Sensory neurons and osteoblasts: close partners in a microfluidic platform

Neto, Estrela,Alves, Cecí,lia J.,Sousa, Daniela M.,Alencastre, Inê,s S.,Lourenç,o, Ana H.,Leitã,o, Luí,s,Ryu, Hyun R.,Jeon, Noo L.,Fernandes, Rui,Aguiar, Paulo,Almeida, Ra Oxford University Press 2014 Integrative biology Vol.6 No.6

<P>Innervation has proven to be critical in bone homeostasis/regeneration due to the effect of soluble factors, produced by nerve fibers, associated with changes in the activity of bone cells. Thus, in this study, we have established and characterized a coculture system comprising sensory neurons and osteoblasts to mimic the <I>in vivo</I> scenario where nerve fibers can be found in a bone microenvironment. Embryonic or adult primary dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells were cocultured in compartmentalized microfluidic platforms and morphological and functional tests were performed. The time of adhesion and readout of axonal outgrowth were improved by the alignment of DRG with the axis of microgrooves, which showed to be a crucial step for the designed experiments. Cocultures of entire DRG from adult origin with osteoblasts were performed, showing extended DRG projections towards the axonal compartment, reaching osteoblastic cells. Immunocytochemistry showed that the neurites present within the osteoblastic compartment were immunoreactive to synapsin and calcitonin gene-related peptide suggesting the presence of specialized structures involved in this crosstalk. This evidence was further confirmed by electron microscopy where varicosities were detected as well as electron dense structures in neurite membranes. Aiming to mimic the properties of tissue extracellular matrices, MC3T3-E1 cells were seeded in the axonal side upon laminin, collagen or within 3D functionalized alginate matrices and axonal outgrowth was clearly observed. In order to analyze and quantify data with reproducible image analysis, a semi-automated algorithm was also developed. The collagen and laminin substrates displayed a higher amount of axons reaching the axonal side. Overall, the established method revealed to be a suitable tool to study the interaction between the peripheral nervous system and bone cells in different contexts mimicking the <I>in vivo</I> scenario.</P>

Influence of CBCT metal artifact reduction on vertical radicular fracture detection

Oliveira, Mariana Rodrigues,Sousa, Thiago Oliveira,Caetano, Aline Ferreira,de Paiva, Rogerio Ribeiro,Valladares-Neto, Jose,Yamamoto-Silva, Fernanda Paula,Silva, Maria Alves Garcia Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology 2021 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.51 No.1

Purpose: This study evaluated the influence of a metal artifact reduction (MAR) tool in a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) device on the diagnosis of vertical root fractures (VRFs) in teeth with different root filling materials. Materials and Methods: Forty-five extracted human premolars were classified into three subgroups; 1) no filling; 2) gutta-percha; and 3) metallic post. CBCT images were acquired using an Orthopantomograph 300 unit with and without a MAR tool. Subsequently, the same teeth were fractured, and new CBCT scans were obtained with and without MAR. Two oral radiologists evaluated the images regarding the presence or absence of VRF. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and diagnostic tests were performed. Results: The overall area under the curve values were 0.695 for CBCT with MAR and 0.789 for CBCT without MAR. The MAR tool negatively influenced the overall diagnosis of VRFs in all tested subgroups, with lower accuracy (0.45-0.72), sensitivity (0.6-0.67), and specificity (0.23-0.8) than were found for the images without MAR. In the latter group, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity values were 0.68-0.77, 0.67-083, and 0.53-087, respectively. However, no significant difference was found between images with and without MAR for the no filling and gutta-percha subgroups (P>0.05). In the metallic post subgroup, CBCT showed a significant difference according to MAR use (P<0.05). Conclusion: The OP 300 MAR tool negatively influenced the detection of VRFs in teeth with no root canal filling, gutta-percha, or metallic posts. Teeth with metallic posts suffered the most from the negative impact of MAR.

Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Ginger) as a Complementary Option for Clinical Treatment of Endometriosis: An Experimental Study in Rats

José Meneses de Morais Filho,João Nogueira Neto,Lyvia Maria Rodrigues de Sousa Gomes,Izabelle Smith Fraza˜o Ramos,Salie Santos Rodrigues Oliveira,George Castro F. Melo,Lucilene Amorim Silva,Ed Carlos 한국식품영양과학회 2021 Journal of medicinal food Vol.24 No.4

