고선형 단축파 대역 Up-Mixer 설계

장진석,채규성,윤상웅,김창우 慶熙大學校 레이저 工學硏究所 2007 레이저공학 Vol.18 No.-

A single-side band double-balanced mixer using the Gilbert cell structure has been designed with the TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS library. The SSB Up-Mixer consists of a core, IF balun-phase shifter, and LO balun-phase shifter block. In the core block, 4-source-coupled degeneration resistors are used to improve the mixer's linearity. The SSB mixer exhibits a 6.8 dB conversion gain with a - 5.7 dBm P_(1-dB) for IF power of 11.5 dBm and LO power of 0 dBm inputs. The image rejection ratio is - 37.7 dBc at a -5.7 dBm output power.

시각 장애자를 위한 문자-음성 변환에 관한 연구

최승호,장성호,허웅 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 1993 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.12 No.-

In this paper, we proposed a speech support system of personal computer for the blind. The system is consist of hardware part and software part. The hardware part are consists of personal computer and sound card. The software part are consist of sound driver system, TSR character table, text-to-speech conversion algorithm. This system can recognize inputted characters from keyboard.

Nortriptyline 청소율과 Metoprolol 산화대사능과의 상관관계

정원석,장인진,이경훈,신상구,우종인,박찬웅 大韓臨床藥理學會 1993 臨床藥理學會誌 Vol.1 No.2

Micrococcus sp. M1에 의한 Phenol과 ρ-Cresol의 생분해 Kinetics

송홍주,장웅석,이건,이상준 한국환경과학회 1997 한국환경과학회지 Vol.6 No.2

In order to find the most fitted biodegradation model, biodegradation kinetics model to the initial phenol and p-cresol concentrations were investigated and had been fitted by the linear regression. Bacteria capable of degrading p-cresol were isolated from soil by enrichment culture technique. Among them, strain M1 capable of degrading p-cresol has also degraded phenol and was identified as the genus Micrococcus from the results from of taxonomical studies. The optimal conditions for the biodegradation of phenol and pcresol by Micrococcus sp. M1 were NH_4NO_3 0.05%, pH 7.0, 30℃, respectively, and medium volume 100㎖/250㎖ shaking flask. Micrococcus sp. M1 was able to grow on phenol concentration up to 14mM and p-cresol concentration up to 8mM. With increasing substrate concentration, the lag period increased, but the maximum specific growth rates decreased. The yield coefficient decreased with increasing substrate concentration. The biodegradation kinetics of phenol and p-cresol were best described by Monod with growth model for every experimented concentration. In cultivation of mixed substrate, p-cresol was degraded first and phenol was second. This result implies that p-cresol and phenol was not degraded simultaneously.

간호사들에서 월경전불쾌기분장애와 삶의 질, 사회직업기능 및 장애 간의 연관성

김선영,김재민,김웅장,양수진,김성완,신일선,윤진상 大韓神經精神醫學會 2008 신경정신의학 Vol.47 No.1

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the prospective associations of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) with quality of life, socio-occupational function and disability. Methods : 170 nurses were recruited 6om two general hospitals. Interviews were made at baseline and at four follow-up points (two mid follicular phases and two late luteal phases ofthe two consecutive menstrual cycles). The baseline evaluation Consis-ted of sociodemographic characteristics and menstmal history. PMDD was diagnosed by DSM-IV criteria after observation of the two menstrual cycles. The follow-up evaluations were consisted ofthe World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief form, the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale, and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Scale-II. Results : PMDD was detected 15 (8.8%) of 170 participants. The PMDD group showed significantly worse quality of life and socio-occupational functioning than the none-PMDD group particularly at the late luteal phases. No significant differences were found in sociodemographic characteristics and menstrual history between those with and without PMDD. Conclusion : PMDD was prospectively associated with worse quality of life and socio-occupational functioning in this study group.

