http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Farman Ullah,Inamullah Khan,Hart, Robert-Spooner,Peter Bailey,Khalil, Said-Khan Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2002 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.5 No.1
Morphological features of the ladybird beetle Stethorus vegans (Blackburn) were studied at 25 $\pm$ $2^{\circ}$ with a photoperiod of 16L: 8D. All stages of S. vahans were examined under a stereo-zoom microscope. Newly laid eggs were translucent white, turning pale yellow after 4-5 hours. The mean egg dimension was 0.36 x 0.19 mm. Eggs laid by unmated females did not hatch or show any signs of development. Newly emerged larvae were white in color, but soon became pale creamy-white. There were four larval instars, which were differentiated from each other by the presence of exuviae and differences in head capsule size. The pre-pupa, not a distinct stage in the life cycle but a quiescent period at the end of the 4th larval instar, lasted for several hours. Pupae were oval, flattened and black-brown with (me hair like setae on their dorsal sides with a mean length and width of 1.06 x 0.74 mm. The adults were oval, convex and black with small yellow setae on their dorsal side.
Granulin Is a Soluble Cofactor for Toll-like Receptor 9 Signaling
Park, Boyoun,Buti, Ludovico,Lee, Sungwook,Matsuwaki, Takashi,Spooner, Eric,Brinkmann, Melanie ,M.,Nishihara, Masugi,Ploegh, Hidde ,L. Elsevier 2011 Immunity Vol.34 No.4
<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling plays a critical role in innate and adaptive immune responses and must be tightly controlled. TLR4 uses LPS binding protein, MD-2, and CD14 as accessories to respond to LPS. We therefore investigated the presence of an analagous soluble cofactor that might assist in the recruitment of CpG oligonucleotides (CpG-ODNs) to TLR9. We report the identification of granulin as an essential secreted cofactor that potentiates TLR9-driven responses to CpG-ODNs. Granulin, an unusual cysteine-rich protein, bound to CpG-ODNs and interacted with TLR9. Macrophages from granulin-deficient mice showed not only impaired delivery of CpG-ODNs to endolysosomal compartments, but also decreased interaction of TLR9 with CpG-ODNs. As a consequence, granulin-deficient macrophages showed reduced responses to stimulation with CpG-ODNs, a trait corrected by provision of exogenous granulin. Thus, we propose that granulin contributes to innate immunity as a critical soluble cofactor for TLR9 signaling.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>► Granulin binds TLR9 and CpG oligonucleotides ► Granulin is sufficient for intracellular localization of CpG-ODNs ► Granulin is a critical cofactor in enabling TLR9 signal transduction</P>
Light Emission from Silicon Nanocrystals - Size Does Matter !
Robert G. Elliman,Andrew R. Wilkinson,Barry Luther-Davies,Marc G. Spooner,Marek Samoc,Max J. Lederer,Nathanael Smith,Tessica D.M. Weijers 한국물리학회 2004 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.45 No.3
A brief overview of two recent Si nanocrystal studies undertaken at the Australian National University is presented: recent work on hydrogen passivation of non-radiative defects and attempts to measure optical gain in waveguide structures. In the rst study, a generalized treatment of hydrogen passivation and desorption is employed to model the in uence of hydrogen on silicon nanocrystal luminescence. Values for reaction-rate parameters are determined from the model and found to be in excellent agreement with values previously determined for paramagnetic Si danglingbond defects (Pb-type centers) found at planar Si/SiO2 interfaces. In the second study, an attempt is made to measure optical gain in silicon nanocrystals by monitoring the intensity of a probe beam propagating in a waveguide structure containing silicon nanocrystals during photo-excitation of the nanocrystals. The probe beam is shown to be attenuated by the excitation demonstrating the dominance of absorptive processes. No gain was observed.
Isabel Siow,Benjamin Y.Q. Tan,Keng Siang Lee,Natalie Ong,Emma Toh,Anil Gopinathan,Cunli Yang,Pervinder Bhogal,Erika Lam,Oliver Spooner,Lukas Meyer,Jens Fiehler,Panagiotis Papanagiotou,Andreas Kastrup 대한뇌졸중학회 2022 Journal of stroke Vol.24 No.1
Background and Purpose Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is an effective treatment for patients with basilar artery occlusion (BAO) acute ischemic stroke. It remains unclear whether bridging intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) prior to MT confers any benefit. This study compared the outcomes of acute BAO patients who were treated with direct MT versus combined IVT plus MT. Methods This multicenter retrospective cohort study included patients who were treated for acute BAO from eight comprehensive stroke centers between January 2015 and December 2019. Patients received direct MT or combined bridging IVT plus MT. Primary outcome was favorable functional outcome defined as modified Rankin Scale 0–3 measured at 90 days. Secondary outcome measures included mortality and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). Results Among 322 patients, 127 (39.4%) patients underwent bridging IVT followed by MT and 195 (60.6%) underwent direct MT. The mean±standard deviation age was 67.5±14.1 years, 64.0% were male and median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale was 16 (interquartile range, 8 to 25). At 90-day, the rate of favorable functional outcome was similar between the bridging IVT and direct MT groups (39.4% vs. 34.4%, P=0.361). On multivariable analyses, bridging IVT was not associated with favorable functional outcome, mortality or sICH. In subgroup analyses, patients with underlying atherosclerosis treated with bridging IVT compared to direct MT had a higher rate of favorable functional outcome at 90 days (37.2% vs. 15.5%, P=0.013). Conclusions Functional outcomes were similar in BAO patients treated with bridging IVT versus direct MT. In the subgroup of patients with underlying large-artery atherosclerosis stroke mechanism, bridging IVT may potentially confer benefit and this warrants further investigation.