Cho 대한환경공학회 2019 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2019 No.-

A Study on the Properties Evaluation before and after Construction for the Preventive Maintenance Method of Highway Asphalt Pavement

Sungho Bae,Donghyun Lee,SoonMin Kwon,HyungBae Kim 한국도로학회 2022 한국도로학회 학술대회 발표논문 초록집 Vol.2022 No.10

A Study on the Correlation between Field and Mock-up Test for the Verification of Friction Characteristics of Concrete Pavement by Subbase

Sungho Bae,Jaehoon Lee,Wonkyong Jung,Sungwoo Ryu 한국도로학회 2022 한국도로학회 학술대회 발표논문 초록집 Vol.2022 No.10

A Study on Safeguards As a Means to Bring Protectionism Back to Korea – U.S. Trade

Sungho Bae(배성호) 한국관세학회 2017 관세학회지 Vol.18 No.1

The goals of the WTO is to promote free and fair international trade. It ultimately means a trade liberalization through lowering tariff rate and deregulation. The WTO Member countries have formed various Regional Trade Agreements to expedite trade liberalization. However, in cases where import surge causes serious injury to domestic industries which produce like products, the WTO and RTA Agreements provide leeways for an importing party to cure the injury through measures, including countervailing duty, anti-dumping, and safeguards. Recent trade policies announced by the United States are heavily based on protectionism. Such a protectionism will affect South Korea and may lead to the KORUS FTA renegotiation. Safeguard is a less-complicated measure to take because it belongs to the President’s discretion, and the serious injury does not need to be caused due to an unfair trade. Rather, safeguard may be implemented even where a trade is entirely fair. The importance of understanding safeguards procedure is significant. Therefore, this paper will discuss three legal bases (the law of the WTO, the Trade Act of 1974 of the United States, and the KORUS FTA) on safeguards.

A Study on ODR Enforcement for Disputes Arising from Cross-border E-Commerce

Sungho Bae(배성호) 국제e-비즈니스학회 2016 e-비즈니스 연구 Vol.17 No.5

China s Crackdown on Corruption and Its Legal Implications for Multinational Corporations in China

Sungho Bae 한국무역연구원 2014 貿易 硏究 Vol.10 No.1

Considering its importance as a hub for international trade and business, China is probably considered as the most attractive market for various forms of business for Multinational Corporations (MNCs). In fact, almost every MNC has some type of business operation in China. Coupled with the PRC Criminal Law and PRC Anti-Unfair Competition Law, Xi Jinping, the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China and the President of the People s Republic of China, hasprioritized anti-corruption law enforcement spurred by the new Interpretation of the Supreme People s Court and the Supreme People s Procuratorate in the Handling of Criminal Bribery Cases. Even though bribing has historically been tolerated as part of business practice in China, such a practice now meansharsh punishment for the MNCs. MNCs from particular jurisdictions like the United States may face even higher possibilities of investigation by both Chinese law and its domestic law, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). Knowing Chinese anti-corruption law and having compliance measures areessential for all MNCs operating in China. Therefore, this paper attempts to analyze China s three major anti-corruption laws including the PRC Criminal Law, PRC Anti-Unfair Competition Law, and the new Interpretation of the Supreme Court and Procuratorate of China and discuss their impact on MNCs.

A Comparative Study on Safe Harbor and Takedown Notice for Online Service Providers

Sungho Bae 한국무역연구원 2013 貿易 硏究 Vol.9 No.6

Among various legal issues arising from social network services (SNS), copyright infringement is one of the most frequently occurring legal violations. With dissemination of smart-phones, copyright infringement has escalated. Section 512 of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) and Chapter 18 of the KORUS FTA handle the issue through safe harbor provision and takedown notice clause. Many legal disputes including Viacom v. YouTube have been brought to courts, and majority of the cases are still pending for the courts' decision in the United States. In addition, it is unfortunate that the number of copyright infringement in South Korea has not been decreased as much as expected since the ratification of the KORUS FTA. It is critical for service providers. copyright owners, and the SNS users to understand how safe harbor protection provision and takedown notice clause works. Therefore, this paper attempts to compare similarities and differences of safe harbor provision and takedown clause between the DMCA and KORUS FTA.

