Atomoxetine and Fluoxetine Activate AMPK-ACC-CPT1 Pathway in Human SH-SY5Y and U-87 MG Cells

Songhee Jeon(Songhee Jeon),Jeong-Eun Park(Jeong-Eun Park),Young Ho Do(Young Ho Do),Renata Santos(Renata Santos ),Seong Mi Lee(Seong Mi Lee),Bung-Nyun Kim(Bung-Nyun Kim),Jae Hoon Cheong(Jae Hoon Cheong 대한신경정신의학회 2023 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.20 No.3

Objective Atomoxetine and fluoxetine are psychopharmacologic agents associated with loss of appetite and weight. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the cellular energy sensor that regulate metabolism and energy, being activated by fasting and inhibited by feeding in the hypothalamus. Methods Human brain cell lines (SH-SY5Y and U-87 MG cells) were used to study the outcome of atomoxetine and fluoxetine treatment in the activity of AMPK-acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)- carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1) pathway and upstream regulation by calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) using immunoblotting and CPT1 enzymatic activity measures. Results Phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC increased significantly after atomoxetine and fluoxetine treatment in the first 30-60 minutes of treatment in the two cell lines. Activation of AMPK and inhibition of ACC was associated with an increase by 5-fold of mitochondrial CPT1 activity. Although the neuronal isoform CPT1C could be detected by immunoblotting, activity was not changed by the drug treatments. In addition, the increase in phospho-AMPK and phospho-ACC expression induced by atomoxetine was abolished by treatment with STO-609, a CaMKKβ inhibitor, indicating that AMPK-ACC-CPT1 pathway is activated through CaMKKβ phosphorylation. Conclusion These findings indicate that at the cellular level atomoxetine and fluoxetine treatments may activate AMPK-ACC-CPT1 pathways through CaMKKβ in human SH-SY5Y and U-87 MG cells.

Acupuncture Inhibits Kainic Acid–Induced Hippocampal Cell Death in Mice

Kim, Seung-Tae,Jeon, Songhee,Park, Hae Jeong,Hong, Mee-Sook,Jeong, Wu Byung,Kim, Jang-Hyun,Kim, Yeonjung,Lee, Hye-Jung,Park, Hi-Joon,Chung, Joo-Ho The Physiological Society of Japan 2008 JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Vol.58 No.1

<P>We examined whether acupuncture can reduce both the incidence of seizures and hippocampal cell death using a mouse model of kainic acid (KA)–induced epilepsy. ICR mice were given acupuncture once a day at acupoint HT8 (sobu) bilaterally during 2 days before KA injection. After an intracerebroventricular injection of 0.1 μg of KA, acupuncture treatment was subsequently administered once more (total 3 times), and the degree of seizure was observed for 20 min. Three hours after injection, the survival of neuronal cells and the expressions of c-Fos, c-Jun, and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD)-67 in the CA1 and CA3 were determined using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting techniques. Acupuncture reduced the severity of the KA-induced epileptic seizure and the rate of neural cell death, and it also decreased the expressions of c-Fos and c-Jun induced by KA in the hippocampus. Furthermore, acupuncture increased GAD-67 expressions in the same areas. These results demonstrated that it could inhibit the KA-induced epileptic seizure and hippocampal cell death by increasing GAD-67 expressions.</P>

Doc2vec 기반 특허인용네트워크 링크예측방법

Songhee Kim(김송희),Byungun Yoon(윤병운) 대한산업공학회 2020 대한산업공학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2020 No.11

MS2 Labeling of Endogenous Beta-Actin mRNA Does Not Result in Stabilization of Degradation Intermediates

Kim, Songhee H.,Vieira, Melissa,Kim, Hye-Jin,Kesawat, Mahipal Singh,Park, Hye Yoon Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2019 Molecules and cells Vol.42 No.4

The binding of MS2 bacteriophage coat protein (MCP) to MS2 binding site (MBS) RNA stem-loop sequences has been widely used to label mRNA for live-cell imaging at single-molecule resolution. However, concerns have been raised recently from studies with budding yeast showing aberrant mRNA metabolism following the MS2-GFP labeling. To investigate the degradation pattern of MS2-GFP-labeled mRNA in mammalian cells and tissues, we used Northern blot analysis of ${\beta}$-actin mRNA extracted from the Actb-MBS knock-in and $MBS{\times}MCP$ hybrid mouse models. In the immortalized mouse embryonic cell lines and various organ tissues derived from the mouse models, we found no noticeable accumulation of decay products of ${\beta}$-actin mRNA compared with the wild-type mice. Our results suggest that accumulation of MBS RNA decay fragments does not always happen depending on the mRNA species and the model organisms used.

