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Facial Age Estimation Using Convolutional Neural Networks Based on Inception Modules
Bolortuya Sukh-Erdene,Hyun-chong Cho(조현종) 대한전기학회 2018 전기학회논문지 Vol.67 No.9
Automatic age estimation has been used in many social network applications, practical commercial applications, and human–computer interaction visual-surveillance biometrics. However, it has rarely been explored. In this paper, we propose an automatic age estimation system, which includes face detection and convolutional deep learning based on an inception module. The latter is a 22-layer-deep network that serves as the particular category of the inception design. To evaluate the proposed approach, we use 4,000 images of eight different age groups from the Adience age dataset. k-fold cross-validation (k = 5) is applied. A comparison of the performance of the proposed work and recent related methods is presented. The results show that the proposed method significantly outperforms existing methods in terms of the exact accuracy and off-by-one accuracy. The off-by-one accuracy is when the result is off by one adjacent age label to the above or below. For the exact accuracy, the age label of “60+” is classified with the highest accuracy of 76%.
Morphological Characteristics of the Thalamoperforating Arteries
Park, Sukh-Que,Bae, Hack-Gun,Yoon, Seok-Mann,Shim, Jai-Joon,Yun, Il-Gyu,Choi, Soon-Kwan The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2010 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.47 No.1
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological characteristics of the thalamoperforating arteries that arise from the P1 segment of the posterior cerebral artery. Methods: Thalamoperforating arteries located in the interpeduncular fossa were dissected in 26 formalin-fixed human cadaver brains. We investigated the origin site of thalamoperforating arteries from the P1 segment, number and diameter. and variations in their origin. Results: Thalamoperforating arteries arose from the superior, posterior or posterosuperior surfaces of the P1 segment at the mean 1.93 mm (range, 0.41-4.71 mm) distance from the basilar apex and entered the brain through the posterior perforated substance. The average number was 3.6 (range 1-8) and mean diameter was 0.70 mm (range 0.24-1.18 mm). Thalamoperforating arteries could be classified into five different types according to their origin at the P1 segment: Type I (bilateral multiple), 38.5%; Type II (unilateral single, unilateral multiple), 26.9%; Type III (bilateral single), 19.2%; Type IV (unilateral single), 11.5%; Type V (unilateral multiple), 3.8%. In 15.4% of all specimens. thalamoperforating arteries arose from the only one side of P1 segment and were not noted in the other side. In such cases, the branches arising from the one side of P1 segment supplied the opposite side. Conclusion: Variations in the origin of the thalamoperforating arteries should be keep in mind to perform the surgical clipping, endovascular treatment or operation involving the interpeduncular fossa. In particular, unilateral single branch seems to be very risky and significant for surgical technique or endovascular treatment.
한대석 ( Dae Sukh Han ) 한국동서철학회 2015 동서철학연구 Vol.77 No.-
마음이란 본질적으로 주관적이며 “전도 스펙트럼 시나리오”는 마음의 저 주관적 본성으로부터 자연스럽게 따라 나오는 귀결이라는 여전한 믿음이 거리를 배회하고 있다. 그러나 전도 스펙트럼 시나리오의 가능성이 마음의 본성에 달린 문제라는 믿음은사태를 제대로 보지 못한 소치에 불과하다. 우선, 전도 스펙트럼 시나리오는, 그 통상적인 개진 방식에 있어, 관련 사태에 전연 적중해 있지 못하다. 정조준 되었어야 했을 것은, 대신에, 색깔 이름에 대한 즉물적 정의이다. 누군가에게 전도 스펙트럼 시나리오가 가능해 보인다면 그것은 (부분적으로) 그가 즉물적 정의에 관한 의미론적 무지에 빠져 있기 때문이다. 전도 시나리오란 도대체 이해 불가능하다 그리고 이것을 보이는 데는 도대체 어떤 것이 이름이라는 것이 무엇인지에 대한 올바른 이해만으로 충분하다. 그렇다면, 전도 시나리오의 가능성을 판별하기 위해 마음이 본질적으로 주관적인지 객관적인지를 놓고 쟁론을 벌여 온 그간의 문헌은 논리적 잉여의 오류에 빠져 있었던 것이다. 만약 문제되는 것이 전도 시나리오 가능성 여부 오직 그것이라면, 저 문제는 마음의 본성과는 애초부터 무관하다. 그간의 오조준은 즉물적 정의의 논리가 제대로 이해되지 않았기 때문이다. According to the inverted spectrum scenario, things we both call “red” can look to you the way things we both call “green” look to me, even though we are functionally (and therefore behaviorally) identical. I claim that the scenario does not make sense, and that one thinks otherwise only because of his or her lack of clarity about what it is for something to be a name. Because a name is a function of ostensive definition, I delve into the logic of ostensive definition. This↗ in the context of an ostensive definition, contrary to common belief, is not a thing in the ordinary sense of the word, but it is itself part of our language. As a result, this↗ in the context of an ostensive definition does not lead an existence independently from the name to be defined. Consequently, it is impossible for us to correlate two distinct names to one and the same this↗. Without that correlation, however, the inverted scenario falls apart.