광주광역시 치매의 유병률과 위험인자의 도시-농촌 지역 비교

신일선,김재민,윤진상,김석재,양수진,김웅장,이승현,강순아,곽지영,이형영 大韓神經精神醫學會 2002 신경정신의학 Vol.41 No.6

연구목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 광주광역시의 도시 및 농촌 지역에 거주하는 노인에서 치매의 유병률과 위험인자를 조사하고자 하였다. 부가적으로 이 두 지역간에 치매의 유병률과 위험인자를 비교하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 광주광역시의 전형적인 도시와 농촌지역의 65세 이상의 노인(N=1,598)을 대상으로, 2단계의 역학연구를 수행하였다. 1차 선별 단계에서는 38명의 훈련된 연구보조원이 대상노인을 면담하여, 사회인구학적 특징을 조사하고 한국판 간이정신상태검사(Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination ; MMSE-K)로 평가하였다. 2차 임상 진단 단계에서는 1차 단계에서 MMSE-K 점수가 24점 이하인 노인(N=431)을 대상으로, 전문연구팀의 임상적 평가를 통해 치매를 진단하고 원인질환별로 알쯔하이머병(Alzheimer's disease ; AD), 혈관성 치매(vascular dementia ; VaD) 및 기타 치매로 분류하였다. 대상노인에서 치매의 유병률을 측정한 후, 광주광역시 전체 노인의 연령보정 유병률을 산출하였다. 전체 대상에서 AD의 위험인자를 조사한 후, 도시와 농촌군으로 나누어 분석을 다시 시행하였다. 결 과 : 1차 및 2차 단계의 참가율은 각각 71.0%(N=1,134) 및 83.2%(N=410) 였다. 연구 참여 노인(N=1,134)에서 전체 치매, AD 및 VaD의 유병률은 최소 각각 9.7%, 5.2%, 1.8%였다. 광주광역시 전체 노인의 연령 보정 유병률은 각각 10.7%, 5.7%, 1.9%인 것으로 산출되었다. AD의 독립 위험인자는 고령, 여성, 무학이었다. 도시와 농촌에 따른 유병률의 차이는 파악되지 않았다. 그러나 AD의 위험인자는 지역에 따라 차이가 있었다. 도시 노인에게는 무학만이, 농촌 노인에게는 고령과 여성인 경우가 독립 위험인자였다. 결 론 : 광주광역시 노인에서 치매의 유병률은 높았고, 이는 국내 다른 지역에서 수행된 선행연구 결과와 유사하였다. 알쯔하이머형 치매의 위험인자는 도시와 농촌에 따라 다른 결과를 보였다. 본 연구 결과는 한국에서의 치매의 실태를 반영하며, 치매의 적절한 관리와 예방을 위해서는 지역성 특성이 고려되어야 함을 시사한다. Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence rate and risk factors of dementia in an urban and a rural sample of older persons in the metropolitan Kwangju area, Republic of Korea. In addition, the prevalence rate and risk factors of dementia between the two samples were compared. Methods : A two-phase epidemiological study of residents aged 65 or over(N=1,598) was conducted in a highly developed, urban and a non-contiguous, poorly developed, rural area of metropolitan Kwangju. In the first(screening) phase, 38 trained research assistants collectively peformed in-home interviews for all participants. Detailed sociodemographic characteristics were gathered and the Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-K) was administered. In the second (diagnosing) phase, diagnosis of dementia was established for those scoring 24 or less on the MMSE-K in the screening phase(N=431), and etiological types of dementia were classified to Alzheimer's disease(AD), vascular dementia(VaD) or miscellanous type by two teams of experts. Prevalence rate of dementia was determined in the participants, and age-standardized prevalence rate adjusted by age distribution in metropolitan Kwangju was estimated. For AD, the risk factors were investigated in all participants, and analyses were repeated for the urban and rural samples separately. Results : The participating rates in the first and second phases were 71.0%(N=1,134) and 83.2%(N=410), respectively. In the participants, the prevalence rates of dementia(all types), AD and VaD were 9.7%, 5.2% and 1.8%, respectively. The age-standardized prevalence rates were 10.7%, 5.7% and 1.9%, respectively. Aging, female gender and no education(complete lack of formal education) were identified as independent risk factors for AD. No difference between the urban and rural samples was observed in the prevalence rates of dementia(all types), AD and YaD. However, risk factors for AD differed between these areas. In the urban sample, no education was the only significant factor ; whereas, aging and female gender were identified as risk factors in the rural sample. Conclusion : A high prevalence rate of dementia was observed among old persons in metropolitan Kwangju, consistent with previous studies conducted in other Korean areas. The risk factor profi1es for AD differed between urban and rural settings. The results of this study reflect the current status of dementia in Korea and suggests that appropriate management and prevention strategies for dementia should be tailored toward the geographic settings.