Sour cherry ameliorates hepatic lipid synthesis in high-fat diet-induced obese mice via activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling

Songhee Ahn,Minseo Kim,Hyun-Sook Kim 한국영양학회 2023 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.56 No.6

Purpose: Sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) contains abounding phytochemicals, such as polyphenols and anthocyanins, and has antioxidative effects. Adenosine monophosphateactivated protein kinase (AMPK) is a crucial regulator in enhancing the lipid metabolism. This study hypothesized that the intake of sour cherry affects AMPK signaling. Therefore, this study examined whether sour cherry regulates AMPK to balance the hepatic lipid metabolism and exert ameliorating effects. Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice had obesity induced with a 45% fat diet. The mice were divided into four groups: control (CON), high-fat diet (HFD), low percentage sour cherry powder (LSC), and high percentage sour cherry powder (HSC). The mice in the sour cherry groups were fed 1% sour cherry or 5% sour cherry in their respective diets for 12 weeks. Results: The body weight, visceral fat weight, and lipid droplet size significantly decreased in the treatment groups. The serum and hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol levels improved significantly in the HSC group. The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were also reduced significantly, whereas the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were increased significantly in both treatment groups. The sterol regulator binding protein-1c and fatty acid synthase expression levels as fatty acid synthesis-related enzymes were significantly lower in the treatment groups than in the high-fat diet group. Furthermore, the adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase expression levels as lipolytic enzyme activity and AMPK/acetyl-CoA carboxylase/carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 as fatty acid β-oxidationrelated pathway were upregulated significantly in both sour cherry groups. Conclusions: These results show that sour cherry intake improves hepatic lipid synthesis and chronic diseases by activating AMPK signaling. Therefore, this study suggests that phytochemical-rich sour cherry can be developed as a healthy functional food.

콘텐츠기반 클러스터링(Content based clustering)을 위한 과학기술논문 임베딩 방법론 개발: 문서 챕터 구성 및 이종데이터 형태의 서지정보 활용

Songhee Kim(김송희),Byungun Yoon(윤병운) 대한산업공학회 2021 대한산업공학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.6

Bee venom stimulates human melanocyte proliferation,melanogenesis, dendricity and migration

Songhee Jeon/Nan-Hyung Kim,Byung-Soo Koo,Hyun-Joo Lee,이애영 생화학분자생물학회 2007 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.39 No.5

Pigmentation may result from melanocyte proliferation, melanogenesis, migration or increases in dendricity. Recently, it has been reported that secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) known as a component of bee venom (BV), stimulates melanocyte dendricity and pigmentation. BV has been used clinically to control rheumatoid arthritis and to ameliorate pain via its anti- inflammatory and antinociceptive properties. Moreover, after treatment with BV, pigmentation around the injection sites was occasionally observed and the pigmentation lasted a few months. However, no study has been done about the effect of BV on melanocytes. Thus, in the present study, we examined the effect of BV on the proliferation, melanogenesis, dendricity and migration in normal human melanocytes and its signal transduction. BV increased the number of melanocytes dose and time dependently through PKA, ERK, and PI3K/Akt activation. The level of cAMP was also increased by BV treatment. Moreover, BV induced melanogenesis through increased tyrosinase expression. Furthermore, BV induced melanocyte dendricity and migration through PLA2 activation. Overall, in this study, we demonstrated that BV may have an effect on the melanocyte proliferation, melanogenesis, dendricity and migration through complex signaling pathways in vitro, responsible for the pigmentation. Thus, our study suggests a possibility that BV may be developed as a therapeutic drug for inducing repigmentation in vitiligo skin.

