Health-Related Quality of Life, Depression and Anxiety in Hospitalized Patients with Tuberculosis

Santos, Ana Paula Cere dos,Lazzari, Tassia Kirchmann,Silva, Denise Rossato The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2017 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.80 No.1

Background: Much of the attention of tuberculosis (TB) programs is focused on outcomes of microbiological cure and mortality, and health related quality of life (HRQL) is undervalued. Also, TB patients have a significantly higher risk of developing depression and anxiety compared with those in the general population. We intend to evaluate the HRQL and the prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety in hospitalized patients with TB. Methods: Cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital in Brazil. Adult patients with pulmonary TB that were hospitalized during the study period were identified and invited to participate. HRQL was measured using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36) version 2. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to record symptoms of anxiety and depression. Results: Eighty-six patients were included in the analysis. The mean age of all patients was $44.6{\pm}15.4$ years, 69.8% were male, and 53.5% were white. Thirty-two patients (37.2%) were human immunodeficiency virus positive. Twenty-seven patients (31.4%) met study criteria for depression (HADS depression score ${\geq}11$) and 33 (38.4%) had anxiety (HADS anxiety score ${\geq}11$). Scores on all domains of SF-36 were significantly lower than the Brazilian norm scores (p<0.001). Conclusion: The present study shows that TB patients may have a poor HRQL. Additionally, we found a possible high prevalence of depression and anxiety in this population. Health care workers should be aware of these psychological disorders to enable a better management of these patients. The treatment of these comorbidities may be associated with better TB outcomes.

Health-Related Quality of Life, Depression and Anxiety in Hospitalized Patients with Tuberculosis

( Ana Paula Cere Dos Santos ),( Tassia Kirchmann Lazzari ),( Denise Rossato Silva ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2017 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.80 No.1

Background: Much of the attention of tuberculosis (TB) programs is focused on outcomes of microbiological cure and mortality, and health related quality of life (HRQL) is undervalued. Also, TB patients have a significantly higher risk of developing depression and anxiety compared with those in the general population. We intend to evaluate the HRQL and the prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety in hospitalized patients with TB. Methods: Cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital in Brazil. Adult patients with pulmonary TB that were hospitalized during the study period were identified and invited to participate. HRQL was measured using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36) version 2. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to record symptoms of anxiety and depression. Results: Eighty-six patients were included in the analysis. The mean age of all patients was 44.6±15.4 years, 69.8% were male, and 53.5% were white. Thirty-two patients (37.2%) were human immunodeficiency virus positive. Twenty-seven patients (31.4%) met study criteria for depression (HADS depression score ≥11) and 33 (38.4%) had anxiety (HADS anxiety score ≥11). Scores on all domains of SF-36 were significantly lower than the Brazilian norm scores (p<0.001). Conclusion: The present study shows that TB patients may have a poor HRQL. Additionally, we found a possible high prevalence of depression and anxiety in this population. Health care workers should be aware of these psychological disorders to enable a better management of these patients. The treatment of these comorbidities may be associated with better TB outcomes.

Antidiabetic Effect of the Chrysobalanus icaco L. Aqueous Extract in Rats

Ana Paula de Oliveira Barbosa,Gabriela de Oliveira Silveira,Igor Alexandre Cortes de Menezes,Jose´ Melquiades Rezende Neto,Jose´ Leal C. Bitencurt,Charles dos Santos Estavam,Amanda do Carmo Bion de Li 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Journal of medicinal food Vol.16 No.6

Chrysobalanus icaco L. is a medicinal plant popularly known in Brazil as ‘‘Grageru’’ or ‘‘Abageru.’’ It is used in African and American continents as medicinal food in the treatment of several diseases, including diabetes. This study used phytochemical screening to determine the antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitor activities of the aqueous extract (AECI) of C. icaco, and evaluated its antidiabetic potential in rodents. Phytochemical screening was performed using colorimetric tests with specific reagents. The in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by the scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picril-hydrazyl. The lethality test and behavioral screening was performed using an oral administration of 5 g/kg of AECI. The antidiabetic potential of AECI was evaluated through the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and chronic hypoglycemic test at the doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg (orally). Metformin was used as a reference drug in all tests. Diabetes was induced by injection of alloxan (40 mg/kg; intravenously). Phytochemical screening showed the presence of various compounds, including tannins, flavones, triterpenoids, steroids, saponins, and alkaloids. The in vitro antioxidant test demonstrated that AECI presented potent antioxidant activity. The lethality test and behavioral screening did not show lethality signs. In the OGTT test, AECI administration was not able to inhibit the elevation of glycemia. However, chronically administrated, it was able to cause a significant (P < .05) reduction of glycemia from 335 ± 27 up to 197 ± 15 mg/dL. These results demonstrate that the AECI presents a potential beneficial effect for diabetes.

