Prediction of Growth of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in Lettuce Treated with Alkaline Electrolyzed Water at Different Temperatures

Tian Ding,Yong-Guo Jin,S. M. E. Rahman,Jai-Moung Kim,Kang-Hyun Choi,Gye-Sun Choi,오덕환 한국식품위생안전성학회 2009 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.24 No.3

This study was conducted to develop a model for describing the effect of storage temperature (4, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35oC) on the growth of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in ready-to-eat (RTE) lettuce treated with or without (control) alkaline electrolyzed water (AIEW). The growth curves were well fitted with the Gompertz equation, which was used to determine the specific growth rate (SGR) and lag time (LT) of E. coli O157 : H7 (R2 = 0.994). Results showed that the obtained SGR and LT were dependent on the storage temperature. The growth rate increased with increasing temperature from 4 to 35oC. The square root models were used to evaluate the effect of storage temperature on the growth of E. coli O157 : H7 in lettuce samples treated without or with AIEW. The coefficient of determination (R2), adjusted determination coefficient (R2 Adj), and mean square error (MSE) were employed to validate the established models. It showed that R2 and R2 Adj were close to 1 (> 0.93), and MSE calculated from models of untreated and treated lettuce were 0.031 and 0.025, respectively. The results demonstrated that the overall predictions of the growth of E. coli O157 : H7 agreed with the observed data. This study was conducted to develop a model for describing the effect of storage temperature (4, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35oC) on the growth of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in ready-to-eat (RTE) lettuce treated with or without (control) alkaline electrolyzed water (AIEW). The growth curves were well fitted with the Gompertz equation, which was used to determine the specific growth rate (SGR) and lag time (LT) of E. coli O157 : H7 (R2 = 0.994). Results showed that the obtained SGR and LT were dependent on the storage temperature. The growth rate increased with increasing temperature from 4 to 35oC. The square root models were used to evaluate the effect of storage temperature on the growth of E. coli O157 : H7 in lettuce samples treated without or with AIEW. The coefficient of determination (R2), adjusted determination coefficient (R2 Adj), and mean square error (MSE) were employed to validate the established models. It showed that R2 and R2 Adj were close to 1 (> 0.93), and MSE calculated from models of untreated and treated lettuce were 0.031 and 0.025, respectively. The results demonstrated that the overall predictions of the growth of E. coli O157 : H7 agreed with the observed data.

Isolation and characterization of Bradh1 gene encoding alcohol dehydrogenase from Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa)

Sailila E. Abdula,이혜정,Reneeliza J. Melgar,Mingmao Sun,강권규,조용구 한국식물생명공학회 2011 식물생명공학회지 Vol.38 No.1

Alcohol dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.1) is an enzyme present in higher plants involved in the anaerobic fermentation pathway that catalyzes the reduction of pyruvate to ethanol, resulting in continuous NAD^(+) regeneration. It also plays an important role in many plant developments including tolerance to anoxia condition. Here, a cDNA clone encoding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was isolated from Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) seedlings. The gene named Bradh1 had a total length of 1,326 bp that contains a single open reading frame of 1,140 bp. The predicted protein consists of 379 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 41.17 kDa. Expression pattern analysis revealed a tissue-specific expressing gene in different tissues and strongly expressed in the shoot, roots and seeds of Chinese cabbage. Agrobacterium transformation of full-length cDNA Bradh1 into rice Gopumbyeo showed high efficiency. Furthermore, induction of ADH in transgenic rice enhanced tolerance to anaerobiosis stresses and elevated mRNA transcripts. The overexpression of Bradh1 in rice increases germination under anaerobiosis stresses, implying the possibility of developing new varieties suited for direct seeding or flood-prone rice field.

Analysis of HTML Structure in E-commerce Websites Using Tree Representation

Jose E. Ventura,Jeong-Sun Park 대한안전경영과학회 2011 대한안전경영과학회지 Vol.13 No.4

개인화된 제품과 서비스에 대한 소비자의 요구는 성공적인 전자상거래 플랫폼을 기반으로 하고 있다. 성공적인 전자상거래 플랫폼을 개발함에 있어 자주 간과되고 있는 중요한 요소는 바로 웹 페이지의 HTML 구조이다. HTML 구조는 전자상거래 웹사이트의 속도와 랭킹을 결정짓는 기본적인 요소이다. 본 논문은 HTML 구조를 분석하기 위한 효율적이고 다소 생소한 시각화 기법을 제안하는데, 이러한 기법을 사용하여 개발자는 잠재적인 프로그래밍 오류와 개선 사항을 발견할 수 있다. 본 논문은 하나의 사례를 이용하여 제안된 기법을 더욱 구체화 시킨다