Nanette Bragin,Sukh Amgalanbaatar,Ganchimeg Wingard,Richard P. Reading 국립중앙과학관 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.10 No.3
Spatially-explicit wildlife habitat models, such as a Habitat Suitability Index Model (HSIM), are increasingly used to understand optimal environmental conditions needed for a species survival and viability. HSIM compares different environmental variables, including vegetation, slope, and aspect to determine optimal habitat for a species. HSIM can compare a species’ use of resources with availability and determine risks for a species viability. Furthermore, decision makers can use HSIM to make decisions regarding resources needed for species of concern and development of protected areas. We used a geographic information system to create a HSIM for Argali sheep (Ovis ammon) and Siberian ibex (Capra siberica), species of conservation concern in Mongolia. We used vegetation and ruggedness layers and compared argali and ibex use with habitat availability. Argali and ibex presence correlated with three habitat classes: dense rock, low-density shrub, and short grass/forb. We found no significance in correlation for ruggedness.
Unexpected Severe Cerebral Edema after Cranioplasty : Case Report and Literature Review
Lee, Gwang Soo,Park, Sukh Que,Kim, Rasun,Cho, Sung Jin The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2015 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.46 No.4
This report details a case of unexpected, severe post-operative cerebral edema following cranioplasty. We discuss the possible pathological mechanisms of this complication. A 50-year-old female was admitted to our department with sudden onset of stuporous consciousness. A brain computed tomography (CT) revealed a subarachnoid hemorrhage with intracranial hemorrhage and subdural hematoma. Emergency decompressive craniectomy and aneurysmal neck clipping were performed. Following recovery, the decision was made to proceed with an autologous cranioplasty. The cranioplasty procedure was free of complications. An epidural drain was placed and connected to a suction system during skin closure to avoid epidural blood accumulation. However, following the procedure, the patient had a seizure in the recovery room. An emergency brain CT scan revealed widespread cerebral edema, and the catheter drain was clamped. The increased intracranial pressure and cerebral edema were controlled with osmotic diuretics, corticosteroids, and antiepileptic drugs. The edema slowly subsided, but new low-density areas were noted in the brain on follow-up CT 1 week later. We speculated that placing the epidural drain on active suction may have caused an acute decrease in intracranial pressure and subsequent rapid expansion of the brain, which impaired autoregulation and led to reperfusion injury.
Shin, Dong-Seong,Park, Sukh-Que,Kang, Hyun-Seung,Yoon, Seok-Mann,Cho, Jae-Hoon,Lim, Dong-Jun,Baik, Min-Woo,Kwon, O Ki,Kim, Bum-Tae The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2014 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.55 No.3
The need for standard endovascular neurosurgical (ENS) training programs and certification in Korea cannot be overlooked due to the increasing number of ENS specialists and the expanding ENS field. The Society of Korean Endovascular Neurosurgeons (SKEN) Certification Committee has prepared training programs and certification since 2010, and the first certificates were issued in 2013. A task force team (TFT) was organized in August 2010 to develop training programs and certification. TFT members researched programs and systems in other countries to develop a program that best suited Korea. After 2 years, a rough draft of the ENS training and certification regulations were prepared, and the standard training program title was decided. The SKEN Certification Committee made an official announcement about the certification program in March 2013. The final certification regulations comprised three major parts: certified endovascular neurosurgeons (EN), certified ENS institutions, and certified ENS training institutions. Applications have been evaluated and the results were announced in June 2013 as follows: 126 members received EN certification and 55 hospitals became ENS-certified institutions. The SKEN has established standard ENS training programs together with a certification system, and it is expected that they will advance the field of ENS to enhance public health and safety in Korea.