Prednisolone과 Prednisone의 임상약동학적 평가

신재국,윤영란,차인준,이경훈,장인진,신상구,박찬웅 大韓臨床藥理學會 1994 臨床藥理學會誌 Vol.2 No.1

심인성 색전 요인이 없는 뇌경색 환자에서 경식도 심초음파와 Acoustic Quantification을 이용한 대동맥 탄성의 평가

이종민,윤호중,임효영,박지원,김휘열,전희경,문건웅,정욱성,채장성,김재형,최규보,홍순조 대한순환기학회 2000 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.30 No.8

Casein kinase 2 is a critical determinant of the balance of Th17 and Treg cell differentiation

Jang, Sung Woong,Hwang, Soo Seok,Kim, Hyeong Su,Lee, Keoung Oh,Kim, Min Kyung,Lee, Wonyong,Kim, Kiwan,Lee, Gap Ryol Nature Publishing Group 2017 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.49 No.9

<P>Th17 cells promote inflammatory reactions, whereas regulatory T (Treg) cells inhibit them. Thus, the Th17/Treg cell balance is critically important in inflammatory diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this balance are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that casein kinase 2 (CK2) is a critical determinant of the Th17/Treg cell balance. Both the inhibition of CK2 with a specific pharmacological inhibitor, CX-4945, and its small hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown suppressed Th17 cell differentiation but reciprocally induced Treg cell differentiation <I>in vitro</I>. Moreover, CX-4945 ameliorated the symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and reduced Th17 cell infiltration into the central nervous system. Mechanistically, CX-4945 inhibited the IL-6/STAT3 and Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. Thus, CK2 has a crucial role in regulating the Th17/Treg balance.</P>

Homeobox protein Hhex negatively regulates Treg cells by inhibiting Foxp3 expression and function

Jang, Sung Woong,Hwang, Soo Seok,Kim, Hyeong Su,Kim, Min Kyung,Lee, Woo Ho,Hwang, Soh Un,Gwak, Jinu,Yew, Si Kyoung,Flavell, Richard A.,Lee, Gap Ryol National Academy of Sciences 2019 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.116 No.51

<P><B>Significance</B></P><P>Regulatory T (Treg) cells play an essential role in maintaining immune homeostasis. Studying factors that control Treg differentiation and function are critically important to understand immune homeostasis. In this manuscript, we discovered that transcription factor Hhex exerts an inhibitory effect on Treg cell differentiation and function. Hhex-overexpressing Treg cells lose their Foxp3 expression and fail to suppress immune responses. Hhex directly binds to Foxp3 protein and the <I>Foxp3</I> locus and inhibits expression of Foxp3 and its target genes. Thus, Hhex plays an essential role in inhibiting Treg cell differentiation and function via inhibition of Foxp3. This study will benefit clinical research in developing a therapeutic strategy for Treg cell-related diseases.</P><P>Regulatory T (Treg) cells play an essential role in maintaining immune homeostasis, but the suppressive function of Treg cells can be an obstacle in the treatment of cancer and chronic infectious diseases. Here, we identified the homeobox protein Hhex as a negative regulator of Treg cells. The expression of Hhex was lower in Treg cells than in conventional T (Tconv) cells. Hhex expression was repressed in Treg cells by TGF-β/Smad3 signaling. Retroviral overexpression of Hhex inhibited the differentiation of induced Treg (iTreg) cells and the stability of thymic Treg (tTreg) cells by significantly reducing Foxp3 expression. Moreover, Hhex-overexpressing Treg cells lost their immunosuppressive activity and failed to prevent colitis in a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). <I>Hhex</I> expression was increased; however, <I>Foxp3</I> expression was decreased in Treg cells in a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction, a type I immune reaction. Hhex directly bound to the promoters of <I>Foxp3</I> and other Treg signature genes, including <I>Il2ra</I> and <I>Ctla4</I>, and repressed their transactivation. The homeodomain and N-terminal repression domain of Hhex were critical for inhibiting Foxp3 and other Treg signature genes. Thus, Hhex plays an essential role in inhibiting Treg cell differentiation and function via inhibition of Foxp3.</P>