Comparison of Melanoma Subtypes among Korean Patients by Morphologic Features and Ultraviolet Exposure

( Hong Sun Jang ),( Jee Hung Kim ),( Kyu Hyun Park ),( Jae Seok Lee ),( Jung Min Bae ),( Byung Ho Oh ),( Sun Young Rha ),( Mi Ryung Roh ),( Kee Yang Chung ) 대한피부과학회 2014 Annals of Dermatology Vol.26 No.4

Background: Genetic alterations have been identified in melanomas according to different levels of sun exposure. Whereas the conventional morphology-based classification provides a clue for tumor growth and prognosis, the new classification by genetic alterations offers a basis for targeted therapy. Objective: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the biological behavior of melanoma subtypes and compare the two classifications in the Korean population. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on patients found to have malignant melanoma in Severance Hospital from 2005 to 2012. Age, sex, location of the tumor, histologic subtype, tumor depth, ulceration, lymph node invasion, visceral organ metastasis, and overall survival were evaluated. Results: Of the 206 cases, the most common type was acral melanoma (n=94, 45.6%), followed by nonchronic sun damage-induced melanoma (n=43, 20.9%), and mucosal melanoma (n=40, 19.4%). Twenty-one patients (10.2%) had the chronic sun-damaged type, whereas eight patients (3.9%) had tumors of unknown primary origin. Lentigo maligna melanoma was newly classified as the chronic sun-damaged type, and acral lentiginous melanoma as the acral type. More than half of the superficial spreading melanomas were newly grouped as nonchronic sun-damaged melanomas, whereas nodular melanoma was rather evenly distributed. Conclusion: The distribution of melanomas was largely similar in both the morphology-based and sun exposure-based classifications, and in both classifications, mucosal melanoma had the worst 5-year survival owing to its tumor thickness and advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. (Ann Dermatol 26(4) 485~490, 2014)

친환경적 여가스포츠활동과 환경의식 및 친환경적 소비행동의 관계

김형룡,박순문,장은정 한국학교체육학회 2004 한국학교 체육학회지 Vol.14 No.1

본 연구는 친환경적 여가스포츠활동과 환경의식 및 친환경적 소비행동과의 관계를 규명하는데에 목적이 있다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 연구대상은 친환경적 여가스포츠 참여자를 집락 무선 표집(cluster random sampling)법으로 표본을 추출하여 친환경적 여가스포츠 참가자와 비참가자의 비율을 선정하여 335명을 표집하였다. 본 연구에서는 사용한 조사도구는 설문지로서 친환경적 여가스포츠활동, 환경의식 및 친환경적 소비행동을 측정하는 문항으로 구성하였다. 환경의식 측정도구는 Maloney(1975)등이 개발한 환경관련 태도를 박숙희(1992)가 우리나라 실정에 맞게 번안하여 제작한 설문지를 친환경적 소비행동은 민현선·이기춘(1999)이 개발한 설문지로 구성하였다. 자료처리는 신뢰성이 없는 자료는 분석대상에서 제외시키고 Windows용 SPSS/PC10.0 Version을 이용하여 분석목적에 따라 기술통계분석(descriptive analysis), 신뢰도분석(reliabilityanalysis), 일원변량분석(one-way ANOVA), t-test, 중다회귀분석(multiple regression analysis)을 사용하였다. 본 연구의 가설을 토대로 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 인구통계학적 특성에 따른 환경의식과 친환경적 소비행동은 부분적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 둘째, 친환경적 여가스포츠활동 참가유무에 따른 환경의식 및 친환경적 소비행동은 부분적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 셋째, 친환경적 스포츠 참가정도는 환경의식과 친환경적 소비행동에 부분적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 친환경적 여가스포츠활동 참가자의 환경의식은 소비행동에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. The purposes of this study was to identify the relationship between environmental awareness and nature-friendly spending behavior of nature-friendly sports participants. For accomplishing this purposes, the 335 subjects were selected using stratified cluster random sampling method from the nature-friendly sports areas such as for paragliding, hang-gliding, mountain climbing, ski, water-ski, and skin-scuba diving. The data for the study was collected through the survey questionnaires. The questionnaires for environmental awareness had been developed by Maloney(1975) and standardied korean language by Lee(1992). The questionnaires for nature-friendly spending behavior had been developed by Min & Lee(1999). The statistics used for data analysis were Cronbach'a, descriptive analysis, reliability analysis, one-way ANOVA, t-test and multiple regression analysis. From the analysis of the data, the conclusions of the study were obtained as follows; First, environmental awareness and nature-friendly spending behavior are different according to the socio-demographic characteristics. Second, environmental awareness and nature-friendly spending behavior are different according to the nature-friendly sports participants(enter for). Third, the relationship between the nature-friendly sports participants(term. frequency. strong) and environmental awareness and nature-friendly spending behavior has some relations statistically. Fourth, environmental awareness according to the nature-friendly sports participants and nature-friendly spending behavior has some relations statistically.