A Mixed-Methods Study Protocol for Soma Experiencing Motion Program (Soma e-motion Program): The Effectiveness of Contemplative Movement for Emotion Regulation

Mi-Sun Lee,Sun Je Kim,Jeong-Ho Chae,E-Jin Park,Wang Yeon Won,Yang-Whan Jeon,Hyu Jung Huh 대한신경정신의학회 2021 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.18 No.6

Somatics refers to body work and movement study that emphasize internal perception and experience. Recently, a new perspective has emerged that views somatics-based techniques as a kind of mindful movement. Somatic techniques as contemplative movement can improve emotional regulation ability through improvement of body awareness or interoception. Based on this background, the present study attempts to develop a somatics based program suitable for a group of clinical patients suffering from emotional dysregulation. This study plans to collect quantitative and qualitative data in order to clarify how interoception and the related emotional regulation ability change after the program. These findings will help to explore whether the somatics technique has potential as an emotion regulation program in the future. In addition, the results are expected to contribute to finding an alternative treatment modality for patients who have not achieved a sufficient effect with conventional psychotherapy.

m-Health Policy Readiness and Enabling Factors: Comparisons of Sub-Saharan Africa and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Countries

Lee, Seohyun,Begley, Charles E.,Morgan, Robert,Chan, Wenyaw,Kim, Sun-Young Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers 2018 Telemedicine and e-Health Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B><I>Background:</I></B><I>As an innovative solution to poor access to care in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), m-health has gained wide attention in the past decade.</I></P><P><B><I>Introduction:</I></B><I>Despite enthusiasm from the global health community, LMICs have not demonstrated high uptake of m-health promoting policies or public investment.</I></P><P><B><I>Materials and Methods:</I></B><I>To benchmark the current status, this study compared m-health policy readiness scores between sub-Saharan Africa and high-income Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries using an independent two-sample</I> t <I>test. In addition, the enabling factors associated with m-health policy readiness were investigated using an ordinal logistic regression model. The study was based on the m-health policy readiness scores of 112 countries obtained from the World Health Organization Third Global Survey on e-Health.</I></P><P><B><I>Results:</I></B><I>The mean m-health policy readiness score for sub-Saharan Africa was statistically significantly lower than that for OECD countries (</I>p<I> = 0.02). The enabling factors significantly associated with m-health policy readiness included information and communication technology development index (odds ratio [OR] 1.57; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12–2.2), e-health education for health professionals (OR 4.43; 95% CI 1.60–12.27), and the location in sub-Saharan Africa (OR 3.47; 95% CI 1.06–11.34).</I></P><P><B><I>Discussion:</I></B><I>The findings of our study suggest dual policy goals for m-health in sub-Saharan Africa. First, enhance technological and educational support for m-health. Second, pursue global collaboration for building m-health capacity led by sub-Saharan African countries with hands-on experience and knowledge.</I></P><P><B><I>Conclusion:</I></B><I>Globally, countries should take a systematic and collaborative approach in pursuing m-health policy with the focus on technological and educational support.</I></P>

Isolation and characterization of Bradh1 gene encoding alcohol dehydrogenase from Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa)

Abdula, Sailila E.,Lee, Hye-Jung,Melgar, Reneeliza J.,Sun, Mingmao,Kang, Kwon-Kyoo,Cho, Yong-Gu The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2011 식물생명공학회지 Vol.38 No.1

Alcohol dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.1) is an enzyme present in higher plants involved in the anaerobic fermentation pathway that catalyzes the reduction of pyruvate to ethanol, resulting in continuous $NAD^+$ regeneration. It also plays an important role in many plant developments including tolerance to anoxia condition. Here, a cDNA clone encoding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was isolated from Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) seedlings. The gene named Bradh1 had a total length of 1,326 bp that contains a single open reading frame of 1,140 bp. The predicted protein consists of 379 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 41.17 kDa. Expression pattern analysis revealed a tissue-specific expressing gene in different tissues and strongly expressed in the shoot, roots and seeds of Chinese cabbage. Agrobacterium transformation of full-length cDNA Bradh1 into rice Gopumbyeo showed high efficiency. Furthermore, induction of ADH in transgenic rice enhanced tolerance to anaerobiosis stresses and elevated mRNA transcripts. The overexpression of Bradh1 in rice increases germination under anaerobiosis stresses, implying the possibility of developing new varieties suited for direct seeding or flood-prone rice field.

