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Phylogenetic and Chemical Analyses of Cirsium pendulum and Cirsium setidens Inhabiting Korea
Sun Kyun Yoo(유선균),Young-Min Bae(배영민) 한국생명과학회 2012 생명과학회지 Vol.22 No.8
국내에 자생 중인 큰엉겅퀴(Cirsium pendulum)를 강원도의 홍천, 원주, 평창, 양양 및 경기도 가평과 충청북도의 충주에서 채취하고, 고려엉겅퀴(Cirsium setidens)를 강원도의 태백 및 경상북도의 봉화에서 채취하였다. 채취된 식물들의 genomic DNA를 분리하여서 18S rDNA, ITS1, 5.8S rDNA, ITS2 및 28S rDNA의 일부를 증폭하고, 그 염기서열을 분석하였다. 이렇게 얻어진 염기서열을 GenBank에 등록하고, 서로 비교해 보았다. 그 결과 큰엉겅퀴는 6개체 모두에서 18S rDNA 및 5.8S rDNA의 염기서열은 서로 완전히 일치하고 있으나, ITS1과 ITS2의 염기서열에서는 약간의 차이를 보였다. 고려엉겅퀴의 경우에는 18S rDNA, ITS1 및 ITS2에서 2개체가 서로 비교적 큰 차이를 보였다. 일본의 홋카이도에서 채취된 큰엉겅퀴와 중국의 안휘성에서 채취된 엉겅퀴(Cirsium japonicum)를 포함하여서 ITS1과 ITS2 염기서열을 비교한 결과, 엉겅퀴, 큰엉겅퀴, 고려엉겅퀴는 확연하게 서로 다른 그룹을 형성하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 채취된 큰엉겅퀴 및 고려엉겅퀴들의 silymarin 함량을 분석해 본 결과, 모두에서 그 함량이 2 mg/ml가 넘는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 엉겅퀴뿐만 아니라 큰엉겅퀴나 고려엉겅퀴도 여러 가지 약리작용을 가진 것으로 보고된 silymarin을 상당히 높은 농도로 함유하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. Cirsium pendulum plants were collected from Hongcheon, Pyeongchang, Wonju, Yangyang in Kangwondo, Gapyeong in Gyeongkido, and Choongju in Choongcheongbukdo. Cirsium setidens plants were collected from Taebaek in Kangwondo and Bonghwa in Kyeongsangbukdo. Genomic DNA was prepared from those plants and used for the amplification of 18S rDNA, ITS1, 5.8S rDNA, ITS2, and part of 28S rDNA. The PCR products were sequenced, and the sequence was deposited in the GenBank. The comparison of those sequences has revealed that the rDNA sequences are identical for all six C. pendulum plants, but that the ITS1 and ITS2 sequences contain variable nucleotides. The two C. setidens plants had different nucleotides in 18S rDNA, ITS1, and ITS2. The comparison of the DNA sequences of C. pendulum and C. setidens collected in this study with C. pendulum of Hokkaido in Japan and C. japonicum of Anhui in China indicated that the plants of those three species are clearly divided into three distinct groups. The silymarin content of the collected plants was analyzed and turned out to be quite high. Therefore, it has been found that both C. pendulum and C. setidens plants are producing large amounts of silymarin, which has been reported to have various medicinal effects.
Yoo, Sun Kyun,Gaugler, Randy,Brey, Christopher W. 한국산업미생물학회 2001 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.29 No.2
공생 박테리아Photorhabdus sp. strain TF 균체량이 증가함에 따라서 병원성 선충 Heterorhabditis bacteriophora의 Infective Juveniles의 생산이 증가 되었다. 이 공생 박테리아의 성장 최적 조건은 각각 배양 온도 30℃ 그리고 초기 배지 pH 5.5 부터 7.3 사이에서 얻어졌다. 통기 상태에서 박테리아 균체의 생산과 성장이 촉진됨이 밝혀졌다. Photorhabdus sp. strain TF 박테리아의 성장 중 생산된 색소와 배양액의 pH의 변화는 박테리아의 성장 정도 나타내어 액체배양에서 병원성 선충 Heterorhabditis bacteriophora의 접종시기로 표시로서 이용할 수 있을 것이다. The yield of infective juveniles of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Tf strain) in vitro monoxenic liquid culture was improved significantly as the amount of symbiont biomass, Photorhabdus sp. strain Tf, increased. To investigate the influence of abiotic factors on the growth and biomass production of Photorhabdus sp. strain Tf, triplicate flask cultures were performed. The optinal temperature and medium pH for the growth of Photorhabdus sp. strain Tf were 30℃ and between pH 5.5~7.3, respectively. Aeration also improved greatly growth and yield of biomass of Photorhabdus sp. strain Tf. Photorhabdus sp. strain Tf in batch fermentation showed growth-associated pattern in terms of pigment production, and the pH of culture medium rose steadily until growth stopped during the fermentation. Both pigment production and culture pH rise would be useful parameters indicating a reliable growth of Photorhabdus sp. strain Tf.