광주민중항쟁 피해자들과 그 가족들의 심리사회적 문제에 대한 사회사업적 접근 : 사례를 중심으로

최선령 목포대학교 여성문제연구소 1996 여성연구 Vol.4 No.-

복강경 수술로 절제한 소장의 장간막 유건종 1예

노경태,성순희,이령아 이화여자대학교 의과학연구소 2012 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.35 No.1

Desmoid tumor is rare neoplasm originated from fibrous sheath or musculoaponeurotic structure. It is classified as benign tumor histologically, but clinically, it has malignant characteristics due to its infiltrative growth to adjacent organ and frequent local recurrence. Especially, mesenteric desmoid tumor shows poor prognosis because of its symptoms of pain, intestinal obstruction, ureter obstruction and fistula formation and high frequency of recurrence. We experienced a case of mesenteric desmoid tumor in a 64-year-old woman with a painless abdominal mass. Laparoscopic exploration was performed and 10 cm sized mesenteric mass was identified, which resected widely and the diagnosis was confirmed with desmoid tumor by pathologic report. We reviewed the feature of the mesenteric desmoid tumor, that is, pathophysiology, clinical presentations, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.

Cu 치환에 따른 Ni-Zn 페라이트의 전자파 흡수 특성

오영우,이선학,김종령,안용운,이승관 경남대학교 신소재연구소 2001 신소재연구 Vol.13 No.-

고상반응법을 이용하여 Ni_0.6-xCuZn_0.4Fe _2O_4(x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) ferrite 분말을 제조하고 1200℃에서 열처리하여 Cu 치환에 따른 입자변화와 전자파흡수 특성과의 관계를 조사하였다. Ni 자리에 Cu를 0.1mol 치환했을 때는 포화자화값은 큰 변화 없이 일정하였고 우수한 전자파습수능을 나타내었고, 그 이상 첨가 시는 포화자화값과 전자파흡수능은 직선적으로 감소하였다. Ni_0.6-xCuZn_0.4Fe _2O_4 ferrite powder was prepared by the solid-reaction method and sintered at 1200℃ and investigated grain size related with electromagnetic wave absorbing properties were investigated as a function of Cu substitution. The saturation magnetization and electromagnetic wave absorbing efficiency were rarely changed until substitution of Cu 0.1mol into Ni-site, but decreased strongly over 0.1mol Cu,

대장암 조직에서 Western Blotting을 이용한 Survivin의 발현

강성구,이령아,김인경,문선미,황대용 대한대장항문학회 2003 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.19 No.6

악성흑색점흑색종 19예에 대한 임상 및 병리 조직학적 연구

홍원진 ( Won Jin Hong ),장홍선 ( Hong Sun Jang ),이상희 ( Sang Hee Lee ),이상은 ( Sang Eun Lee ),정기양 ( Kee Yang Chung ),노미령 ( Mi Ryung Roh ) 대한피부과학회 2016 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.54 No.10

Background: Lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM) is a subtype of melanoma that typically develops on sun-damaged skin. LMM is estimated to comprise 4∼15% of melanomas, but the prevalence is known to be relatively lower in the Korean population than in the Caucasian population. Objective: To review the clinico-pathologic features and treatment outcomes of Korean patients with LMM. Methods: Nineteen patients diagnosed with LMM during 2003∼2015, in the Yonsei University Health System, were included in this study. The age and sex of the patients, lesion location, thickness (Breslow), stage, treatment methods, BRAF, NRAS, and KIT mutation status, and survival rates were analyzed. Results: Among the 19 Korean patients, 11 were male and 8 were female. The median age was 59.2 years. The most common site was the cheek (47.4%), followed by the scalp, eyelid, nose, forehead, lip, and neck. At the time of diagnosis, 13 patients were in localized stages (5 patients, stage 0; 3 patients, stage I; and 5 patients, stage II) and 6 patients were in advanced stages (3 patients, stage III; and 3 patients, stage IV). Patients in the localized stages showed better overall survival (OS) than those in the advanced stages (p=0.012). Nine patients were treated with a wide excision, and 6 using Mohs micrographic surgery. Three patients received high-dose interferon-α therapy; 6, chemotherapy; and 4, radiotherapy. Two patients in stage 0 were treated with topical ingenol mebutate. Two patients had BRAF V600E mutation; 1, NRAS G12R mutation; and 1, KIT mutation. Median OS of the patients was 40.8 months. Conclusion: Our analysis provides additional information about clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of LMM in Korean patients. (Korean J Dermatol 2016;54(10):769∼775)