Endometriosis was induced (autotransplant) in Wistar rats. After 21 days, the rats were randomly divided into two groups (16 female rats each). Control group was forced-fed 0.9% sodium chloride solution, and the ginger group was forced-fed 0.5 mg/100 g of Zingiber officinale Roscoe fresh extract, both by gavage, for 14 days, in addition to their normal diet. After that, an anesthetic dose (ketamine/xylazine) was administered until euthanasia. Peritoneal lavage fluid was collected to evaluate tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6, and autotransplant was measured and excised to evaluate histology. The final mean volumes were larger in the control group (120.92 mm3 ± 78.91) than in the ginger group (40.50 mm3 ± 19.57) (P = .01). The endometriosis foci increased in the control group from 45.10 mm3 ± 29.96 at 21 days postimplantation to 120.92 mm3 ± 78.91 on the day of euthanasia (P = .02). In the ginger group, a slight increase was observed from 38.43 mm3 ± 19.96 to 40.50 mm3 ± 19.57, without statistical difference (P = .83). In addition, a greater increase in growth of the endometriosis foci was found when compared with the control (75.81 mm3 ± 58.95) and ginger groups (2.07 mm3 ± 18.87) (P = .004). No difference was found in TNF-α (P = .51) and in IL-6 (P = .12). The degree of lesion atrophy was higher in the ginger group (1 ± 0.92) than in the control group (2.25 ± 1.16) (P = .03). The ginger extract reduced and atrophied autotransplanted endometriosis foci, but did not reduce IL-6 and TNF-α in the peritoneal lavage fluid.

Potential implications of blood flow restriction exercise on patients with chronic kidney disease: a brief review

Nicholas Rolnick,Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto,Eduardo Fernandes da Fonseca,Rodrigo Vanerson Passos Neves,Thiago dos Santos Rosa,Dahan da Cunha Nascimento 한국운동재활학회 2022 JER Vol.18 No.2

Combining blood flow restriction (BFR) with exercise is considered a relevant, helpful method in load-compromised individuals and a viable replacement for traditional heavy-load strength training. BFR exercise may be particularly useful for those unable to withstand high mechanical stresses on joints resulting in skeletal muscle dysfunction, such as patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Current literature suggests that BFR training displays similar positive health benefits to exercise training alone for CKD patients, including maintenance of muscle strength, glomerular filtration rate maintenance, uremic parameters, inflammatory profile, redox status, glucose homeostasis, blood pressure adjustments, and low adverse reports. In this review of nine studies in CKD patients, we clarify the potential safety and health effects of exercise training with BFR compared to exercise training alone and recommend insights for future research and practical use. Furthermore, we introduce relevant gaps in this emerging field, providing substantial guidance, critical discussion, and valuable preliminary conclusions in this demographic of patients. However, based on the limited studies in this area, more research is necessary to determine the optimal BFR exercise programming.

A CAD/CAM-based strategy for concurrent endodontic and restorative treatment

Escobar, Patricia Maria,Kishen, Anil,Lopes, Fabiane Carneiro,Borges, Caroline Cristina,Kegler, Eugenio Gabriel,Sousa-Neto, Manoel Damiao The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2019 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.44 No.3

This case report describes a technique in which endodontic treatment and permanent indirect restoration were completed in the same clinical appointment with the aid of a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) system. Two patients were diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis of the mandibular first molar. After access preparation, root canals were located, irrigation was performed until bleeding ceased, and the coronal tooth structure was prepared for indirect restoration. Then, utilizing an interim 3-mm build-up of the endodontic access cavity, a hemi-arch digital scan was performed with an intraoral scanner. Subsequent to digital scanning, restoration design was performed simultaneously with the endodontic procedure. The root canals were shaped using the Race system under irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite followed by root canal filling. The pulp chamber was subsequently filled with a 3-mm-thick composite resin restoration mimicking the interim build-up previously utilized to facilitate block milling in the CAD/CAM system. Clinical try-in of the permanent onlay restoration was followed by acid etching, application of a 5th generation adhesive, and cementation of the indirect restoration. Once the restoration was cemented, rubber dam isolation was removed, followed by occlusal adjustment and polishing. After 2 years of follow-up, the restorations were esthetically and functionally satisfactory, without complications.