Effects of an Orabase Formulation with Ethanolic Extract of Malva sylvestris L. in Oral Wound Healing in Rats

Ana Cristina Kovalik,Paula Bisetto,Márcia Thaís Pochapski,Eduardo Baulm Campagnoli,Gibson Luiz Pilatti,Fábio André Santos 한국식품영양과학회 2014 Journal of medicinal food Vol.17 No.5

Malva sylvestris L. is widely used in medicine for treatment of inflammatory processes. The plant has antiinflammatory properties due to substances such as mucilage, flavonoids, and tannins. A mouthwash with leaves from the plant can be used for the treatment of wounds in the oral mucosa. The aim of this study was to assess the wound healing effect of Malva sylvestris L. on a palate mucosa wound in rats. After intraperitoneal anesthesia, a 4-mm-diameter excisional wound was made in the center of the palatal mucosa of 136 rats, using a punch-out biopsy tool. Eight animals were used as baseline wound. The remaining rats were divided into four groups: CO, control; OB, orabase vehicle; CX, 2% chlorhexidine; and MA, 20% Malva in orabase. At 24 h postoperatively, the animals were immobilized without anesthetic to apply 25 mg of each substance twice a day, totaling 50 mg daily. The wound areas were measured photographically and the reepithelialization rates were determined histologically (%) after 0, 3, 7, 15, and 21 days. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test. Similar healing pattern was observed among the groups (P > .05; ANOVA). According to the methodology, Malva sylvestris L. extract had no effect on wound healing in the palatal mucosa of rats.

Evaluation of bone substitutes for treatment of peri-implant bone defects: biomechanical, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses in the rabbit tibia

dos Santos, Pamela Leticia,de Molon, Rafael Scaf,Queiroz, Thallita Pereira,Okamoto, Roberta,de Souza Faloni, Ana Paula,Gulinelli, Jessica Lemos,Luvizuto, Eloa Rodrigues,Garcia, Idelmo Rangel Junior Korean Academy of Periodontology 2016 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.46 No.3

Purpose: We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of bone substitutes in circumferential periimplant defects created in the rabbit tibia. Methods: Thirty rabbits received 45 implants in their left and right tibia. A circumferential bone defect (6.1 mm in diameter/4 mm depth) was created in each rabbit tibia using a trephine bur. A dental implant ($4.1mm{\times}8.5mm$) was installed after the creation of the defect, providing a 2-mm gap. The bone defect gaps between the implant and the bone were randomly filled according to the following groups: blood clot (CO), particulate Bio-Oss$^{(R)}$ (BI), and Bio-Oss$^{(R)}$ Collagen (BC). Ten animals were euthanized after periods of 15, 30, and 60 days. Biomechanical analysis by means of the removal torque of the implants, as well as histologic and immunohistochemical analyses for protein expression of osteocalcin (OC), Runx2, OPG, RANKL, and TRAP were evaluated. Results: For biomechanics, BC showed a better biological response ($61.00{\pm}15.28Ncm$) than CO ($31.60{\pm}14.38Ncm$) at 30 days. Immunohistochemical analysis showed significantly different OC expression in CO and BC at 15 days, and also between the CO and BI groups, and between the CO and BC groups at 60 days. After 15 days, Runx2 expression was significantly different in the BI group compared to the CO and BC groups. RANKL expression was significantly different in the BI and CO groups and between the BI and BC groups at 15 days, and also between the BI and CO groups at 60 days. OPG expression was significantly higher at 60 days postoperatively in the BI group than the CO group. Conclusions: Collectively, our data indicate that, compared to CO and BI, BC offered better bone healing, which was characterized by greater RUNX2, OC, and OPG immunolabeling, and required greater reversal torque for implant removal. Indeed, along with BI, BC presents promising biomechanical and biological properties supporting its possible use in osteoconductive grafts for filling peri-implant gaps.