온라인 공간에서의 지각적 인상차원과 문화의 관계 : 3D 온라인 서비스 '세컨드 라이프'를 대상으로

김자영(Kim Ja Young),한미지(Han Mi Ji),박주연(Park Joo Yeon),이미선(Lee Mi Sun),박수이(Park Su E) 한국디지털디자인학회 2012 디지털디자인학연구 Vol.12 No.1

현재, 소셜네트워크서비스(Social Network Service: SNS)는 다양한 문화권에서 선풍적인 인기를 끌고 있다. 이를 사용하는 목적은 다양한데, 주로 여러 사람들과 관계를 맺고 지속하기 위함이며, 새로운 정보를 교류하고자 함에 있다. SNS상에서 사람들은 관계를 맺으면서 상대방에 대한 인상을 형성하게 되는데, 이는 사용자의 문화성향에 따라 느끼는 인상이 달라질 수 있다. 본 연구는 이를 기반으로 최신기술로 각광받고 있는 3D SNS를 통해 온라인 지각적 인상과 문화차원 간의 관계를 밝히고자 한다. 이를 위하여, 다양한 문화권의 사용자들을 연구대상으로세 문화권 한국, 일본, 미국의 세컨드라이프 사용자들을 선정하였다. 이후, 이들에게 상대방의 아바타를 지각한 후 느끼는 인상과 사용자의 문화차원에 관하여 설문하였다. 이를 통해 얻은 데이터를 기반으로, 온라인 지각적 인상차원과 문화차원간의 관계를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 'MF3_이기적이다' 인상차원과 '불확실성 회피성향'의 문화차원이 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 기반 하여 불확실성 회피성향 정도에 따라 'MF3_이기적이다' 인상차원을 지각하는 데에 차이가 있는지 보고자 하였다. 그 결과, '불확실성 회피성향'이 높을수록 'MF3_이기적이다' 인상차원을 낮게 지각하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 문화성향에 의해 지각하는 인상에 차이가 있을 수 있음을 보여준다. Social Network Service is gaining huge popularity in many countries. People use this when they have relationships with many people and maintain relationships with their friends. They get an impression from their partners when they communicate with their partners. At this time, user's cultural traits have an effect on forming their partner's impression. Based on this, the purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between perceived e-impression and cultural dimension. For this goal, we recruited participants that use the second life in three countries (Korea, Japan, North America). A user survey was then conducted, focusing on e-impression and cultural dimensions. based on collected data from the survey, we analyzed the correlation between the perceived e-impression dimensions and the four cultural dimensions, 'MF3_Selfish' correlated with 'Uncertainty avoidance'. Users with lower uncertainty avoidance perceived the more 'Selfish' e-impression dimension than those with higher uncertainty avoidance.

동서양 사용자에 따른 온라인 인상 형성에 영향을 미치는 지각적 요소 : 3D 온라인 서비스 세컨드라이프를 중심으로

김자영(Kim Ja Young),박주연(Park Joo Yeon),한미지(Han Mi Ji),이미선(Lee Mi Sun),박수이(Park Su E) 한국디지털디자인학회 2012 디지털디자인학연구 Vol.12 No.2

