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손기순,정연희,조경화 효성여자대학교 가정대학 학도호국단 1987 家政大論集 Vol.6 No.-
전통사회가 산업사회로 전환됨에 따라서 부부가 동등한 입장에서 민주적 방식으로 대화를 통하여 가정문제를 해결하려는 경향이 짙어지고 있는 현시점에서 문헌적 고찰을 통한 부부간의 커뮤니케이션에 대해 살펴본 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) 커뮤니케이션은 의사소통, 감정교환, 감정이입의 의미를 포괄하고 있으며 의사를 소통하고 정보를 교환하며 감정을 이입시키는 행위의 수단이라 정의할 수 있다. (2) 커뮤니케이션의 기능은 일차적 기능과 이차적 기능으로 구분된다. 일차적 기능으로는 응집과 적응이 있으며 이것은 가족원 상호적용에 관한 통합적 개념이다. 이차적 기능으로는 가족이미지, 가족테에마, 한계, 생물·사회적 문제가 있으며 일차적 기능과 같이 가족생활의 형태를 구성한다. (3) 커뮤니케이션의 구성요소는 송신자, 기호, 반송수단으로서의 회로, 수신자로 분류 되어진다. 송신자란 어떤 사람이 다른 사람에게 자신의 의지, 감정, 지식 등을 전달하고자 할때 자기의 전달하고자 하는 것을 어떠한 표현 방법(문자, 언어, 몸짓 등)을 써서 보내는 사람을 말한다. 회로란 기호화된 메시지를 반송하는 수단으로서 음파, 전화, 전파 등이 있다. 수신자란 송신자가 메시지를 보내는 상대를 말하는데, 보내진 기호는 보내는 측의 감정이나 표현되지 않는 뜻도 포함되어 있으므로 수신자는 그것도 포함시켜서 해독해야 한다. (4) 부부간의 커뮤니케이션과 관련되는 변인으로는 연령, 교육수준, 결혼지속연수, 자녀수, 수입 등이 있으며 , 이들 변인에 따른 부부간의 커뮤니케이션에 관한 결과들은 서로 상반된 견해를 나타내었다. 부부간의 커뮤니케이션의 정도를 높이기 위해서는 대중 매체를 통하여 조직적이고 의식적인 방법과 간접적인 방법으로 모든 성인 남·녀에게 커뮤니케이션 교육을 실시하여 행복한 부부관계 유지를 위한 부부 커뮤니케이션의 중요성에 대한 인식을 높여 주도록 하여야 할 것이다. As the traditional society changes to the industrial society, marriage couples tend to handle familyproblems through communication on equal basis. The summary of the study on husband-wife com-munication are as follows ; 1. Communication includes mutual understanding, exchange of emotion, and empathy and can bedefined as a behavioral means for mutual understanding, exchange of information, and empathy. 2. Communication has two functions: the primary and the secondary function. The primary function,which is an integrated concept of family interaction, includes cohesion and adjustment. The secondaryfunction, which forms family life like the primary one does, includes family imagination, family thema,limitation, biology, and social matters. 3. Sources of communication are fransmitter, signal, circuit, and receiver. A transmitter refers toa person who delivers his/her intention, emotion and information to others by expressional methods(letter, language, jesture). Circuit refers to communication means such as sound ware, telephone, and electrical wave. Thereceiver refers to the caenterpart of the transmitter. Since signal includes emotial feelings and non-specifed meanings as well as specific message, the receiver should decipher the signal comprehensi-vely. Feedback refers to the process in which the transmitter checks how the receiver understandthe message. 4. The variables in husband-wife communication are age, level of chidren, duration of marriage, the number of children and income. The study shows that these variables leads to mutual understan-ding and mutual understand to accormodation and accormodation to adjustment in marriage. Moreo-ver, successful communication results in happiness, psychological stability, and higher goal achieve-ment for valuable life. Therefore, communication is an indispensible factor for harmonious marital relationships. Accor-dingly, if spouses recognize the importance of communication and try to communicate effectively,they could manage happier marriage life. To improve communication, it is required to increase understanding for importance of marital co-mmunication through communication and mess media.