Leuconostoc mesenteroides : Application and Prospects
Sun Kyun Yoo 한국유화학회 2017 한국유화학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.3
Leuconostoc mesenteroides as a bacterium associated with vegetable fermentations has been familiar to humane being since long time. This organism initiates the desirable lactic acid fermentation in these products. This bacterium differs from other lactic acid species in that it can tolerate fairly high concentration of salt and sugar (up to 50% sugar). Recently a strong interest about this strain has been extensively increased because these bacteria can produce functional foods such as various type of glucans, high quality of oligosaccharides, and mannitol. Dextransucrase of L. mesenteroides synthesizes either linear α-1,6 glucose linkage or branched type (α-1,6 glucose backbone and α-1,4, α -1,3, and α-1,2 glucose branch) glucan. Glucans are used for food ingredients such as dietary fiber, texturizer, and anticaking agent. For medical field they have been used as blood plasma expenders and blood flow improvers. The recent studies have showed the strong possibility that the controlled size of glucans could be used for new drug delivery agents. In the presence of other sugars, called acceptors, the dextransucrase is shifted toward oligosaccharides synthesis by successive transfers of the glucose residue of sucrose to the non-reducing end of the acceptor. These oligosaccharides have a strong applicability to cosmetic, food, and medical ingredients. Another important product by this strain is mannitol. Mannitol dehydrogenase of L. mesenteroides converts fructose to mannitol. As the demand of natural product increased, bio-techniques to produce natural mannitol by whole cells or enzymes have been emerged.
Yoo, Sun Kyun,Kim, Do Man,Donal F. Day 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2001 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.11 No.4
The influence of process conditions on highly branched glucooligosaccharides production by mixed culture of Leuconostoc mesenteroides ATCC 13146 and Lipomyces starkeyi ATCC 74054 was studied. We divided the batch culture fermentations into two groups according to inoculation method. One-point inoculation was performed by coinoculation of L. mesenteroides and L. starkeyi at the ratio of 10 to 1, and two-point inoculation by L. mesenteroides inoculation first and L. starkeyi inoculation after L. mesenteroides grew to the end of the log phase of growth. Two-point inoculation improved the yield of oligosaccharide by 1.5 to 2.0 fold more than one-point inoculation. In this process, the highest yield of oligosaccharides (48% of theoretical yield) and productivity (0.85 g/l/h) were obtained with starch as an initial substrate for L. starkeyi growth. The estimated composition of the end product consisted of 31.5% oligosaccharides, 17.6% dextran, and 46.5% mannitol.
Yoo, Sun Kyun,Brown, Lan,Cohen,Nancy,Gaugler, Randy 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2001 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.11 No.4
The biological control potential of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) can be enhanced by improved culture efficiency. Optimization of the media is a key factor for improving in vitro mass production of entomopathogenic nematodes. This study reports the effect of medium concentration. The medium is a combination of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, salts, and growth factors, on the growth of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and its symbiotic bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens. The overall optimal medium concentration for nematode recovery, hermaphrodite size, bacterial mass, infective juveniles (IJs) yield, and doubling time was 84g/l. At this concentration rate, the doubling time of IJs production and the biomass of symbiotic bacteria was 1.6 days and 12.8g/l, respectively. The maximum yield of 2.4×10 exp(5)IJs/ml was attained within a one-generation cycle (eight days). The yield coefficient was 2.8×10 exp(6)IJs/g medium, and the maximum productivity was 3.1×10 exp(7)IJs per day. Medium concentration affected two independent factors, recovery and hermaphrodite size, which in turn influenced the final yield.
Co-Production of Dextran and Mannitol by Leuconostoc mesenteroides
YOO, SUN KYUN,KIM, DOMAN,DONAL F.DAY 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2001 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.11 No.5
To optimize co-production of dextran and mannitol from sucrose by Leuconostoc mesenterides ATCC 13146, a batch culture fermentation was conducted by using various concentrations of sucrose and initial culture pHs. The production of dextran and mannitol showed a growth-associated pattern. The highest yields of both dextran and mannitol were obtained at pH 6.0 and 10% (w/v) sucrose. They could be easily separated by using alcohol fractionation. Maximum yields of dextran and mannitol were 0.45 and 0.35 of the consumed sucrose, respectively. Overall productivities of dextran and mannitol were 1.47 and 0.37 g/l/h, respectively.