Antiviral activity of 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh2 against murine gammaherpesvirus

Soowon Kang,Kyungtaek Im,Geon Kim,Hyeyoung Min 고려인삼학회 2017 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.41 No.4

Background: Ginsenosides are the major components of Panax ginseng Meyer, an herbal medicine used for the treatment of various diseases. Different ginsenosides contribute to the biological properties of ginseng, such as antimicrobial, anticancer, and immunomodulatory properties. In this study, we investigated the antiviral effects of 15 ginsenosides and compound K on gammaherpesvirus. Methods: The antiviral activity of ginsenosides was examined using the plaque-forming assay and by analyzing the expression of the lytic gene. Results: 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rh2 inhibited the replication and proliferation of murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68), and its half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) against MHV-68 was estimated to be 2.77 mM. In addition, 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh2 inhibited 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced lytic replication of human gammaherpesvirus in the Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV)-positive cell line BC3. Conclusion: Our results indicate that 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh2 can inhibit the replication of mouse and human gammaherpesviruses, and thus, has the potential to treat gammaherpesvirus infection.

Ginseng, the 'Immunity Boost': The Eff ects of Panax ginseng on Immune System

Soowon Kang,Hyeyoung Min 고려인삼학회 2012 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.36 No.4

Thousands of literatures have described the diverse role of ginseng in physiological processes such as cancer, neurodegenera tive disorders, insulin resistance, and hypertension. In particular, ginseng has been extensively reported to maintain homeostasis of the immune system and to enhance resistance to illness or microbial attacks through the regulation of immune system. Immune system comprises of different types of cells fulfi lling their own specialized functions, and each type of the immune cells is differentially infl uenced and may be simultaneously controlled by ginseng treatment. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the effects of ginseng on immune system. We discuss how ginseng regulates each type of immune cells including macrophages, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, T cells, and B cells. We also describe how ginseng exhibits benefi cial effects on controlling infl ammatory diseases and microbial infections.

Macro and small over micro: macromolecules and small molecules that regulate microRNAs.

Kang, Soowon,Im, Kyungtaek,Baek, Jihae,Yoon, Sungroh,Min, Hyeyoung Wiley-VCH Verlag 2014 Chembiochem Vol. No.

<P>Given the correlation between the deregulation of specific miRNAs and disease onset, it is critical to identify miRNA regulators that effectively control miRNAs involved in the pathogenesis of target diseases. This review provides the latest update on oligonucleotide- and small-molecule-based miRNA regulators, and discusses assays developed to screen for small-molecule regulators.</P>

Machine learning-based identification of endogenous cellular microRNA sponges against viral microRNAs

Kang, Soowon,Park, Seunghyun,Yoon, Sungroh,Min, Hyeyoung Elsevier 2017 Methods Vol.129 No.-

<P>A 'miRNA sponge' is an artificial oligonucleotide-based miRNA inhibitor containing multiple binding sites for a specific miRNA. Each miRNA sponge can bind and sequester several miRNA copies, thereby decreasing the cellular levels of the target miRNA. In addition to developing artificial miRNA sponges, scientists have sought endogenous RNA transcripts and found that long non-coding RNAs, competing endogenous RNAs, pseudogenes, circular RNAs, and coding RNAs could act as miRNA sponges under precise conditions. Here we present a computational approach for the prediction of endogenous human miRNA sponge candidates targeting viral miRNAs derived from pathogenic human viruses. Viral miRNA binding sites were predicted using a newly-developed machine learning-based method, and candidate interactions between miRNAs and sponge RNAs were experimentally validated using luciferase reporter assay, western blot analysis, and flow cytometry. We found that BX649188.1 functions as a potential natural miRNA sponge against kshv-miR-K12-7-3p. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</P>

Direct Antiviral Mechanisms of Interferon-Gamma

Soowon Kang,Hailey M. Brown,Seungmin Hwang 대한면역학회 2018 Immune Network Vol.18 No.5

Antiviral activity of 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh2 against murine gammaherpesvirus

Kang, Soowon,Im, Kyungtaek,Kim, Geon,Min, Hyeyoung The Korean Society of Ginseng 2017 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.41 No.4

Background: Ginsenosides are the major components of Panax ginseng Meyer, an herbal medicine used for the treatment of various diseases. Different ginsenosides contribute to the biological properties of ginseng, such as antimicrobial, anticancer, and immunomodulatory properties. In this study, we investigated the antiviral effects of 15 ginsenosides and compound K on gammaherpesvirus. Methods: The antiviral activity of ginsenosides was examined using the plaque-forming assay and by analyzing the expression of the lytic gene. Results: 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rh2 inhibited the replication and proliferation of murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68), and its half-maximal inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50} $) against MHV-68 was estimated to be $2.77{\mu}M$. In addition, 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh2 inhibited 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced lytic replication of human gammaherpesvirus in the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)-positive cell line BC3. Conclusion: Our results indicate that 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh2 can inhibit the replication of mouse and human gammaherpesviruses, and thus, has the potential to treat gammaherpesvirus infection.

