Emergence of Celiac Disease and Gluten-related Disorders in Asia

( Srikant Mohta ),( Mahendra S Rajput ),( Vineet Ahuja ),( Govind K Makharia ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2021 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.27 No.3

Celiac disease (CeD) is a systemic, immune-mediated enteropathy, which is triggered by gluten protein in genetically susceptible individuals. CeD, once thought to be an uncommon disease, is now recognized to affect approximately 40-60 million people globally. While CeD is now well reported from a few Asian countries such as India, China, Pakistan, and Middle Eastern countries; it is still believed to be uncommon in the rest of Asia. Gluten-related diseases other than CeD, like non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) are also emerging globally. CeD and NCGS may present with either intestinal or extra-intestinal symptoms, and a proportion of them have overlapping symptoms with irritable bowel syndrome. Hence, many of them are misdiagnosed as having irritable bowel syndrome in clinical practice. In this review, we discuss the emergence of CeD and other gluten-related disorders, both globally and in Asia, the overlapping manifestations between gluten-related disorders and irritable bowel syndrome, and the challenges associated with diagnosis and management of CeD in Asia. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021;27:337-346)

“I want to be beautiful and rich”: Consumer culture ideals internalization and their influence on fashion consumption

Srikant Manchiraju,Mary Damhorst 한국마케팅과학회 2020 Journal of Global Fashion Marketing Vol.11 No.4

Within the US culture, two consumer culture ideals – namely, the body perfect and the material good life – are dominant. This study addressed the question – how are these two consumer culture ideals internalized? And, how an individual’s degree of internalization of these consumer culture ideals influence one’s fashion consumption behavior? By building on the Tripartite Influence Model, a widely used empirical model in body-image research, a research model was proposed. Data were drawn from self-reported online survey by respondents located in the US (N = 472). The proposed model was tested using structural equation modeling. All but one proposed hypotheses were supported, which explained 20% of the variance for fashion involvement construct (p <.001). Findings of the study revealed that sociocultural factors (i.e. parents, peers, and mass media) contribute to an individual’s degree of cultural ideals internalization, which in turn influences one’s level of body satisfaction and fashion consumption behavior. The findings of the study would be of interest to several entities, including social advertisers and marketers, media activists, and body image educators, among others, which are also discussed.

Dynamic Expression Evaluation and Its Implementation on a Mesh-Connected Computer

Y. N. Srikant 대한전자공학회 1997 TENCON 87 - Computers and Communications Technolog Vol.- No.-

Improving Channel Utilization via Cooperative Spectrum Sensing With Opportunistic Feedback in Cognitive Radio Networks

Jaewoo So,Srikant, R. IEEE 2015 IEEE communications letters Vol.19 No.6

<P>As the number of sensing nodes increases, cooperative spectrum sensing increases the detection probability of primary users at the cost of increased bandwidth of feedback channels. However, the excess feedback overhead of reporting sensing results may degrade the channel utilization of cognitive radio networks. This letter proposes cooperative spectrum sensing with a fixed number of feedback channels, where each sensing node opportunistically reports its sensing result to a fusion center via shared feedback channels only if its sensing result is greater than a threshold. The simulation results show that the proposed cooperative spectrum sensing increases the channel utilization with limited feedback overhead compared with the conventional cooperative spectrum sensing.</P>

Hample filter based Short term Solar Forecasting using Facebook Prophet Library in Energy Harvested Wireless Sensor Network (EHWSN)

Vivek Kumar Verma,Satya Sai Srikant 대한전자공학회 2022 IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing & Computing Vol.11 No.5

Energy harvesting prolongs the life of wireless sensor networks. Among all ambient sources of energy, solar energy is believed to be the most efficient in terms of energy density but fluctuates with time and location. The main objective of this study is to forecast solar energy for Energy Harvested Wireless Sensor Network (EHWSN) using the Facebook Prophet Library with and without a filter and to assess the model efficacy. The present study examined the models using National Renewal Energy Laboratory (NREL) one-minute sample data for June 2010 to 2016. The outliers were eliminated using a Hample filter with a standard deviation of 3 and a window size of 3. The forecast error was measured using the cross-validation feature of the Prophet Library. The Mean squared Error ( MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE ) values for the Prophet model were 292.81, 14.56, 19.37, and 17.11, respectively, while they were 92.56, 14.86, 14.86, and 17.10, respectively, for the Prophet model based on the Hample Filter. MAPE was reduced by 18.60 %, while the rest of the metrics changed significantly. The Prophet and Hample–Prophet give the best result regarding RMSE and accuracy compared with previous work based on the Ensemble Approach.