A CAD/CAM-based strategy for concurrent endodontic and restorative treatment

Patricia Maria Escobar,Anil Kishen,Fabiane Carneiro Lopes,Caroline Cristina Borges,Eugenio Gabriel Kegler,Manoel Damião Sousa-Neto 대한치과보존학회 2019 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.44 No.3

This case report describes a technique in which endodontic treatment and permanent indirect restoration were completed in the same clinical appointment with the aid of a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) system. Two patients were diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis of the mandibular first molar. After access preparation, root canals were located, irrigation was performed until bleeding ceased, and the coronal tooth structure was prepared for indirect restoration. Then, utilizing an interim 3-mm build-up of the endodontic access cavity, a hemi-arch digital scan was performed with an intraoral scanner. Subsequent to digital scanning, restoration design was performed simultaneously with the endodontic procedure. The root canals were shaped using the Race system under irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite followed by root canal filling. The pulp chamber was subsequently filled with a 3-mm-thick composite resin restoration mimicking the interim build-up previously utilized to facilitate block milling in the CAD/ CAM system. Clinical try-in of the permanent onlay restoration was followed by acid etching, application of a 5th generation adhesive, and cementation of the indirect restoration. Once the restoration was cemented, rubber dam isolation was removed, followed by occlusal adjustment and polishing. After 2 years of follow-up, the restorations were esthetically and functionally satisfactory, without complications.

Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Ulcer Activities of Carvacrol, a Monoterpene Present in the Essential Oil of Oregano

Francilene V. Silva,Adriana G. Guimara˜es,Elayne R.S. Silva,Benedito P. Sousa-Neto,Fla´via D.F. Machado,Lucindo J. Quintans-Ju´nior,Daniel D.R. Arcanjo,Francisco A. Oliveira,Rita C.M. Oliveira 한국식품영양과학회 2012 Journal of medicinal food Vol.15 No.11

This study reports a pharmacological evaluation of anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer activities of carvacrol, a phenolic monoterpene constituent of essential oils produced by oregano and other several aromatic plants and spices, in experimental models of edema induced by different phlogistic agents and gastric lesions induced by acetic acid. In models of paw edema induced by dextran or histamine, carvacrol was effective at 50 mg/kg (46% and 35%, respectively); in these models, cyproheptadine reduced edema formation (61% and 43%, respectively). In edema induced by substance P, carvacrol (100 mg/kg) and ruthenium red (3 mg/kg) also decreased the edema formation (46% and 40%, respectively). Carvacrol significantly reduced the ear edema induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol acetate and arachidonic acid at 0.1 mg per ear (43% and 33%, respectively), similar to indomethacin at 0.5 mg per ear or 2.0 mg per ear (55% and 57%, respectively). Carvacrol (at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) showed a healing capacity on gastric lesions induced by acid acetic (60%, 91%, and 81%, respectively) after 14 days of treatment. These results suggest that carvacrol acts on different pharmacological targets, probably interfering in release and/or synthesis of inflammatory mediators, such as the prostanoids, and thus favoring the healing process for gastric ulcers.

Cone-beam computed tomographic evaluation of the root canal anatomy of the lower premolars and molars in a Brazilian sub-population

Almeida Jessica Cecilia,Candemil Amanda Pelegrin,Bertolini Gunther Ricardo,Souza-Gabriel Aline Evangelista,Cruz-Filho Antonio Miranda,Sousa-Neto Manoel Damião,Silva Ricardo Gariba 대한영상치의학회 2023 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.53 No.1

Purpose: This study evaluated anatomical variations in the root canals of the lower premolars and molars in a Brazilian sub-population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: In total, 121 CBCT images of patients were selected from a database. All images contained lower first and second premolars and molars on both sides of the arch, fully developed roots, and no treatment, resorption, or calcifications. In each image, the root canals of the lower premolars and molars were evaluated according to the Vertucci classification in On-Demand 3D software in the multiplanar reconstruction with dynamic navigation. Twenty-five percent of the images were re-assessed to analyze intraobserver confidence with the kappa test. Data were statistically evaluated with linear regression to evaluate the correlations of anatomic variations with age and sex, and the Wilcoxon test to analyze the laterality of variations, with a significance level of 5%. Results: The intraobserver agreement (0.94) was excellent. In general, the root canals of lower premolars and molars showed a higher prevalence of type I than other Vertucci classification types, followed by type V in premolars and type II in molars. When the molar roots were evaluated separately, type II was more frequent in mesial roots and type I in distal roots. Although age showed no correlations with the results, sex and laterality showed correlations with tooth 45 and the lower second premolars, respectively. Conclusion: The lower premolars and molars of a Brazilian sub-population showed a wide range of root canal anatomic variations

Negative neuromuscular and functional repercussion of forced swimming after axonotmesis

Júlia Araújo de Moura,Jaqueline de Morais,Samara Maria Neves Barbosa,Marcílio Coelho Ferreira,Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto,Hércules Ribeiro Leite,Murilo Xavier Oliveira,Thaís Peixoto Gaiad,Ana Paula Santo 한국운동재활학회 2022 JER Vol.18 No.3