Between the Local Governments and Producers

Sun Ryung Park(박선령),Joo-Youn Jung(정주연) 고려대학교 일민국제관계연구원 2015 국제관계연구 Vol.20 No.2

본 논문은 중국 희토류 산업 내에 만연한 밀수출 문제를 중국 중앙정부가 근절하지 못하는 원인을 분석한다. 중국의 희토류 밀수출 문제는 전략적 ․ 경제적 가치가 높은 희토류 자원을 보호하려는 중국 정부의 조치를 심각하게 저해한다는 문제점을 내포한다. 중국 정부가 밀수출 문제의 심각성을 공식적으로 제기한 2006년 이래로 이를 근절하기 위해 수출통제 및 산업통합정책이 시행되었으나 밀수출 근절에는 큰 효과를 발휘하지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 본 논문은 수출통제 및 산업통합정책 그 자체에 집중하는 기존의 연구들과 달리, 지방정부와 지방 소규모 희토류 생산기업들의 인센티브에 초점을 두고 있다. 희토류 외의 자원이 미비한 지역의 지방정부들은 관할 지역의 소규모 희토류 생산 기업들을 보호함으로써 세금수입을 극대화하고자 한다. 이러한 지방정부의 묵인 또는 방조하에, 생산능력 과잉상태인 소규모 희토류 생산기업들은 불법채굴과 밀수출을 지속하는 양상을 보인다. 본 논문은 중앙정부 소유의 대규모 국유기업 위주로 희토류 산업을 통합, 재편하려는 노력에도 불구하고 밀수출 문제가 쉽게 근절되기는 어려울 것이며, 중국이 전략적 레버리지로 희토류를 활용하는 전략을 저해할 수 있음을 시사한다. This paper analyzes the reason why the Chinese central government has not been able to eradicate the smuggling problem that is prevalent in its rare earth industry and hinders its attempts to protect its scarce resources, which is of great strategic importance and economic value. Since 2006 when the Chinese government officially recognized the gravity of the smuggling problem, export restriction policies and consolidation measures have been implemented to root out smuggling; however, illegal practices seem to have been little affected. This paper focuses not on the Chinese rare earth policies per se but on the incentives of two key actors: the local governments and the local small-scale producers of rare earth elements (REEs). The local governments of the rare earth abundant inland regions with few other resource advantages have an incentive to maximize tax revenues by protecting small-scale REEs producers in their jurisdictions. Given the connivance or acquiescence of the local governments and the domestic and international price gap, small-scale producers with overcapacity continue illegal mining and smuggling. This finding suggests that, despite the Chinese central government’s recent attempts to restructure the REEs industry based on central state-owned conglomerates, it would be difficult for it to eradicate rare earth smuggling within the near future, possibly hindering China’s resource strategy to utilize rare earths as a strategic leverage.

Centralization through Consolidation

Sun Ryung Park(박선령),Joo-Youn Jung(정주연) 고려대학교 평화와민주주의연구소 2017 평화연구 Vol.25 No.1

이 논문은 중국이 독점적 지위를 누리는 핵심 전략자원인 희토류 산업에서 지난 십여 년 동안 일어난 정책변화를 분석함으로써, WTO시대 중국의 전략산업 정책전환을 조명하고자 한다. 2000년대 후반 이후, 중국 중앙정부는 기존의 수출통제 중심의 희토류 산업정책에서 크게 선회, 산업구조의 합리화와 수출통제 폐지를 추진해왔다. 이 논문은 이러한 정책변화가 기실 자유화나 탈규제와는 거리가 먼 것으로, 파편적인 희토류산업을 통합과 중앙집중화를 통해 대규모 국유기업 중심으로 재편하고 산업전반을 보다 효율적인 중앙정부 통제 하에 두는 것을 목적으로 함을 보여준다. 이러한 희토류 산업정책은 중국이 전략적으로 중요한 국가 자원산업에 있어 중앙정부의 감독과 통제권을 강화하고 대형 국유기업의 독점체제를 만드는 형태로 정책을 전환하고 있음을 시사한다. This paper focuses on recent industrial policy changes in the Chinese rare earth industry, and attempts to show how the Chinese central government is shifting strategies for this important resource industry. Since the late 2000s, the Chinese central government has pursued consolidation of the highly fragmented rare earth industry into one dominated by large state-owned enterprise (SOE) groups under the control of the central government. This is far from liberalization and marketization as most media coverage and scholars have suggested. The Chinese central government is pursuing the centralization of the industry through nation-wide consolidation, which can make its intervention more effective and enhance the predominance of large SOEs under the name of efficiency.

Essential Role for c-jun N-terminal Kinase on tPA-induced Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Regulation in Rat Astrocytes

Lee, Sun-Ryung The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 2006 Integrative biosciences Vol.10 No.2

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is used to lyse clots and reperfuse brain in ischemic stroke. However, sideeffects of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and edema limit their clinical application. In part, these phenomena has been linked with elevations in matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in neurovascular unit. However little is known about their regulatory signaling pathways in brain cells. Here, I examine the role of MAP kinase pathways in tPA-induced MMP-9 regulation in rat cortical astrocytes. tPA $(1-10\;{\mu}g/ml)$ induced dose-dependent elevations in MMP-9 and MMP-2 in conditioned media. Although tPA increased phosphorylation in two MAP kinases (ERK, JNK), only inhibition of the JNK pathway by the JNK inhibitor SP600126 significantly reduced MMP-9 upregulation. Neither ERK inhibition with U0126 nor p38 inhibition with SB203580 had any significant effects. Taken together, these results suggest that c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) plays an essential role for tPA-induced MMP-9 upregulation.