오늘날, 다양한 문화권에서 많은 사람들이 소셜네트워크 서비스를 통하여 관계를 형성해나가고 있다. 이러한 관계 형성 과정 속에서 상대방의 인상을 형성하게 된다. 사용자는 상대방을 지각하여 인상을 형성하게 되는데, 이때에 사용자가 속한 문화권에 따라 지각하는 데에 차이가 있을 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이를 바탕으로 가상공간 상에서 동서양 문화권의 사용자가 지각하는 인상 형성요소를 밝히고자 하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 참가자들을 모집하였다. 동양 문화권에서는 한국, 서양 문화권에서는 캐나다, 미국을 선정하였다. 이들 중 스크리닝 기준에 맞는 참가자들을 선별하여 이들을 대상으로 심층인터뷰를 진행하였다. 이들에게 대상의 어떠한 부분을 지각하여 인상을 형성하였는지를 중점으로 질문하였다. 이러한 인터뷰를 진행하여 얻은 데이터들을 기반으로 정성적, 정량적 방법의 두 가지 분석을 실시하였다. 첫 번째 정성적 분석 결과, 동양 문화권의 사용자와 서양 문화권의 사용자 모두 '대의적' 요소를 가장 많이 주목하여 인상을 형성한 것으로 나타났다. 두 문화권 모두 대상의 세세한 특징을 더 주목하여 인상을 형성하는 것으로 나타났다. 두 번째 정성적 분석 결과에서는 두 문화권에서 모두 지각한 동일한 요소 또한 3개의 요소 중 '대의적' 요소가 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. 이를 제외한 각 문화권에서 지각한 요소들 부분에서 동양은 대상의 성격적 특성에 관한 요소들을 더 다양하게 지각하였다. 반면에 서양에서는 대상의 활동모습을 나타내는 요소들을 더 다양하게 지각하여 인상을 형성한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 정성적 분석을 토대로 정량적 분석을 실시한 결과, 동양이 서양보다 '대의적', '관계적', '정황적' 3개의 요소 모두 더 지각하여 인상을 형성한 것으로 나타났다. Nowadays, people from diverse cultures are forming relationships through Social Network Service. People create one's impression when they form a relationship. In this process, the differences are shown subject to their cultural backgrounds. Especially the significant differences between eastern and western cultures emerge in perceiving things and environments. The aim of this study is to work out impression forming factors which are perceived by the users from eastern and western culture. In order to conduct the research, we took participants from each culture, and chose a number of Koreans as the participants from eastern countries and also a number of Canadians and Americans as the representative of western cultures. And we conducted in-depth interview with both side of participants. We showed them the experimental stimulus and questioned about which part of it they perceived to form the impression. Basing on the data from the research, we analysed the result through Ground Theory. As result of analysis, the more participants in Eastern perceived 'representational', 'relational' and 'contextual' factors than in Western.

Production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from starch-rich food waste catalyzed by sulfonated biochar

Cao, Leichang,Yu, Iris K.M.,Chen, Season S.,Tsang, Daniel C.W.,Wang, Lei,Xiong, Xinni,Zhang, Shicheng,Ok, Yong Sik,Kwon, Eilhann E.,Song, Hocheol,Poon, Chi Sun Elsevier 2018 Bioresource technology Vol.252 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Sulfonated biochar derived from forestry wood waste was employed for the catalytic conversion of starch-rich food waste (e.g., bread) into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). Chemical and physical properties of catalyst were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, and elemental analysis. The conversion of HMF was investigated via controlling the reaction parameters such as catalyst loading, temperature, and reaction time. Under the optimum reaction conditions the HMF yield of 30.4 Cmol% (i.e., 22 wt% of bread waste) was achieved in the mixture of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)/deionized-water (DIW) at 180 °C in 20 min. The effectiveness of sulfonated biochar catalyst was positively correlated to the density of strong/weak Brønsted acidity (SO<SUB>3</SUB>H, COOH, and OH groups) and inversely correlated to humins content on the surface. With regeneration process, sulfonated biochar catalyst displayed excellent recyclability for comparable HMF yield from bread waste over five cycles.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> HMF yield of 30.4 Cmol% (∼20 wt%) from bread waste was achieved at 180 °C in 20 min. </LI> <LI> SBC loading, temperature, and reaction time controlled starch conversion route. </LI> <LI> HMF yield was in line with the total acidity density (TAD) of SBC. </LI> <LI> TAD of recovered biochar catalysts was inversely correlated with humins content. </LI> <LI> With regeneration, SBC displayed comparable performance and excellent recyclability. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

韓國人正常人 및 高血壓患者의 血漿 Renin 活性度에 關한 硏究 : Ⅰ. Renin分泌刺戟을 爲한 負荷試驗方法에 依한 韓國人正常人 및 高血壓患者의 血漿 Renin 活性度의 特徵 Ⅰ. Characteristics of Plasma Renin Activity after Double Loading Test in Normal Person and Hypertension

孫宜錫,李楨均,許鳳烈,咸駿洙,金星潤,金鮮宙,李安耆,高昌舜,崔康元 대한의학협회 1977 대한의학협회지 Vol.20 No.7