저선량 γ선 조사가 고추의 광합성과 광 스트레스 경감에 미치는 효과
이혜연,김재성,백명화,박순철,박연일 한국환경농학회 2002 한국환경농학회지 Vol.21 No.2
고추 종자에 저선량 γ선을 조사시킨 고추 식물체의 생육과 광합성 능 및 광 스트레스 반응에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 저선량 4 Gy가 조사된 고추 식물체에서 광합성에 의한 산소발생이 대조구에 비해 1.5배정도 높은 것으로 나타났다. 고추 잎에 900 μmol/㎡/s의 빛의 세기로 광저해를 4시간 유도하였을 때 최대 광합성능 (Pmax)이 대조구의 경우 20%정도 감소되는 반면 4 Gy 조사구는 3% 정도의 감소를 보였다. Fv/Fm는 광저해가 진행됨에 따라 감소되는 경향을 보이며 대조구의 경우 4시간 처리시 fv/Fm 값이 50% 정도 감소되는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 반면 4 Gy조사구는 fv/Fm값이 대략 37%정도 감소되어 대조구에 비해 광 스트레스에 대해 덜 민감한 것으로 나타났다. Fo는 광저해가 진행됨에 따라 거의 변화가 없었으며 대조구나 4 Gy 조사구 사이의 차이도 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. 광계Ⅱ의 광양자 수율인 Φ_PSⅡ과 광계Ⅱ 반응중심에 의한 여기 포획률을 나타내주는 1/Fo-1/Fm 또한 광저해가 진행됨에 따라 감소되었으며 4시간을 처리했을 경우 각각 대조구는 47%, 4 Gy 조사구는 30%의 감소를 볼 수 있었다. 비광화학적 소멸인 NPQ는 광저해가 진행됨에 따라 감소되는 경향을 보였으나 대조구와 4 Gy 조사구간에 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 볼 때 종자의 종피를 투과한 저선량의 γ선이 식물의 광합성을 증대시키고 동시에 광 스트레스에 대한 저해를 감소시키는 것으로 보인다. The effect of low dose Y radiation on photosynthesis and the reduction of photoinhibition in red pepper plant was investigated. The seedling height, leaf width and leaf length of pepper were stimulated in plants grown from seeds irradiated with the tow dose of 4 Gy. The O_2 evolution in the 4 Gy irradiation group was 1.5 times greater than in the control. To investigate the effect of low dose Y radiation on response to high light stress, photoinhibition was induced in leaves of pepper by illumination of high light (900 μ㏖/㎡/s). Pmax was decreased with increasing illumination time by 20% in the control, while hardly decreased in the 4 Gy irradiation group. The photochemical yield of PSII, estimated as Fv/Fm, was decreased with increasing illumination time by 50% after 4 hours while Fo did not change. However, Fv/Fm in the 4 Gy irradiation group was decreased by 37% of inhibition, indicating that the photoinhibition was decreased by the low dose Y radiation. Changes in the effective quantum yield of PSII, Φpsu, and 1/Fo-1/Fm, a measure of the rate constant of excitation trapping by the PSII reaction center, showed similar pattern to Fv/Fm. And NPQ was decreased after photoinhibitry treatment, showing no difference between the control and the 4 Gy irradiation group. These results showed the positive effect of low dose Y radiation on the seedling growth and the reduction of photoinhibition.
The Learning Curve for Single-Port Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy by Experienced Laparoscopic Surgeon
Soon Hwa Youn,Young Hoon Roh,Hong Jo Choi,Young Hoon Kim,Ghap Joong Jung,Mee Sook Roh 대한외과학회 2011 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.80 No.2
Purpose: Single-port laparoscopic surgery is a rapidly advancing technique in laparoscopic surgery. However, there is currently limited evidence on the learning curve for this procedure. The aim of this study was to estimate the number of single port laparoscopic cholecystectomies required until improvement in the performance of the technique ceases. Methods: This is a descriptive, single-center study using routinely collected clinical data from 70 patients who underwent single port laparoscopic cholecystectomy between May 2009 and June 2010 at Dong-A University Medical Center in Busan, Korea. The review includes the mean operating time, conversion cases, intra-operative GB perforation, post-operative wound infection and mean hospital stay. Results: The mean operating time of the first 30 cases (the learning period) was 91.83 minutes. After 30 operations (the experience period), it plateaued to an average of 75.25 minutes, which remained steady in the next 40 operations - a reduction of more than 16%. Reduction in the operating time was significant (P<0.001) between the learning period and the experience period. Other factors including additional ports, intraoperative gall bladder perforation, mean hospital stay, post-operative wound infection were not significantly different between the two periods. Conclusion: We suggest that the learning curve for single port laparoscopic cholecystectomy should be around thirty cases for a surgeon with prior conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy experience and for self-taught single port technique.
( Hwa Youn Lee ),( Hyoung Goo Park ),( Young Ran Lim ),( Im Soon Lee ),( Beom Joon Kim ),( Cheul Hun Seong ),( Young Jin Chun ),( Dong Hak Kim ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2012 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.22 No.1
Malassezia globosa is a common pathogenic fungus that causes skin diseases including dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis in humans. Analysis of its genome identified a gene (MGL_1677) coding for a putative NADPH-P450 reductase (NPR) to support the fungal cytochrome P450 enzymes. The heterologously expressed recombinant M. globosa NPR protein was purified, and its functional features were characterized. The purified protein generated a single band on SDS-PAGE at 80.74 kDa and had an absorption maximum at 452 nm, indicating its possible function as an oxidized flavin cofactor. It evidenced NADPH-dependent reducing activity for cytochrome c or nitroblue tetrazolium. Human P450 1A2 and 2A6 were able to successfully catalyze the O-deethylation of 7- ethoxyresorufin and the 7-hydroxylation of coumarin, respectively, with the support of the purified NPR. These results demonstrate that purified NPR is an orthologous reductase protein that supports cytochrome P450 enzymes in M. globosa.