A Study on the Major Principles of the GATS and Its Implications for South Korea

BAE, Sungho 한국무역금융보험학회(구 한국무역보험학회) 2015 무역보험연구 Vol.16 No.3

서비스산업은 한 국가의 GDP에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요소가 되었다. 이에 따라 국제통상에서 서비스무역이 차지하는 중요성은 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. WTO 체제하에서 서비스무역은 ‘서비스무역에 관한 일반협정(GATS)’에 의해 규정된다. GATS는 GATT(관세 및 무역에 관한 일반협정)과 마찬가지로 무역자유화에 그 목적을 둔다. GATS의 다양한 원칙 중 MFN(최헤국대우)와 구체적 약속(시장접근 및 내국민대우)은 무역자유화와 직결되는 핵심원칙이다. GATS의 목적인 서비스무역의 자유화는 궁극적으로 규제완화를 통해 달성할 수 있다. 한국은 그간 다양한 국가 및 지역들과의 FTA 체결을 통해 통상강국으로 자리매김하였다. 그러나 아직도 수많은 규제들을 유지함으로써 통상강국의 위상에 부합하지 못하는 결과를 초래하고 있다. 규제완화는 우리의 서비스무역 활성화에 필수적인 요소이다. 따라서 GATS의 주요원칙을 분석하고 한국이 서비스 무역을 위한 적극적인 규제완화를 해야 하는 이유에 관하여 논하고자 한다. Trade in services is stretching its influence in international trade as service industry is becoming the heaviest contributing factor for a country's GDP. Under the WTO system, trade in services is regulated by General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). The goal of GATS and GATT is similar, if not identical, as both treaties attempt to realize liberalization of trade in good and services. Among various rules in GATS, MFN and specific commitments are the major principles. The application of such principles in GATS is different from GATT. Deregulation is ultimate measure for liberalization of service trade. South Korea is an active participant in international trade as it has demonstrated ratification of free trade agreements with various countries and regions. However, South Korea keeps service industry regulations beyond reasonable level. Deregulation is necessary for South Korea’s benefit. This paper analyzes the major legal principles of GATS and examines what South Korea would face without active deregulation in service industry.

A Study on the WTO Security Exceptions: Focusing on Russia-Measures Concerning Traffic in Transit

배성호(Sungho Bae) 한국통상정보학회 2020 통상정보연구 Vol.22 No.1

WTO 안보예외는 GATT 제21조에 정의되어 있다. 회원국은 제21조에 명시된 몇 가지 특정조항들을 충족시킴으로서 WTO의 자유무역을 위한 최혜국대우, 내국민대우, 수량제한금지 등의 기본원칙으로부터 예외를 인정받을 수 있다. 제21조 안보예외는 크게 두 가지 이슈를 가지고 있다. 첫째, 제21조(b)의 두문에 근거하여 회원국이 안보예외를 원용할 경우 자국의 ‘필수적인 안보이익’의 보호를 위해 ‘필요하다’고 간주하는 조치들을 원용국이 취함에 있어 그 판단에 대한 재량의 범위를 놓고 과연 원용국의 전적인 ‘자기판단’(which it considers)을 인정할 것인지 아니면 패널이 원용국의 해당 판단을 심사할 관할권이 있는지에 관한 것이다. 이는 원용국의 자기판단권을 남용하는 것을 방지하는 중요한 이슈이다. 둘째, 제21조(b)(iii)에 의거하여 원용할 경우 상대 교역국과의 상황이 ‘전시 또는 국제관계에 있어서의 그 밖의 비상시’에 해당되는가에 대한 여부이다. 2019년 Russia-Traffic in Transit 사건에서 패널은 위의 이슈에 대한 상세한 법리분석을 통해 패널의 관할권을 인정함으로서 향후 안보예외 원용사례에 대한 명확한 가이드라인을 제시하였으므로 안보예외 사건에 관한 핵심판례다. 따라서 본 연구는 제21조 안보예외의 법리를 Russia-Traffic in Transit 사건의 패널 보고서에 근거하여 분석하고 한국과 DSB의 대응방안을 제시한다. Article XXI of the GATT 1994 defines Security Exceptions under the WTO. Under Article XXI, Members may take trade-restrictive measures that would normally be considered a “violation” of the WTO law. The two most critical issues common to Article XXI cases are (1) whether a panel has jurisdiction over the measures taken by an Article XXI invoking Member or it should be up to the invoking Member’s self-judging discretion to determine what is necessary to protect its national security and (2) whether the measure was taken in time of war or other emergency in international relations. In Russia-Traffic in Transit (2019), the Panel clarified the ambiguous terms in Article XXI regarding jurisdiction and offered a guideline on a standard of review. It is a landmark case on Article XXI. Therefore, this paper examines the legal principles of Article XXI based on Russia-Traffic in Transit case and provides implications to South Korea.