Antiviral activity of ginsenoside Rg3 isomers against gammaherpesvirus through inhibition of p38- and JNK-associated pathways

Kang, Soowon,Song, Moon Jung,Min, Hyeyoung Elsevier 2018 Journal of Functional Foods Vol.40 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Natural compounds from functional foods targetingviruses are considered to have important role for regulating virus-related diseases. Ginsenoside Rg3 is one of the active pharmaceutical components found in <I>Panax ginseng</I> C.A. Meyer which is widely used as a functional food in East Asia. In our present study, we have characterized the antiviral activities of the ginsenoside Rg3 isomers, 20(<I>R</I>)- and 20(<I>S</I>)-ginsenoside Rg3, against murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68), a mouse model of human gammaherpesvirus which can cause various malignancies including cancer. We found that both 20(<I>R</I>)- and 20(<I>S</I>)-ginsenoside Rg3 inhibited lytic replication and viral proliferation of MHV-68, although 20(<I>S</I>)-ginsenoside Rg3 was more effective than 20(<I>R</I>)-ginsenoside Rg3. Furthermore, ginsenoside Rg3 isomers efficiently repressed chemically-induced lytic replication of human gammaherpesviruses in EBV-positive BC-3 and KSHV-positive Raji cell lines. Finally, our data showed that ginsenoside Rg3 isomers suppressed the p38 and/or the JNK-associated MAPK signaling pathways, thereby inhibiting viral replication.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Ginsenoside Rg3 (G-Rg3) isomers inhibit lytic replication of murine gammaherpesvirus 68. </LI> <LI> 20(<I>S</I>)-G-Rg3 has a more prominent antiviral effect than 20(<I>R</I>)-G-Rg3. </LI> <LI> G-Rg3 isomers suppress replication of gammaherpesvirus in BC-3 and Raji cells. </LI> <LI> G-Rg3 isomers suppress p38 and/or JNK activation. </LI> </UL> </P>

Nucleotide triphosphatase and RNA chaperone activities of murine norovirus NS3

Han, Kang Rok,Lee, Ji-Hye,Kotiguda, Giri Gowda,Jung, Kyoung Ho,Chung, Mi Sook,Kang, Soowon,Hwang, Seungmin,Kim, Kyung Hyun Microbiology Society 2018 The Journal of general virology Vol.99 No.11

경험표집법을 통해 수집한 감정 데이터 가변성에 대한 이해

강수원(Soowon Kang),차나래(Narae Cha),박철영(Cheul Young Park),김아욱(Auk Kim),이의진(Uichin Lee) 한국HCI학회 2020 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2020 No.2

경험표집법(ESM; Experience Sampling Method)은 일상생활 중 임의의 시각에 설문알림을 전달하여 설문에 실시간 응답하게 하는 방법으로 일상생활 중 사람들의 심리 상태를 수집하기 위해 널리 활용되고 있다. 하지만, 기존의 멀티태스킹 관련 연구 결과를 고려하면 진행중인 일에 방해를 주는 ESM 알림 및 설문 행동은 사람들에게 스트레스를 유발하는 등 심리상태에 변화를 줄 수 있다. 따라서 ESM 으로 수집된 심리상태는 실제와 차이가 있을 수 있다. 본 연구는 ESM 알림 및 설문 행위에 의해 발생하는 감정 변화문제를 집중적으로 알아보고자 한다. 구체적으로 (1) ESM 이 감정상태에 미치는 영향과 (2) 이와 연관된 요인을 분석하고자 한다. 이를 위해, 일주일 간 76 명의 일상 생활 속 감정 상태 표본(N=6173)을 수집하여 통계 분석을 진행하였다. 참여자들의 감정 표본 중 37 퍼센트 이상이 감정 변화를 보였으며, 이들 변화는 당시 감정 상태와 높은 연관성을 보였다.

가상쇼핑을 위한 지능형 에이전트의 모형화

이강건(Kang-geon Lee),이경현(Kyung-hyun Lee),이수원(Soowon Lee),정문렬(Moon Ryul Jung) 한국정보과학회 1996 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.2A

기존의 에이전트가 없는 가상현실에서는 인간참여자는 미리 정해진 가상공간을 탐험하게 되나, 가상공간에 지능적인 에이전트를 도입함으로써 인간참여자는 가상공간과의 더욱 현실감 있는 상호작용이 가능하다. 본 논문에서는 가상쇼핑 영역에서 인간참여자의 반응에 따라 자율적으로 행동하는 에이전트를 모형화하는 방법을 기술한다. 주어진 인간참여자의 의도로부터 에이전트는 자기자신의 행위를 결정하고 동작을 생성한다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 기능을 가진 에이전트를 Soar라는 인공지능 구조를 이용하여 구현하고, 에이전트를 가상현실 시스템과 통합하기 위한 인터페이스를 제시한다.