Arabidopsis lipase-a expression characterization and defense response against pathogen

Jihye Jung,Stephen Beungtae Ryu 한국농약과학회 2018 한국농약과학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.10

SCYL2 Genes Are Involved in Clathrin-Mediated Vesicle Trafficking and Essential for Plant Growth

Jung, Ji-Yul,Lee, Dong Wook,Ryu, Stephen Beungtae,Hwang, Inhwan,Schachtman, Daniel P. American Society of Plant Biologists 2017 Plant Physiology Vol.175 No.1

<P>Protein transport between organelles is an essential process in all eukaryotic cells and is mediated by the regulation of processes such as vesicle formation, transport, docking, and fusion. In animals, SCY1-LIKE2 (SCYL2) binds to clathrin and has been shown to play roles in trans-Golgi network-mediated clathrin-coated vesicle trafficking. Here, we demonstrate that SCYL2A and SCYL2B, which are Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) homologs of animal SCYL2, are vital for plant cell growth and root hair development. Studies of the SCYL2 isoforms using multiple single or double loss-of-function alleles show that SCYL2B is involved in root hair development and that SCYL2A and SCYL2B are essential for plant growth and development and act redundantly in those processes. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and a beta-glucuronidase-aided promoter assay show that SCYL2A and SCYL2B are differentially expressed in various tissues. We also show that SCYL2 proteins localize to the Golgi, trans-Golgi network, and prevacuolar compartment and colocalize with Clathrin Heavy Chain1 (CHC1). Furthermore, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and coimmunoprecipitation data show that SCYL2B interacts with CHC1 and two Soluble NSF Attachment Protein Receptors (SNAREs): Vesicle Transport through t-SNARE Interaction11 (VTI11) and VTI12. Finally, we present evidence that the root hair tip localization of Cellulose Synthase-Like D3 is dependent on SCYL2B. These findings suggest the role of SCYL2 genes in plant cell developmental processes via clathrin-mediated vesicle membrane trafficking.</P>

Lysophosphatidylethanolamine delays fruit softening of persimmon (Diospyros kaki)

Jihye Jung,Young-Pyo Lee,Sung-Woo Bae,Gwang-Hwan Ahn,Stephen Beungtae Ryu 한국원예학회 2019 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.60 No.4

We investigated the possibility of prolonging the freshness of persimmons ( Diospyros kaki ) for overseas export. Previous studies aimed at improving the shelf life of harvested persimmons focused on the synthetic gas 1-MCP, an inhibitor of ethylene perception. In this study, the natural lipid compound lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) was applied to prolong the freshness of persimmons. LPE signifi cantly delayed persimmon softening when applied not only during fruit growth, but also after harvest, or after a long period of post-harvest cold storage, simulating conditions of overseas export. LPE suppressed the expression of the softening-related genes ACS1 , ACO1 , ERF24 , DkUGD1 , DkCHI3 , and DkB - CHI1. These results reveal the eff ects of LPE on persimmon softening and the related molecular mechanisms and provide evidence that LPE can be used to delay persimmon softening.

Endoplasmic reticulum- and Golgi-localized phospholipase A2 plays critical roles in Arabidopsis pollen development and germination.

Kim, Hae Jin,Ok, Sung Han,Bahn, Sung Chul,Jang, Juno,Oh, Sung Aeong,Park, Soon Ki,Twell, David,Ryu, Stephen Beungtae,Shin, Jeong Sheop American Society of Plant Physiologists 2011 The Plant cell Vol.23 No.1

<P>The phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) superfamily of lipolytic enzymes is involved in a number of essential biological processes, such as inflammation, development, host defense, and signal transduction. Despite the proven involvement of plant PLA(2)s in many biological functions, including senescence, wounding, elicitor and stress responses, and pathogen defense, relatively little is known about plant PLA(2)s, and their genes essentially remain uncharacterized. We characterized three of four Arabidopsis thaliana PLA(2) paralogs (PLA(2)-β, -γ, and -δ) and found that they (1) are expressed during pollen development, (2) localize to the endoplasmic reticulum and/or Golgi, and (3) play critical roles in pollen development and germination and tube growth. The suppression of PLA(2) using the RNA interference approach resulted in pollen lethality. The inhibition of pollen germination by pharmacological PLA(2) inhibitors was rescued by a lipid signal molecule, lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine. Based on these results, we propose that plant reproduction, in particular, male gametophyte development, requires the activities of the lipid-modifying PLA(2)s that are conserved in other organisms.</P>

