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The Flowering of Optimality Theory: Ponapean Nasal Substituion and the Problem of Intermediate Forms
Stuart Davis 한국음운론학회 2000 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.6 No.2
Davis, Stuart. 2000. The Flowering of Optimality Theory: Ponapean Nasal Substitution and the Problem of Intermediate Forms. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 6.2. 249-305. One of the challenges that has confronted Optimality Theory resides in Phenomena that seem to require reference to an intennediate fonn that is neither the underlying input nor some actual occurring output. Typically, in rule-based phonology, such phenomeana reflect opaque rule interaction involving counterfeeding or counterbleeding relationships. In order to account for such pheneomena in Optimality Theory, McCarthy(1997) Proposes that an Optimality-theoretic grammar can permit candidate-to-candidate faithfulness. In this paper I show that the incorporation of candidate-to-candidate faithfulness allows for an insightful analysis of the different patterns of nasal substitution found in reduplication and suffixation in Ponapean. The analysis offered here avoids the shortcomings of previous analyses, accurately captures the generalization as to when nasal substitution occurs, and offers striking evidence for the nature of opacity in Optimality Theory independent of rule-based notions like counterfeeding and counterbleeding. (Indiana University)
Stuart Davis 현대문법학회 2001 현대문법연구 Vol.24 No.-
Stuart Davis. 2001. The Distribution of Aspirated Stops and /h/ in American English. Studies in Modern Grammar 24, 1-23. Languages that have both aspirated stops and the phoneme /h/ frequently manifest a close parallel in their distribution. Previous work in phonology either has failed to recognize this close parallel or does not formally account for it. For example, virtually none of the work on American English phonology observes the similarity of distribution that exists between /h/ and aspirated stops. In this paper we illustrate the close parallelism and then offer an analysis of it within Optimality Theory. The organization of this paper is as follows. In Section I we present the data that show the parallel distribution between /h/ and aspirated stops in American English. In Section 2 we develop an optimality-theoretic analysis accounting for the distribution of aspirated stops and /h/ in American English in a unified way. In Section 3 we discuss two other possible approaches in accounting for the distribution of /h/ and aspirated stops in American English and note their shortcomings. Finally, in Section 4 we briefly consider the distribution of aspiration and /h/ beyond American English and show the range of distribution patterns that are predicted to occur under the optimality-theoretic approach.
Stuart Davis,Karen Baertsch 세종대학교 언어연구소 2012 Journal of Universal Language Vol.13 No.2
This paper first contrasts formal versus functional explanations for language processes. It suggests that the different types of explanation can be brought together to offer deeper understanding of language processes. It illustrates this by giving a detailed account of vowel epenthesis in the Native American language Winnebago that references a universal theory of syllable structure.
English Loanwords and the Word-Final [t] Problem in Korean
Davis, Stuart,Kang, Hyunsook 서울대학교 언어교육원 (구 서울대학교 어학연구소) 2006 語學硏究 Vol.42 No.2
English nouns that are borrowed into Korean as ending in [t] are lexicalized as if they ended in /s/. While some researchers have suggested that the lexicalization of word final [t] as /s/ reflects a general weakening process or involves something specific to loanwords, we will argue that the borrowing of English word final [t] as lexical /s/ in Korean is purely a matter internal to the morphophonology of Korean. While our claim is not a new claim since the idea is present in some of the recent literature, the detailed analysis of this within Optimality Theory and its formal connection to cases of paradigm leveling elsewhere in Korean nominal morphology as well as to diachrony is original.
Syllable Structure for an Artificial Language Based on Universal Principles
Davis, Stuart Institute for University Language Sejong Instituti 2002 Journal of Universal Language Vol.3 No.1
This paper discusses the type of syllables that should be found in a spoken artificial language based on the common types of syllables found in natural languages. The paper also examines the various units within the syllable, such as onset, nucleus, and coda, suggesting how the preferred structure of these units may be incorporated into an artificial language. One proposal that will emerge is that an artificial language needs to allow for at least a slight degree of complexity in its syllable structure. The paper further discusses related issue of prosody such as word stress and minimal word length in an artificial language. The paper concludes with an overview of the proposals made about syllable structure for an artificial language.
Leslie Davis Burns,Stuart Webster 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2015 Global Fashion Management Conference Vol.2015 No.06
Three learning modules on corporate social responsibility (Systems Processes Learning Module, Codes of Conduct Auditing Terminology, and Factory Audit Simulation) were developed and assessed in an upper division course in global fashion sourcing. Three forms of assessment resulted in revisions to the learning modules to meet the learning objectives.
Pitch-Pattern Diffusion of Generational Tone Change in North Kyungsang Korean English Loanwords
황영,Stuart Davis 서울대학교 언어교육원 2019 語學硏究 Vol.55 No.1
North Kyungsang (NK) Korean is a pitch accent language that uses both high and low tones. NK Korean permits only one accented syllable in a single prosodic word; therefore, if an accented stem is combined with an accented suffix, one of the underlying accents must be deleted. According to traditional observations, NK English loanwords always maintain their stem accent, unlike NK native words. However, our recent observations reveal that this unique loanword pattern seems to be changing, especially among the younger generations. To determine the existence of this suffixal tonal change, a production task was conducted with younger and older speakers of NK Korean. The results reveal that a pitch-pattern diffusion is in progress across the board in final accented NK English loanwords when combined with an accented suffix. Such loanwords seem to be losing their unique tone patterns and nativizing their suffixal accent. Although the diffusion is occurring in both younger and older speakers, the degree of diffusion differs and is quite patterned, based on the speakers’ age as well as the number of syllables and syllable structure of the words.