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Sriraman, Venkatakrishnan,Xiang Li,Singh, Navab,Sungjoo Lee IEEE 2012 IEEE electron device letters Vol.33 No.7
<P>In this letter, HfO<SUB>2</SUB>-based RRAM with varying device sizes is discussed with an analysis of the device-size dependence on reset current (<I>I</I><SUB>reset</SUB>). Device sizes down to 60 nm were achieved by using different thicknesses of nitride spacer after 200-nm contact hole is formed. Platinum (Pt) bottom electrode and titanium nitride (TiN) top electrode were used with HfO<SUB>2</SUB> dielectric as the resistance switching layer. Uniform bipolar switching characteristics with a very low <I>I</I><SUB>reset</SUB> of about 100 μA are achieved in 60-nm contact size devices. Self-compliance effect is also observed in the scaled devices.</P>
( Sang Im Lee ),( Santhosh Kumar ),( Nagayya Sriraman ),( Srinivasan Shanmugam ),( Rengarajan Baskaran ),( Chul Soon Yong ),( Sang Kwon Yoon ),( Han Gon Choi ),( Bong Kyu Yoo ) 한국응용약물학회 2011 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.19 No.2
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of charge carrier lipid on the skin penetration, retention, and hair growth of topically applied finasteride-containing liposomes. Finasteride-containing liposomes were prepared by traditional thin film hydration method using Phospholipon(R) 85 G and cholesterol with or without charge carrier lipid (1,2 dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate or 1,2-dioleoyl-trimethylammonium-propane for anionic and cationic charge, respectively). Freshly prepared finasteride-containing liposome suspension was applied on the hairless mouse skin, and skin penetration and retention were measured using Keshary-Chien diffusion cell. Non-liposomal formulation (ethanol 10% solution containing 0.5 mg/ml of FNS) was also used as a control. The amount of finasteride in the diffusion cell and mouse skin was measured by HPLC. The hair growth was evaluated using depilated male C57BL/6N mice. Mean particle size of all finasteride-containing liposomes was less than a micron, and polydispersity index revealed size homogeneity. Skin penetration and retention studies showed that significantly less amount of finasteride was penetrated when applied as anionic liposome while more amount of the drug was retained. Specifically, in liposome prepared with 10% anionic charge carrier lipid, penetration was 12.99 μg/cm2 while retention was 79.23 μg/cm2 after 24 h of application. In hair growth study, finasteride-containing anionic liposomes showed moderate efficacy, but the efficacy was not found when applied as cationic liposomes. In conclusion, topical application of finasteride using anionic liposome formulation appears to be useful option for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia to avoid systemic side effects of the drug.
The Effect of Coenzyme Q10 on the Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Theophylline
Baskaran, Rengarajan,Shanmugam, Srinivasan,Nagayya-Sriraman, Santhoshkumar,Kim, Ju-Hyun,Jeong, Tae-Chun,Yong, Chul-Soon,Choi, Han-Gon,Yoo, Bong-Kyu 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.7
Interaction of a drug with other drugs and dietary supplements is becoming an emerging issue for patients and health insurance authorities due to awareness of adverse drug event. In this study, we examined the effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), one of the most popular dietary supplements, on the pharmacokinetic parameters of theophylline in rats. The pharmacokinetic parameters of theophylline changed significantly when the drug was administered after five consecutive days of pretreatment with CoQ10. Time to reach maximum plasma concentration of theophylline delayed when the drug was administered after the pretreatment with CoQ10. Maximum plasma concentration and area under the curve of theophylline were about two-fold increased and other pharmacokinetic parameters such as half-life and volume of distribution were also changed significantly. Therefore, although CoQ10 is generally considered a safe dietary supplement, it appears that patients on theophylline therapy should use caution when they take CoQ10.
Srinivasan Shanmugam,송충길,Santhoshkumar Nagayya-Sriraman,Rengarajan Baskaran,용철순,최한곤,Dae-Duk Kim,우종수,유봉규 대한약학회 2009 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.32 No.7
This study was undertaken to evaluate the physicochemical properties and skin permeation of liposome formulations containing clindamycin phosphate (CP), especially when charge was imparted to the liposome. Five different liposome formulations were prepared using Phospholipon 85G (PL) and cholesterol (CH) by conventional lipid film hydration technique. Molar ratio of CH to PL was varied in the range of 0.16-1.0. Charged liposomes were prepared in the same way with addition of 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane chloride salt (DOTAP) and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate monosodium salt (DMPA) as charge carrier lipid for cationic or anionic charge of the liposome, respectively. Fresh full-thickness mice skin was taken and used for skin permeation study using Keshary-Chien diffusion cell with 1.77 ㎠ diffusion area at 37℃. All liposome formulations prepared showed homogeneous size distribution with mean particle size of about 1 μm or less. Among the five liposome formulations prepared, formulation with the molar ratio of 0.5 showed the best result in the physicochemical properties such as polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, size evolution, and ability of the liposome to retain CP as of entrapped in the vesicles. Charge-impartation of the formulation with cationic charge carrier lipid resulted in additional benefit in terms of inhibition of size evolution, the ability of the liposome to retain CP in the vesicles, and skin permeation. Steady state flux of the drug through the mice skin in the cationic liposome vesicles was 0.75 ± 0.01 μg/㎠h while that in the control (dissolved into mixed alcohol solution) was 0.17 μg/㎠h. One half molar ratio of CH to PL was optimal in terms of physicochemical properties of the liposome formulation containing CP, and incorporation of cationic charge carrier lipid appeared to provide additional benefits for the stability of the liposome formulation and skin permeation of the drug.