Seasonal Variation of Rubber Production in Russian Dandelion, Taraxacum kok-saghyz, Grown in Korea

Sandeep Kumar Tata,홍승백(Seung Baek Hong),배성우(Sung Woo Bae),박종찬(Jong-Chan Park),Stephen Beungtae Ryu 한국자원식물학회 2022 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.35 No.3

Russian dandelion, Taraxacum kok-saghyz L.E.Rodin, is an important alternative source of natural rubber. Thus, it is critical to identify the best season for natural rubber production and harvesting for this species. In this study, T. kok-saghyz was grown in experimental fields in Korea to check the variation in rubber content with the change in the season. Studies using T. kok-saghyz plants indicate that spring and autumn are the best seasons for rubber accumulation. For several reasons, our study suggests that planting in autumn and harvesting in late spring is the best strategy for economic cultivation in Korea. Our data will be useful for future commercialization of rubber production from T. kok-saghyz because time will be saved if the plant is grown and harvested in the optimum season.

Phospholipase A ₂ β mediates light-induced stomatal opening in <i>Arabidopsis</i>

Seo, Jiyoung,Lee, Hyoung Yool,Choi, Hyunju,Choi, Yunjung,Lee, Yuree,Kim, Yong-Woo,Ryu, Stephen Beungtae,Lee, Youngsook Oxford University Press 2008 Journal of experimental botany Vol.59 No.13

<P>Phospholipase A<SUB>2</SUB> (PLA<SUB>2</SUB>) catalyses the hydrolysis of phospholipids into lysophospholipids and free fatty acids. Physiological studies have indicated that PLA<SUB>2</SUB> is involved in stomatal movement. However, genetic evidence of a role of PLA<SUB>2</SUB> in guard cell signalling has not yet been reported. To identify <I>PLA</I><SUB>2</SUB> gene(s) that is (are) involved in light-induced stomatal opening, stomatal movement was examined in <I>Arabidopsis thaliana</I> plants in which the expression of <I>PLA</I><SUB>2</SUB> isoforms was reduced or knocked-out. Light-induced stomatal opening in <I>PLA</I><SUB>2</SUB><I>α</I> knockout plants did not differ from wild-type plants. Plants in which <I>PLA</I><SUB>2</SUB><I>β</I> was silenced by RNA interference exhibited delayed light-induced stomatal opening, and this phenotype was reversed by exogenous lysophospholipids, which are products of PLA<SUB>2</SUB>. Stomatal opening in transgenic plants that over-expressed PLA<SUB>2</SUB>β was faster than wild-type plants. The expression of <I>PLA</I><SUB>2</SUB><I>β</I> was localized to the endoplasmic reticulum of guard cells, and increased in response to light in the mature leaf. Aristolochic acid, which inhibits light-induced stomatal opening, inhibited the activity of purified PLA<SUB>2</SUB>β. Collectively, these results provide evidence that PLA<SUB>2</SUB>β is involved in light-induced stomatal opening in <I>Arabidopsis.</I></P>

Laticifer tissue-specific activation of the <i>Hevea SRPP</i> promoter in <i>Taraxacum brevicorniculatum</i> and its regulation by light, tapping and cold stress

Tata, Sandeep Kumar,Choi, Jun Young,Jung, Ji-Yul,Lim, Ka Yung,Shin, Jeong Sheop,Ryu, Stephen Beungtae Elsevier 2012 INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS Vol.40 No.-

<P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>► The <I>SRPP</I> promoter induces gene expression primarily in laticiferous tissues. ► The <I>SRPP</I> promoter responds to external conditions including light, tapping, and cold. ► The <I>SRPP</I> promoter is suitable for the latex-specific expression of a target gene(s) such as key rubber biosynthetic genes.</P> <P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><I>Hevea brasiliensis</I> is an important plant species currently cultivated for the commercial production of natural rubber. As the demand for rubber continues to increase, it is important to identify alternative sources of natural rubber and to increase plant rubber content using molecular approaches. <I>Taraxacum kok-saghyz</I>, a Russian dandelion, produces natural rubber that is of high quality. In this study, the <I>SMALL RUBBER PARTICLE PROTEIN</I> (<I>SRPP</I>) promoter from <I>H. brasiliensis</I> was characterized to determine its suitability for the expression of latex-specific genes in <I>Taraxacum brevicorniculatum</I> which is another Russian dandelion species of <I>T. kok-saghyz</I> from the similar geographical areas. Studies using transgenic <I>Taraxacum</I> plants carrying the <I>SRPP</I> promoter<I>::β-glucuronidase</I> (<I>GUS</I>) sequence indicate that the <I>SRPP</I> promoter does induce gene expression primarily in laticiferous tissues. Additionally, the promoter was regulated by various external conditions including light, tapping, and cold. These findings suggest that the <I>SRPP</I> promoter will be a useful molecular tool for the manipulation of gene expression in the laticiferous tissues of <I>Taraxacum</I> plant species.</P>