Production system influences color stability and lipid oxidation in gluteus medius muscle

Salim Ana Paula Amaral de Alcântara,Ferreira Micheli da Silva,Monteiro Maria Lucia Guerra,Lima Loíse Caroline Santos de,Magalhães Isabelle Trezze Marins,Conte-Júnior Carlos Adam,Mano Sérgio Borges 아세아·태평양축산학회 2023 Animal Bioscience Vol.36 No.5

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the color and oxidative stability of beef gluteus medius (GM) from cattle raised in organic and non-organic production systems. Methods: The GM samples (n = 10) were obtained from organic (ORG; n = 5) or nonorganic (NORG; n = 5) beef samples, sliced into 2.54-cm steaks, packaged in aerobic conditions, and stored for nine days at 4°C. ORG and NORG steaks were compared regarding myoglobin concentration, pH, instrumental color, delta E (ΔE), metmyoglobin reducing activity (MRA), and lipid oxidation on days 0, 5, and 9. Results: Feeding system did not influence (p>0.05) the myoglobin concentration. ORG steaks exhibited greater (p<0.05) meat pH, yellowness, and MRA, whereas NORG steaks exhibited greater (p<0.05) redness, chroma, R630/580, delta E, and lipid oxidation. ORG and NORG steaks exhibited similar (p>0.05) lightness and hue angle. During storage, ORG and NORG exhibited an increase in muscle pH, hue angle, and lipid oxidation; and a decrease (p<0.05) in redness, yellowness, chroma, and color stability (R630/580). Both samples exhibited a stable (p>0.05) pattern for lightness and MRA. Conclusion: Therefore, the production system can affect beef color and lipid stability during storage.

Application of Response Surface Methodology for Producing Cellulolytic Enzymes by Solid-state Fermentation from the Puple Mombin (Spondias purpurea L.) Residue

Tamires Carvalho dos Santos,George Abreu Filho,Ana Carolina Oliveira,Thiago José Onório Rocha,Fabiano de Paula Pereira Machado,Renata Cristina Ferreira Bonomo,Katia Iro Altides Mota,Marcelo Franco 한국식품과학회 2013 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.22 No.1

This study aimed at demonstrating the effects of fermentation time (24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h) and water activity (0.943, 0.970, and 0.985) on the production of cellulolytic enzymes by solid-state fermentation of purple mombin (Spondias purpurea L.) residue using Aspergillus niger. The fermentation was carried out at 35oC and the enzyme production was measured as endoglucanase and total cellulose activities. The optimum condition for endoglucanase was water activity 0.974 and 93.8 h of fermentation, reaching a production of 3.21 U/g of residue;whereas for total cellulase it was 0.958 and 79.4 h achieving 12.1 U/g of residue. Fermentation time had a greater effect on the endoglucanase activity, while water activity had a more significant influence on the total cellulase activity. Endoglucanase had optimum activity at temperature of 50oC and pH 5.0. Although cellulase total optimum activity was also at pH 5.0, the maximum activity was at 60oC.

The Risk of Multimorbidity Associated with Overweight and Obesity: Data from the Brazilian National Health Survey 2013

Thaynã Ramos Flores,Ana Paula dos Santos Rodrigues,Rosália Garcia Neves,Sandro Rodrigues Batista,Doralice Severo da Cruz Teixeira,Erika Aparecida da Silveira,Deborah Carvalho Malta,Bruno Pereira Nunes 대한비만학회 2021 The Korean journal of obesity Vol.30 No.2

Background: An increase in body mass index (BMI) is strongly associated with the occurrence of multimorbidity, and overweight and obesity are contributing factors for the increase in morbidities. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of multimorbidity and associated factors in Brazilian adults with and without overweight or obesity. Methods: This was a cross-sectional population-based study with data from the National Health Survey (2013) including individuals aged 18 years or older. Multimorbidity was defined as having ≥2 diseases from the list of 15 morbidities on the self-reported questionnaire (self-reported medical diagnosis in life). BMI was categorized as: ≤24.9 kg/m2 (low weight and eutrophy), 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 (overweight), and ≥30.0 kg/m2 (obesity). Sex, age, and schooling were the covariates. Poisson regression was used for crude and adjusted analyses for the variables representing access to health services estimating the prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The total sample consisted of 59,402 individuals. The prevalence of multimorbidity was 25% overall and was higher among overweight (25.8%) and obese (32.5%) individuals. Obese women 60 years or older had a higher occurrence of multimorbidity (80%). In the adjusted analysis, a lower prevalence of multimorbidity was observed among those with higher educational levels in all BMI classifications: low weight/eutrophy, PR=0.66 (95% CI, 0.58–0.75); overweight, PR=0.62 (95% CI, 0.56–0.70); and obesity, PR=0.75 (95% CI, 0.67–0.85). Conclusion: A higher prevalence of multimorbidity was found among obese women who were 60 years of age or older. Schooling was an associated factor regardless of BMI.

