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Mediation effect of herpes zoster derived by statin use on cardiovascular disease risk
Sung-Han Kim,Sung-Cheol Yun,Young-Ho Khang,Min-Chul Kim,Sun Uck Kwon,Gyung-Min Park,Young-Rak Cho,Kwang Min Lee,Moo Hyun Kim 대한내과학회 2020 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.35 No.5
Background/Aims: Although statins are widely used to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) including stroke and myocardial infarction (MI), it is reported that statin use increases the incidence of herpes zoster (HZ) that is associated with increased risk of CVD. So, we evaluated the mediation effect of HZ caused by statin use on CVD. Methods: We analyzed a prospective cohort from the National Health Insurance Service-database of South Korea. All individuals received a medical check-up and were followed-up from 2002 to 2013. Results: A total of 275,382 individuals > 40 years old were followed up for 11 years from 2003. Of these, 11,415 people (4%) were classified as statin users and 263,967 (96%) as non-statin users. Those who used statins had significantly lower risks of cardiovascular events, stroke, and MI compared with non-statin users; the adjusted hazard ratios in the multivariate analysis were 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82 to 0.98), 0.88 (95% CI, 0.80 to 0.98), and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.79 to 1.07), respectively. When we calculated the mediating effect of cardiovascular events by statin use through HZ, 11.6% of the total beneficial effect of cardiovascular events by statin use was mitigated through the occurrence of HZ caused by statin use. This mediating effect was higher in the younger age group (< 60 years). Conclusions: This study showed that statin use reduced CVD by 10%, but the protective effect of statin use against CVD was mitigated by approximately 10% through the development of HZ caused by statin use.
Sung, Jae Hyuck,Kim, Choong Yong,Yang, Seoung Oh,Khang, Hyun Soo,Cheong, Hae Kwan,Lee, Jong Seong,Song, Chang-Woo,Park, Jung Duck,Han, Jeong Hee,Chung, Yong Hyun,Choi, Byung Sun,Kwon, Il Hoon,Cho, Myu Informa Healthcare 2007 Inhalation toxicology Vol.19 No.1
<P> Welders are at risk of being exposed to high concentrations of welding fumes and developing pneumoconiosis or other welding-fume exposure-related diseases. Among such diseases, manganism resulting from welding-fume exposure remains a controversial issue, as although the movement of manganese into specific brain regions has been established, the similar movement of manganese presented with other metals, such as welding fumes, has not been clearly demonstrated as being similar to that of manganese alone. Meanwhile, the competition between Mn and iron for iron transporters, such as transferrin and DMT-1, to the brain has also been implicated in the welding-fume exposure. Thus, the increased signal intensities in the basal ganglia, including the globus pallidus and subcortical frontal white matter, based on T1-weighted magnetic resonances in welders, require further examination as regards the correspondence with an increased manganese concentration. Accordingly, to investigate the movement of manganese after welding-fume exposure, 6 cynomolgus monkeys were acclimated for 1 mo and assigned to 3 dose groups: unexposed, low dose of (total suspended particulate [TSP] 31 mg/m3, 0.9 mg/m3 of Mn), and high dose of total suspended particulate (62 mg/m3 TSP, 1.95 mg/m3 of Mn). The primates were exposed to manual metal-arc stainless steel (MMA-SS) welding fumes for 2 h/day in an inhalation chamber system equipped with an automatic fume generator for 6 mo. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of the basal ganglia were conducted before the initiation of exposure and thereafter every month. During the exposure, the blood chemistry was monitored every 2 wk and the concentrations of metal components in the blood were measured every 2 wk and compared with ambient manganese concentrations. The manganese concentrations in the blood did not show any significant increase until after 2 mo of exposure, and then reached a plateau after 90 days of exposure, showing that an exposure period of at least 60 days was required to build up the blood Mn concentration. Furthermore, as the blood Mn concentration continued to build, a continued decrease in the MRI T1 relaxation time in the basal ganglia was also detected. These data suggested that prolonged inhalation of welding fumes induces a high MRI T1 signal intensity with an elevation of the blood manganese level. The presence of a certain amount of iron or other metals, such as Cr and Ni, in the inhaled welding fumes via inhalation was not found to have a significant effect on the uptake of Mn into the brain or the induction of a high MRI T1 signal intensity.</P>
Hyun, Hoon,Kim, Moon Suk,Jeong, Sung Chan,Kim, Yu Han,Lee, Soo Young,Lee, Hai Bang,Khang, Gilson Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2006 Polymer engineering and science Vol.46 No.9
<P>Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (MPEG-PCL) or MPEG-b-poly(L-lactide) (MPEG-PLLA) diblock copolymers were prepared by the polymerization of CL or LA, using MPEG as an initiator in the presence of stannous octoate. MPEG-b-poly(ϵ-caprolactone-ran-L-lactide) (MPEG-PCLA) diblock copolymers with different chemical composition of PCL and PLLA were also prepared by adjusting the amount of CL and LA from MPEG in the presence of stannous octoate. In degradation study, the degradation of the MPEG-PCLA diblock copolymers mainly depends on the PCL and PLLA segments present in their structure. MPEG-PCLA, with intermediate ratio of PCL and PLLA segment, completely degraded after 14 weeks. Meanwhile, partially degraded MPEG-PCLA segments and parent MPEG segments were observed at higher PCL or PLLA segment contents. Introduction of PLLA into the PCL segments caused a lowering of the crystallinity of the diblock copolymers, thus, inducing a faster incoming of water into the copolymers. We confirmed that the diblock copolymers, with lower degree of crystallinity, have degraded more rapidly. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 46: 1242–1249, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers</P>