Lotus (Nelumbo nuficera) flower essential oil increased melanogenesis in normal human melanocytes

Songhee Jeon,Nan-Hyung Kim,Byung-Soo Koo,Ji-Young Kim,이애영 생화학분자생물학회 2009 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.41 No.7

In this study, the essential oil from lotus flower extract, including petals and stamens, was assessed with regard to its effects on melanogenesis in human melanocytes. The lotus flower essential oil was shown to stimulate melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner. The lotus flower essential oil induced the expression of tyrosinase, microphthalmia- associated transcription factor M (MITF-M), and tyrosinase-related proten-2 (TRP-2) proteins, but not tyrosinase mRNA. Moreover, it increased the phosphorylation of ERK and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). In order to verify the effective components of the lotus flower oil, its lipid composition was assessed. It was found to be comprised of palmitic acid methyl ester (22.66%), linoleic acid methyl ester (11.16%), palmitoleic acid methyl ester (7.55%) and linolenic acid methyl ester (5.16%). Among these components, palmitic acid methyl ester clearly induced melanogenesis as the result of increased tyrosinase expression, thereby indicating that it may play a role in the regulation of melanin content. Thus, our results indicate that lotus flower oil may prove useful in the development of gray hair prevention agents or tanning reagents. In this study, the essential oil from lotus flower extract, including petals and stamens, was assessed with regard to its effects on melanogenesis in human melanocytes. The lotus flower essential oil was shown to stimulate melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner. The lotus flower essential oil induced the expression of tyrosinase, microphthalmia- associated transcription factor M (MITF-M), and tyrosinase-related proten-2 (TRP-2) proteins, but not tyrosinase mRNA. Moreover, it increased the phosphorylation of ERK and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). In order to verify the effective components of the lotus flower oil, its lipid composition was assessed. It was found to be comprised of palmitic acid methyl ester (22.66%), linoleic acid methyl ester (11.16%), palmitoleic acid methyl ester (7.55%) and linolenic acid methyl ester (5.16%). Among these components, palmitic acid methyl ester clearly induced melanogenesis as the result of increased tyrosinase expression, thereby indicating that it may play a role in the regulation of melanin content. Thus, our results indicate that lotus flower oil may prove useful in the development of gray hair prevention agents or tanning reagents.

Crystal Structure of the Regulatory Domain of MexT, a Transcriptional Activator of the MexEF-OprN Efflux Pump in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Kim, Suhyeon,Kim, Songhee H.,Ahn, Jinsook,Jo, Inseong,Lee, Zee-Won,Choi, Sang Ho,Ha, Nam-Chul Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2019 Molecules and cells Vol.42 No.12

The Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, has multiple multidrug efflux pumps. MexT, a LysR-type transcriptional regulator, functions as a transcriptional activator of the MexEF-OprN efflux system. MexT consists of an N-terminal DNA-binding domain and a C-terminal regulatory domain (RD). Little is known regarding MexT ligands and its mechanism of activation. We elucidated the crystal structure of the MexT RD at 2.0 Å resolution. The structure comprised two protomer chains in a dimeric arrangement. MexT possessed an arginine-rich region and a hydrophobic patch lined by a variable loop, both of which are putative ligand-binding sites. The three-dimensional structure of MexT provided clues to the interacting ligand structure. A DNase I footprinting assay of full-length MexT identified two MexT-binding sequence in the mexEF-oprN promoter. Our findings enhance the understanding of the regulation of MexT-dependent activation of efflux pumps.

Do Cardiac Rehabilitation Affect Clinical Prognoses Such as Recurrence, Readmission, Revascularization, and Mortality After AMI?: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Chul Kim,Insun Choi,Songhee Cho,Ae Ryoung Kim,Wonseok Kim,Sungju Jee 대한재활의학회 2021 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.45 No.1

Objective We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyze the effects of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on post-discharge prognoses of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods A literature search was conducted through four international medical and two Korean databases. Primary outcomes for the effectiveness of CR included all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, recurrence, revascularization, major adverse cardiovascular event, major adverse cardiocerebrovascular event, and readmission. We summarized and analyzed results of studies about CR for AMI, including not only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) but also non-RCTs. We calculated the effect size separately by the study type. Results Fourteen articles were finally selected. Of these, two articles were RCTs, while 12 were non-RCTs. In RCTs, the overall mortality rate was lower in the group that participated in CR than that in the conventional care group by 28% (relative risk=0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.34–1.57). Among non-RCTs, CR participation significantly decreased the overall risk of mortality. Moreover, the rates of recurrence and major adverse cardiovascular events were lower in the group that participated in CR compared to those in the non-CR group. Conclusion The meta-analysis shows that CR reduces the risk of re-hospitalization and all-cause mortality after AMI, compared to no participation in CR. This outcome was seen in RCTs as well as in non-RCTs. More studies are necessary for concrete conclusions about the beneficial effects of CR after AMI in various settings.