Predicting environmentally responsible apparel consumption behavior of future apparel industry professionals: The role of environmental apparel knowledge, environmentalism and materialism

Amrut Sadachar,Frayen Feng,Elena E. Karpova,Srikant Manchiraju 한국마케팅과학회 2016 Journal of Global Fashion Marketing Vol.7 No.2

The present study explored several critical constructs related to environmentally responsible apparel consumption, which include environmentalism, materialism and knowledge of environmental issues pertaining to apparel products. The research focused on apparel merchandising and design students ( n = 233) as future industry professionals who will soon be driving industry decisions in apparel production and consumption. A proposed research model was subject to confi rmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The model explained 58% of the variance in environmentally responsible apparel consumption behavior. Environmental apparel knowledge positively infl uenced environmentalism, and, in turn, environmentalism had a signifi cant positive infl uence on environmentally responsible apparel consumption behavior. On the contrary, environmental apparel knowledge did not signifi cantly infl uence materialism, and, in turn, materialism was not related to environmentally responsible apparel consumption behavior. Practical implications and limitations of the present study are also discussed.

Electron Beam Surface Treatment of 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel: Improvements in Hardness, Wear, and Corrosion Resistance

Soumyabrata Basak,Sumit K. Sharma,Mounarik Mondal,Kisor K. Sahu,Srikant Gollapudi,Jyotsna Dutta Majumdar,Sung‑Tae Hong 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.5

The present work discusses changes in hardness, wear, and corrosion behavior of electron beam (EB) surface treated (orsimply, EB treated) 316L austenitic stainless steel (ASS) vis-à-vis the as-received material. Due to rapid solidification withinthe EB treated region, a fine dendritic structure develops within the surface and sub-surface of the EB treated material, whichaccounts for its superior hardness, wear, and corrosion behavior. The surface microhardness of the EB treated material is22% enhanced than that of the as-received material. The cumulative wear depth of the EB treated material is 77% lowerthan the as-received material. An improvement in corrosion potential and an order of magnitude reduction in equilibriumcorrosion current density are observed following EB treatment. The results of the present study suggest that EB treatmentcan be effectively used to enhance the surface properties of the selected ASS by microstructural refinement of the surfaceand sub-surface of the material.

Interferon-gamma release assay has poor diagnostic accuracy in differentiating intestinal tuberculosis from Crohn’s disease in tuberculosis endemic areas

Karan Sachdeva,Peeyush Kumar,Bhaskar Kante,Sudheer K. Vuyyuru,Srikant Mohta,Mukesh K. Ranjan,Mukesh K. Singh,Mahak Verma,Govind Makharia,Saurabh Kedia,Vineet Ahuja 대한장연구학회 2023 Intestinal Research Vol.21 No.2

Background/Aims: Intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) and Crohn’s disease (CD) frequently present with a diagnostic dilemma because of similar presentation. Interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) has been used in differentiating ITB from CD, but with sparse reports on its diagnostic accuracy in tuberculosis endemic regions and this study evaluated the same. Methods: Patients with definitive diagnosis of ITB (n=59) or CD (n=49) who underwent IGRA testing (n=307) were retrospectively included at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (July 2014 to September 2021). CD or ITB was diagnosed as per standard criteria. IGRA was considered positive at >0.35 IU/mL. Relevant data was collected and IGRA results were compared between ITB and CD to determine its accuracy. Results: Among 59 ITB patients (mean age, 32.6±13.1 years; median disease duration, 1 year; male, 59.3%), 24 were positive and 35 tested negative for IGRA. Among 49 CD patients (mean age, 37.8±14.0; median disease duration, 4 years; male, 61.2%), 12 were positive and 37 tested negative for IGRA. Hence, for diagnosing ITB, IGRA showed a sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 40.68%, 75.51%, 66.67%, and 51.39%, respectively. The area under the curve of IGRA for ITB diagnosis was 0.66 (95% confidence interval, 0.55–0.75). In a subset (n=64), tuberculin skin test (TST) showed sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 64.7%, 73.3%, 73.3%, and 64.71%, respectively. IGRA and TST were concordant in 38 (59.4%) patients with κ=0.17. Conclusions: In a tuberculosis endemic region, IGRA had poor diagnostic accuracy for differentiating ITB from CD, suggesting a limited value of IGRA in this setting.