Evaluation of bone substitutes for treatment of peri-implant bone defects: biomechanical, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses in the rabbit tibia

Pâmela Letícia dos Santos,Rafael Scaf de Molon,Thallita Pereira Queiroz,Roberta Okamoto,Ana Paula de Souza Faloni,Jéssica Lemos Gulinelli,Eloá Rodrigues Luvizuto,Idelmo Rangel Garcia Junior 대한치주과학회 2016 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.46 No.3

Purpose: We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of bone substitutes in circumferential periimplant defects created in the rabbit tibia. Methods: Thirty rabbits received 45 implants in their left and right tibia. A circumferential bone defect (6.1 mm in diameter/4 mm depth) was created in each rabbit tibia using a trephine bur. A dental implant (4.1 mm × 8.5 mm) was installed after the creation of the defect, providing a 2-mm gap. The bone defect gaps between the implant and the bone were randomly filled according to the following groups: blood clot (CO), particulate Bio-Oss® (BI), and Bio-Oss® Collagen (BC). Ten animals were euthanized after periods of 15, 30, and 60 days. Biomechanical analysis by means of the removal torque of the implants, as well as histologic and immunohistochemical analyses for protein expression of osteocalcin (OC), Runx2, OPG, RANKL, and TRAP were evaluated. Results: For biomechanics, BC showed a better biological response (61.00±15.28 Ncm) than CO (31.60±14.38 Ncm) at 30 days. Immunohistochemical analysis showed significantly different OC expression in CO and BC at 15 days, and also between the CO and BI groups, and between the CO and BC groups at 60 days. After 15 days, Runx2 expression was significantly different in the BI group compared to the CO and BC groups. RANKL expression was significantly different in the BI and CO groups and between the BI and BC groups at 15 days, and also between the BI and CO groups at 60 days. OPG expression was significantly higher at 60 days postoperatively in the BI group than the CO group. Conclusions: Collectively, our data indicate that, compared to CO and BI, BC offered better bone healing, which was characterized by greater RUNX2, OC, and OPG immunolabeling, and required greater reversal torque for implant removal. Indeed, along with BI, BC presents promising biomechanical and biological properties supporting its possible use in osteoconductive grafts for filling peri-implant gaps.

Change in pediatric trauma-related visits in a tertiary hospital in Colombia during coronavirus disease 2019 lockdown

Adriana Cuenca,Aura Coy,Natalia Gutiérrez,María Paula Santos,Juan David Bustos,Ana María Morales,Alejandra Marín 대한소아응급의학회 2023 대한소아응급의학회지 Vol.10 No.1

Purpose: During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, Colombian government declared a lockdown, forcing children to stay at home. The authors aimed to analyze the change in the pattern of trauma-related visits during the lockdown. Methods: We carried out a retrospective descriptive study on injured children aged 17 years or younger who visited the emergency department of a tertiary pediatric hospital in Bogotá, Colombia from March 15 through May 15, 2019 (control period) and the same period in 2020 (lockdown period). Between the 2 periods, baseline characteristics and injury profiles were compared. Results: Among the study population (n = 1,485), 1,122 and 363 children visited the emergency department during the control and lockdown periods, respectively. In the midst of 73.9% decrease in numbers of overall visits between the 2 periods, a 67.6% decrease was noted in number of trauma-related visits. Regarding the proportions, trauma-related visits increased from 7.9% to 9.8%. During the lockdown, increases occurred in the proportions of the following variables: children younger than 5 years (25.5% to 50.7%; P < 0.001), mechanisms other than blunt, minor fall or traffic accident (e.g., bite, 3.9% to 6.6%; P = 0.032), child abuse (1.2% to 4.1%; P = 0.003), hospitalization (4.6% to 35.8%; P < 0.001), open wound (21.1% to 36.9%; P < 0.001), the use of computed tomography (6.3% to 9.9%; P < 0.001), and abnormal imaging findings (28.8% to 31.7%; P = 0.003). Conclusion: During the lockdown, children with trauma may show an increase in overall severity, and also a higher risk of abusive trauma. This finding indicates a sensible need of educating families in prevention of domestic injury.