채권자대위권 행사 통지 후 계약이 해제된 경우 민법 제405조 제2항의 ‘처분’에 해당하는지 여부

배성호(Bae SungHo) 한국부패학회 2013 한국부패학회보 Vol.18 No.4

본 연구에서는 제405조 제2항의 연혁과 입법취지를 살펴보고, 다음으로 다른 처분제한제도와 비교한 후, 채권자대위에서 제3채무자의 지위 등에 관하여 살펴봄으로써, 판례의 태도변화가 타당한지 여부를 살펴보고자 하였다. 채권자대위권 행사 통지 후 계약이 해제된 경우 제405조 제2항의 처분에 해당하는지 여부와 관련하여, 권리의 귀속 자체에 아무런 변경이 없는 채권자대위권의 경우에 “채 무자가 채권자대위권행사의 통지를 받은 후에 채무를 불이행함으로써 통지 전에 체결 된 약정에 따라 매매계약이 자동적으로 해제되거나, 채권자대위권행사의 통지를 받은 후에 채무자의 채무불이행을 이유로 제3채무자가 매매계약을 해제한 경우 제3채무자는 계약해제로써 대위권을 행사하는 채권자에게 대항할 수 있다”고 하는 대상판결의 태도 변화는 민법상의 여러 제도와 비교하여 볼 때 정합성 있는 해석으로서 타당하다고 본 다. 그 구체적 이유는 제405조 제2항은 채무자와 제3채무자의 합의 내지는 단독적 처분 행위에 의하여 채권자의 권리침해가 되는 것을 막자는데 그 입법취지, 처분제한의 전형 적인 사유인 채권압류 또는 가압류의 경우에 제3채무자가 채무자의 채무불이행을 이유로 계약을 적법하게 해제할 수 있음과의 비교, 채권양도의 경우와의 비교 및 제3채무자의 지위 등에 비추어 대상판결의 결론은 타당하다 할 것이다. This paper will examine the history and the purpose to legislate the 2nd clause of Article 405 in the Civil Law, the other institutions or systems for limiting the execution or measure. Also, it will review the legal status of a third-party debtor and other issues in obligee’s subrogation. By doing so, I will cast light on whether the change of attitude in the cases is appropriate. In regards to whether the cancellation can be considered as the measure or the execution defined in the 2nd clause of Article 405 in the Civil Law in case of the cancellation of a contract after the notice for the exercising of obligee’s subrogation right is sent, if obligee’s subrogation right is concerned as no change is made as to who has the right, the change of attitude in the case concerned here is believed to be appropriate because it is to be considered as the consistent interpretation as compared to many different kinds of institutions and systems in the Civil Law. The case stated that “By the use of the cancellation of a contract, a third-party debtor may defy the excercise of obligee’s subrogation right in case that a sales contract is automatically cancelled by the stipulation agreed upon before the notice when a debtor does not perform his liabilities after receiving the notice for the exercising of obligee’s subrogation right or that a third-party debtor cancels a sales contract for the failure of a debtor to carry out his liabilities after he is informed of the notice for the exercising of obligee’s subrogation right.”