A Novel, Potent, Small Molecule AKT Inhibitor Exhibits Efficacy against Lung Cancer Cells In Vitro

Saketh S. Dinavahi,Rajagopalan Prasanna,Sriram Dharmarajan,Yogeeswari Perumal,Srikant Viswanadha 대한암학회 2015 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.47 No.4

Purpose Anomalies of Akt regulation, including overexpression in lung cancer, impart resistance toconventional chemotherapy and radiation, thereby implicating this kinase as a therapeuticintervention point. A novel scaffold of Akt inhibitors was developed through virtual screeningof chemical databases available at Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad,based on docking studies using Maestro. A benzothienopyrimidine derivative (BIA-6)was identified as a potential lead molecule that inhibited Akt1 enzyme activity with an IC50of 256 nM. Materials and MethodsBIA-6 was tested for in vitro Akt1 inhibition using a fluorescence resonance energy transferkit. Anti-proliferative activity was tested in NCI-H460, A549, NCI-H1975, and NCI-H2170cell lines. The effect of the compound on p-Akt (S473) was estimated. ResultsBIA-6 allosterically caused a dose dependent reduction of growth of cell lines with a halfmaximal growth inhibition (GI50) range of 0.49 !M to 6.6 !M. Cell cycle analysis indicatedthat BIA-6 caused a G1 phase arrest at < 100 nM but led to apoptosis at higher doses. BIA-6 also exhibited synergism with standard chemotherapeutic agents. ConclusionBIA-6 is a novel, allosteric Akt inhibitor with potent anti-cancer activity in lung cancer celllines, that effectively blocks the phosphoinositide-3 kinase/Akt pathway with a high marginselectivity towards normal cells.

Prospective validation of CD4⁺CD25⁺FOXP3⁺ T-regulatory cells as an immunological marker to differentiate intestinal tuberculosis from Crohn’s disease

( Ritika Rampal ),( Saurabh Kedia ),( Mohamad Nahidul Wari ),( Deepak Madhu ),( Amit Kumar Singh ),( Veena Tiwari ),( V. Pratap Mouli ),( Srikant Mohta ),( Govind Makharia ),( Vineet Ahuja ) 대한장연구학회 2021 Intestinal Research Vol.19 No.2

Background/Aims: Crohn’s disease (CD) and intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) remain “difficult-to-differentiate” diseases. We have previously documented peripheral blood frequency of CD4⁺CD25⁺FOXP3⁺ T-regulatory cells (Treg) as a biomarker to differentiate CD and ITB. We tried to validate these results in a larger cohort of CD and ITB patients. Methods: Seventy treatment naïve patients of CD (n=23) and ITB (n=47) (diagnosed by standard criteria) were recruited prospectively from October 2016 to May 2017. Patients with history of antitubercular therapy in the past were excluded. The frequency of Treg cells in peripheral blood was determined by flow cytometry, and compared between CD and ITB patients. Results: Similar to our previous study, frequency of Treg cells in peripheral blood was significantly increased in ITB as compared to CD patients (40.9 [interquartile range, 33-50] vs. 24.9 [interquartile range, 14.4-29.6], P< 0.001). Further, the receiver operating characteristics curve also showed good diagnostic accuracy with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.77 (95% confidence interval, 0.65-0.89) and a FOXP3⁺ cutoff value of >31.3% had a sensitivity and specificity of 83% and 82.6% respectively, to differentiate ITB from CD. Even for the indeterminate cases (n=33), Treg cell frequency had similar diagnostic accuracy with an AUC of 0.85 (95% confidence interval, 0.68-0.95) and a cutoff of 32.37% had sensitivity and specificity of 87% and 95% respectively, to differentiate ITB from CD. Conclusions: The current findings validate that the increased frequency of CD4⁺CD25⁺FOXP3⁺ Treg in the peripheral blood can be used as a biomarker with high diagnostic accuracy to differentiate ITB from CD. (Intest Res 2021;19:232-238)