Low Contrast and Low kV CTA Before Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Systematic Review

Spencer C. Lacy,Mina M. Benjamin,Mohammed Osman,Mushabbar A. Syed,Menhel Kinno 한국심초음파학회 2023 Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging (J Cardiovasc Im Vol.31 No.2

BACKGROUND: Minimizing contrast dose and radiation exposure while maintaining image quality during computed tomography angiography (CTA) for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is desirable, but not well established. This systematic review compares image quality for low contrast and low kV CTA versus conventional CTA in patients with aortic stenosis undergoing TAVR planning. METHODS: We performed a systematic literature review to identify clinical studies comparing imaging strategies for patients with aortic stenosis undergoing TAVR planning. The primary outcomes of image quality as assessed by the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were reported as random effects mean difference with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: We included 6 studies reporting on 353 patients. There was no difference in cardiac SNR (mean difference, −1.42; 95% CI, −5.71 to 2.88; p = 0.52), cardiac CNR (mean difference, −3.83; 95% CI, −9.98 to 2.32; p = 0.22), aortic SNR (mean difference, −0.23; 95% CI, −7.83 to 7.37; p = 0.95), aortic CNR (mean difference, −3.95; 95% CI, −12.03 to 4.13; p = 0.34), and ileofemoral SNR (mean difference, −6.09; 95% CI, −13.80 to 1.62; p = 0.12) between the low dose and conventional protocols. There was a difference in ileofemoral CNR between the low dose and conventional protocols with a mean difference of −9.26 (95% CI, −15.06 to −3.46; p = 0.002). Overall, subjective image quality was similar between the 2 protocols. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review suggests that low contrast and low kV CTA for TAVR planning provides similar image quality to conventional CTA.

Postharvest methyl bromide fumigation of Japanese plums to control codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Spencer S. Walse,J. Steven Tebbets,James G. Leesch 한국응용곤충학회 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.22 No.3

Postharvest chamber fumigation with 48 mgL −1 (3.0 lbs./1000 ft 3 ) methyl bromide (MB) for 2 h at pulp temperature (T) ≥ 21 °C and chamber load ≤50% is used to control codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in fresh nectarine, Prunus persica (L.) var. nucipersica, and French plum, P. domestica (L.), exports from California USA to Japan. Fumigations were conducted to verify that control of C. pomonella is expected following an analogous fumigation of fresh Japanese plums, P. salicina (Lindl.). A kinetic model, based on temporal measurement of MB levels in chamber headspace and how calculated exposures varied across the fumigation trials, showed that fresh Japanese plums and French plums sorb MB at a statistically equivalent rate, which resulted in an MB exposure ca. 20% higher than that observed for fresh nectarines. Importantly, results from commercial-scale fumigations indicate that pallet shrouds do not influence the efficacy of MB toward C. pomonella eggs, as their presence did not affect the rate of MB sorption, evidence that supports the use of pallet shrouds to safeguard against the potential for post-fumigation infestation in this export scenario, and beyond. Results are discussed in the context of graduation toward optimized quarantine fumigation schedules, which will promote more strategic technical and economic Quarantine Pre-shipment (QPS) uses of MB.

Lithium-induced gene expression of inducible cyclic adenosine monophosphate early repressor in the rat adrenal gland

Spencer, Corinne M.,Jahng, Jeong Won,Ryu, Vitaly,Houpt, Thomas A. Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2005 JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH - Vol.82 No.2

<P>Lithium has acute and chronic effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal gland (HPA) axis that are important for both therapeutic (e.g., treatment of mood disorders) and experimental (e.g., as the toxin in conditioned taste aversion studies) applications. We visualized lithium-induced activation of the HPA axis in rats by the adrenal expression of inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER), which is activated by elevated intracellular cAMP. We have shown that 1) intraperitoneal lithium chloride (LiCl) induces transient expression of ICER and c-fos mRNAs in the rat adrenal cortex and increases plasma level of corticosterone; 2) the cortical expression of ICER mRNA by LiCl occurs in a dose-dependent manner; 3) adrenal induction of ICER expression is delayed compared with c-fos expression; 4) dexamethasone pretreatment (4 mg/kg) blocks corticosterone release and adrenocortical ICER induction either by systemic LiCl (76 mg/kg) or by restraint stress; and 5) intracerebroventricular LiCl (127 μg/5 μl) is sufficient for adrenocortical, but not medullary, ICER induction. These results suggest that adrenocortical ICER expression could serve as a reliable marker for lithium-induced activation of the HPA axis. Understanding the activation of immediate-early genes such as c-fos or ICER in response to a single LiCl injection is an important first step in understanding the long-term changes in gene expression elicited by lithium that are involved in its therapeutic and toxic effect. The pattern and mechanism by which lithium stimulates ICER transcription in the adrenal gland would serve as a useful model system in future studies of lithium. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>

Amixed-species yield model for eastern Bering Sea shelf flatifish fisheries

Spencer, Paul D 부경대학교 수산과학연구소 2003 硏究業績集 Vol.27 No.-

American Entrepreneurs, Jobs and Exports to Asia

Spencer H. Kim 동아시아재단 2010 Global Asia Vol.5 No.1

Using Problem-based Learning Approach Introduce Smart Agriculture into Bio-mechatronics Education for Vocational High School