Cooperation and Functional Diversification of Two Closely Related Galactolipase Genes for Jasmonate Biosynthesis

Hyun, Youbong,Choi, Sungwook,Hwang, Hyun-Ju,Yu, Jihyeon,Nam, Sang-Jip,Ko, Jaeyoung,Park, Ju-Young,Seo, Young Sam,Kim, Eun Yu,Ryu, Stephen Beungtae,Kim, Woo Taek,Lee, Yong-Hwan,Kang, Heonjoong,Lee, Ilh Elsevier 2008 Developmental cell Vol.14 No.2

<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Jasmonic acid (JA) plays pivotal roles in diverse plant biological processes, including wound response. Chloroplast lipid hydrolysis is a critical step for JA biosynthesis, but the mechanism of this process remains elusive. We report here that <I>DONGLE</I> (<I>DGL</I>), a homolog of <I>DEFECTIVE IN ANTHER DEHISCENCE1</I> (<I>DAD1</I>), encodes a chloroplast-targeted lipase with strong galactolipase and weak phospholipase A<SUB>1</SUB> activity. <I>DGL</I> is expressed in the leaves and has a specific role in maintaining basal JA content under normal conditions, and this expression regulates vegetative growth and is required for a rapid JA burst after wounding. During wounding, <I>DGL</I> and <I>DAD1</I> have partially redundant functions for JA production, but they show different induction kinetics, indicating temporally separated roles: <I>DGL</I> plays a role in the early phase of JA production, and <I>DAD1</I> plays a role in the late phase of JA production. Whereas <I>DGL</I> and <I>DAD1</I> are necessary and sufficient for JA production, phospholipase D appears to modulate wound response by stimulating <I>DGL</I> and <I>DAD1</I> expression.</P>

Heterologous expression of chloroplast‐localized <i>geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase</i> confers fast plant growth, early flowering and increased seed yield

Tata, Sandeep Kumar,Jung, Jihye,Kim, Yoon‐,Ha,Choi, Jun Young,Jung, Ji‐,Yul,Lee, In‐,Jung,Shin, Jeong Sheop,Ryu, Stephen Beungtae BLACKWELL 2016 PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL Vol.14 No.1

<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (GGPS) is a key enzyme for a structurally diverse class of isoprenoid biosynthetic metabolites including gibberellins, carotenoids, chlorophylls and rubber. We expressed a chloroplast‐targeted <I>GGPS</I> isolated from sunflower (<I>Helianthus annuus</I>) under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter in tobacco (<I>Nicotiana tabacum</I>). The resulting transgenic tobacco plants expressing heterologous <I>GGPS</I> showed remarkably enhanced growth (an increase in shoot and root biomass and height), early flowering, increased number of seed pods and greater seed yield compared with that of <I>GUS</I>‐transgenic lines (control) or wild‐type plants. The gibberellin levels in <I>HaGGPS</I>‐transgenic plants were higher than those in control plants, indicating that the observed phenotype may result from increased gibberellin content. However, in <I>HaGGPS</I>‐transformant tobacco plants, we did not observe the phenotypic defects such as reduced chlorophyll content and greater petiole and stalk length, which were previously reported for transgenic plants expressing gibberellin biosynthetic genes. Fast plant growth was also observed in <I>HaGGPS</I>‐expressing <I>Arabidopsis</I> and dandelion plants. The results of this study suggest that <I>GGPS</I> expression in crop plants may yield desirable agronomic traits, including enhanced growth of shoots and roots, early flowering, greater numbers of seed pods and/or higher seed yield. This research has potential applications for fast production of plant biomass that provides commercially valuable biomaterials or bioenergy.</P>