전성현(Sung Hyun Jeon),이원택(Won Taek Lee),송정은(Jeong Eun Song),박현(Hyun Park),최일남(Il Nam Choi),김초민(Cho Min Kim),강길선(Gilson Khang) 한국고분자학회 2017 폴리머 Vol.41 No.4
젤란검은 글루콘산, 람노오스, 포도당이 1:1:2로 구성된 헤테로 다당류로 생체적합성과 물리화학적 특성이 뛰어나 조직공학 분야에서 다양하게 응용되고 있으며, 최근 여러 가지 분야에서 각광받는 고분자로 인정받고 있다. 헤스페리딘은 콜라겐 재생과 항염증 효과의 작용이 있는데 본 실험은 헤스페리딘이 연골 재생에 미치는 영향을 관찰하기 위해 0.7% 젤란검 수용액에 헤스페리딘을 각각 0, 1, 2, 4 mg씩 첨가하여 하이드로젤 지지체를 제조하였으며, 물리적 특성평가를 위해 압축강도 및 FTIR를 측정하였으며, 연골재생을 평가하기 위해 MTT, Bio-SEM, 및 RTPCR과 같은 실험을 평가하였다. 그 결과, 1 mg 헤스페리딘/젤란검 지지체가 연골 재생효과가 가장 우수하다는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 연골재생을 위해 1 mg 헤스페리딘/젤란검 지지체의 다양한 응용 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. Gellan gum is an FDA-approved heteropolysaccharide, composed of sodium gluconate, rhamnose, and glucose in molar ratios of 1:1:2. It has been widely utilized in tissue engineering because of its biocompatibility and outstanding physicochemical properties such as stability at high temperature transparency, and dynamic elastic modulus. In this study, we prepared 0.7% gellan gum hydrogel scaffolds with different amount (0, 1, 2, 4 mg) of hesperidin to incorporate collagen regeneration and anti-inflammatory effect for cartilage regeneration. The physiochemical and biological characteristics of the scaffolds were evaluated by compressive strength, FTIR, MTT, Bio-SEM, and RT-PCR. Interestingly, the gellan gum scaffold containing 1 mg hesperidin was found to be the most excellent scaffold for cartilage tissue regeneration in terms of compressive strength, cell differentiation, cell viability, and gene expression.
Kim, Sang-Woo,Park, Jun-Young,Lee, Soyoung,Kim, Sang-Hyun,Khang, Dongwoo American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.5
<P>The main difficulty With current anticancer nanotherapeutics comes from the low efficiency of tumor targeting. Althoughniany strategies have been investigated, including cancer-specific antibody conjugation, lung tumors remain one of the invulnerable types of cancer that must be overcome in the near future. Meanwhile, despite their advantageous physiochemical properties, carbon nanotube structures are not considered safe medical drug delivery agents, but are considered a hazardous source that may cause pulmonary toxicity. However, high-aspect-ratio (width vs. length) nanostructures can he used as very efficient drug delivery agents due to their lung tissue accumulation property. Furthermore, selection of a specific width if the carbon nanostructures can activate additional caveolin uptake channels in cancer cells, thereby maximizing internalization of the nanodrug. The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of carbon nanotube-based nanodrugs having various widths (10-30 nm, 60-100 mn, and 125-150 nm) as a delivery agent to treat lung tumors. The results of-the present study provided evidence that both lung tissue accumulation (passive targeting) and caveolin-assisted uptake (active targeting) can simultaneously contribute to the destruction of lung tumor tissues of carbon nanotube.</P>
Kim, Ji Hyun,Im, Ki Chun,Kim, Jae Seung,Lee, Sang-Ahm,Lee, Jung Kyo,Khang, Shin Kwang,Kang, Joong Koo Blackwell Publishing Inc 2007 Epilepsia Vol.48 No.2
<P>Summary</P><P><I>Purpose:</I> The aims of the present study were to explore the relation between ictal scalp EEG patterns and ictal hyperperfusion patterns in patients with unilateral hippocampal sclerosis–associated mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (HS-MTLE) by using semiquantitative single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) analysis and to assess clinical significance of ictal hyperperfusion patterns.</P><P><I>Methods:</I> We studied retrospectively 39 consecutive patients with surgically proven HS-MTLE. All had both interictal and ictal SPECTs with the tracer injection during a complex partial seizure (CPS) typical of MTLE semiology. According to initial ictal discharge (IID) frequency on scalp EEG, two lateralizing patterns were identified: (a) a sustained regular 5- to 9-Hz rhythm with a restricted temporal or subtemporal distribution (group 1); and (b) an irregular 2- to 5-Hz rhythm with a widespread distribution (group 2). We performed group analysis by using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) of paired ictal–interictal SPECTs to identify regions of significant ictal hyperperfusion and compared clinical characteristics, tracer-injection time, semiology, pathologic HS grade, and surgical outcome between two groups.</P><P><I>Results:</I> Of the 39 patients, 19 patients (10 males, nine right HS) were designated as group 1, and the remaining 20 patients (eight males, seven right HS), group 2. Group 1 showed hyperperfusion mainly confined to the ipsilateral temporal lobe, whereas group 2 showed widespread hyperperfusion in the extratemporal structures such as ipsilateral basal ganglia, brainstem, and bilateral thalamus, in addition to the ipsilateral temporal lobe. No significant difference was found between two groups in clinical characteristics, injection time, pathologic HS grade, and surgical outcome. Among semiologic features, dystonic limb posturing was more frequently observed in group 2 (p = 0.006).</P><P><I>Conclusions:</I> Scalp EEG IID frequency in HS-MTLE can be an important determining factor of ictal hyperperfusion patterns. The lack of difference in surgical outcome between two groups implies that different hyperperfusion patterns, according to their IID frequencies, reflect only preferential pathways of ictal propagation rather than intrinsic epileptogenic region.</P>