( Spencer Lin ),( Pomin Li ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1

In order to overcome trade liberalization and climate change which are two major issues in current agriculture worldwide, the responds are to develop smart agriculture and agro-bio-economy hoping to minimize and optimize the production variables during the big environmental changes. Department of agricultural machinery of vocational high school always plays the role of a promoter of Taiwan's agriculture on the basis of people's livelihood or on the international stage in the past decades. And it became more important to implement the integration of smart agriculture into curriculum for teaching after adding the agricultural biotechnology elements. In this research, problem based learning, PBL, was imported in one-year course for vocational high school student. Based on PBL strategies, teachers will teach students to discuss and integrate related new technology elements (AI, IR, IoT, and big data) and existing agricultural technologies. By introducing this innovative teaching method, we can effectively improve students' learning achievements for intellectual agriculture and analysis skill in the practical application of maximum effectiveness.

The Korean War, 1950-53: from maneuver to stalemate : SPECIAL SECTION IN COMMEMORATION OF THE 60TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE KOREAN WAR

Spencer C Tucker 한국국방연구원 2010 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.22 No.4

The Korean War is an immensely important event in twentieth century history. The first shooting war of the Cold War, the first United Nations War, and the only time that two major military powers have clashed on the battlefield since World War II, it has been largely forgotten by all*save for the Koreans, for whom the war continues. Although it began in June 1950, its roots extend back to the Japanese takeover of Korea in 1910 and the partition of the Peninsula at the end of World War II. In this concise yet analytical account, the author discusses the inability of the major powers to agree on a Korean government and the partition of Korea into two hostile regimes. He treats the factors prompting the North Korean invasion and the reasons for Soviet and Chinese support, the military balance at the start of the war, the factors prompting U.S. intervention, and the course of the war to include the Chinese intervention and the transition from a war of maneuver into one of stalemate. He also addressed the factors delaying an armistice agreement, assesses the costs and wide-reaching consequences of the war, and identifies areas for possible further study.

Postharvest treatment of strawberries with methyl bromide to control spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii

Spencer S. Walse,Rodrigo Krugner,Steven Tebbets 한국응용곤충학회 2012 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.15 No.3

Methyl bromide (MB) chamber fumigations were evaluated for postharvest control of spotted wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii, in strawberry exports from California USA. Strawberries were infested with themost MB-tolerant age of SWD (60‐ to 108-h old at fumigation, ca. mature larvae), infested fruit were buried amongst uninfested fruit in export packaging, and fumigations were with 48 mg L−1 (3.0 lbs/1000 ft3) for 3 h at 18.0±Methyl bromide (MB) chamber fumigations were evaluated for postharvest control of spotted wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii, in strawberry exports from California USA. Strawberries were infested with themost MB-tolerant age of SWD (60‐ to 108-h old at fumigation, ca. mature larvae), infested fruit were buried amongst uninfested fruit in export packaging, and fumigations were with 48 mg L−1 (3.0 lbs/1000 ft3) for 3 h at 18.0±0.5 °C (x s). Complete mortality of 105,173±3,321 (n±s) SWD specimens was achieved with applied doses ≥34.5 mg L−1 and exposures, expressed as a concentration×time products (CTs), ≥80.3 mg L−1 h.

Optimizing postharvest methyl bromide treatments to control spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, in sweet cherries fromWestern USA

Spencer S. Walse,Leonel R. Jimenez,Wiley A. Hall,J. Steven Tebbets,David M. Obenland 한국응용곤충학회 2016 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.19 No.1

Methyl bromide (MB) chamber fumigations were evaluated for postharvest control of spotted wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), in fresh sweet cherry exports from Western USA. Sweet cherries were infested with SWD, incubated to maximize numbers of the most MB-tolerant specimens (ca. 60 to 108-h old at fumigation, 88% 3rd & 2nd instars), buried amongst uninfested fruit in bins consistent with commercial practice, cooled to an average pulp temperature ≥ 8.3 °C, and then fumigated in a chamber. Treatment efficacy was diagnosed by the percentage of survivors emerging as adults fromfumigated cherries relative to that fromnon-fumigated control cherries. A kinetic model of sorption was developed based on the measurement of MB and how calculated exposures varied across the fumigation trials. The model describes how to manipulate the applied MB dose, fumigation duration, and the load factor so that the resultant exposure is adequate for SWD control across various pulp temperatures when cherries are fumigated in wooden versus plastic bins. Results are discussed in the context of graduation toward optimized quarantine fumigation schedules for control of SWD, which will promote more strategic technical and economic Quarantine Pre-shipment (QPS) use of MB

Machine learning correction of parameterized physics in coarse-resolution FV3GFS across a range of climates

Spencer Clark,Noah Brenowitz,Brian Henn,Anna Kwa,Jeremy McGibbon,W. Andre Perkins,Oliver Watt-Meyer,Christopher Bretherton,Lucas Harris 한국기상학회 2022 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.10