R. Samidurai,S. Rajavel,R. Sriraman,Ahmed Alsaedi,Fuad E. Alsaadi,Jinde Cao 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2017 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.15 No.4
The objective of this paper is to analyze the stability analysis of neutral-type neural networks with additivetime-varying delay and leakage delay. By constructing a suitable augmented Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionalwith triple and four integral terms, some new stability criteria are established in terms of linear matrix inequalities,which is easily solved by various convex optimization techniques. More information of the lower and upper delaybounds of time-varying delays are used to derive the stability criteria, which can lead less conservative results. Theobtained conditions are expressed with linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) whose feasible can be checked easily byMATLAB LMI control toolbox. Finally, two numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of theproposed method.
The Effect of Coenzyme Q10 on the Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Theophylline
Rengarajan Baskaran,용철순,최한곤,유봉규,Srinivasan Shanmugam,Santhoshkumar Nagayya-Sriraman,김주현,정태천 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.7
Interaction of a drug with other drugs and dietary supplements is becoming an emerging issue for patients and health insurance authorities due to awareness of adverse drug event. In this study, we examined the effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), one of the most popular dietary supplements, on the pharmacokinetic parameters of theophylline in rats. The pharmacokinetic parameters of theophylline changed significantly when the drug was administered after five consecutive days of pretreatment with CoQ10. Time to reach maximum plasma concentration of theophylline delayed when the drug was administered after the pretreatment with CoQ10. Maximum plasma concentration and area under the curve of theophylline were about two-fold increased and other pharmacokinetic parameters such as half-life and volume of distribution were also changed significantly. Therefore, although CoQ10 is generally considered a safe dietary supplement, it appears that patients on theophylline therapy should use caution when they take CoQ10.
Keat, Chan Huan,Sooaid, Nor Suhada,Yun, Cheng Yi,Sriraman, Malathi Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.1
Background: An increasing trend of cytotoxic drug use, mainly in cancer treatment, has increased the occupational exposure among the nurses. This study aimed to assess the change of nurses' safety-related knowledge as well as attitude levels and subsequently to assess the change of cytotoxic drug handling practices in wards after a series of pharmacist-based interventions. Materials and Methods: This prospective interventional study with a before and after design requested a single group of 96 nurses in 15 wards actively providing chemotherapy to answer a self-administered questionnaire. A performance checklist was then used to determine the compliance of all these wards with the recommended safety measures. The first and second assessments took 2 months respectively with a 9-month intervention period. Pharmacist-based interventions included a series of technical, educational and administrative support measures consisting of the initiation of closed-system cytotoxic drug reconstitution (CDR) services, courses, training workshops and guideline updates. Results: The mean age of nurses was $32.2{\pm}6.19$ years. Most of them were female (93.8%) and married (72.9%). The mean knowledge score of nurses was significantly increased from $45.5{\pm}10.52$ to $73.4{\pm}8.88$ out of 100 (p<0.001) at the end of the second assessment. Overall, the mean practice score among the wards was improved from $7.6{\pm}5.51$ to $15.3{\pm}2.55$ out of 20 (p<0.001). Conclusions: The pharmacist-based interventions improved the knowledge, attitude and safe practices of nurses in cytotoxic drug handling. Further assessment may help to confirm the sustainability of the improved practices.
Ashley Russell Kotwal,Yoo Jae Kim,Jiong Hu,Vedaraman Sriraman 한국콘크리트학회 2015 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.9 No.1
The critical element for sustainable growth in the construction industry is the development of alternative cements. A new technological process called geopolymerization provides an innovative solution, and the presence of aluminum and silicon oxides in fly ash has encouraged its use as a source material. Many previous investigations have involved curing the binder in a heated environment. To reduce energy consumption during the synthesis of geopolymers, the present study investigated the properties of ambient cured geopolymer mortar at early ages. An experimental program was executed to establish a relationship between the activator composition and the properties of geopolymer mortar in fresh and hardened states. Concentrations of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate were ascertained that are advantageous for constructability and mechanical behavior. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques were also used to characterize the material. Test results indicate that there is potential for the concrete industry to use fly ash based geopolymer as an alternative to portland cement.