철도교통소음의 수평·수직적 전달 및 감쇠 특성

최형일,정원삼,김난희,강영주,위환 조선대학교 환경공해연구소 2006 環境公害硏究 Vol.19 No.1

This study has been conducted to achieve the following objectives: First, in order to understand the horizontal propagation and attenuation characteristics for the railroad traffic noise, we selected actively developed areas within 100 meters away from the road to measure the level of traffic noise near a road. To measure the noise near a railroad, we selected areas within 100 meters away from the railroad and then selected Saemaul-ho and Mugoongwha-ho as the subjects for our experiment, In this way, we analyzed the horizontal propagation and attenuation characteristics for the traffic noise occurring in diversified areas. Second, in order to understand the vertical propagation and attenuation characteristics for the railroad traffic noise, we measured and analyzed the distributional characteristics of vertical sound pressure levels on each floor of multi-storied apartment buildings according to changes of traffic load and types, and the existence or nonexistence of soundproof walls. For the case of the railroad traffic noise, we also selected Samaul-ho and Mugoongwha-ho as the subjects for our experiment, and we measured and analyzed the different noise levels on each floor of multi-storied apartment buildings from the soundproof wall. The results of Horizontal propagation and attenuation characteristics for the railroad traffic noise are as follows: In cases of the flat land, cutting land, and bridge area, as distance increases, the sound pressure level steadily decreases. The cutting land has an especially high distance decrease compared to the other areas, and the sound pressure level for the bridge area is higher than that of the flat land with a measurement of 9.7~17.5㏈(A). Vertical propagation and attenuation characteristics for the railroad traffic noise are as follows: The amount of sound pressure level decrease is 13.9~15.4㏈(A) for Samaul-ho and 10.9~11.5㏈(A) for Mugoongwha-ho when measuring the vertical sound pressure levels at heights lower than 4.5m, which indicates a fairly large decrease. At 6m, the amount of decrease is 7.3㏈(A) for Samaul-ho and 5.0㏈(A) for Mugoongwha-ho, which indicates a small decrease.

사격장 소음에 관한 연구

최형일,정경훈,정원삼,박싱일,김난희 조선대학교 환경공해연구소 2006 環境公害硏究 Vol.19 No.1

These days, the way of life and peoples' values have been changing in a developing society. The noise pollution in residential areas is a serious problem caused by the drift of population to cities, increased density, and heavy traffic. The firing ranges, which were built 20 or 30 years ago, are required facilities but are threatening to people. They are a source of anxiety as they jeopardize the residents' safety and destroy their living. Because of this, problems arise often. To reduce the problems between the residents and the military, the sound level around the firing range, the location of the range, and training times are investigated as the following 1. When a howitwer is fired, if there is no obstacle, at distances of 70m and 120m, the equivalent noise level is +116㏈(A)Leq and 98.6㏈(A)Leq, respectively. When the distance is 120m, the maximum sound pressure level is 123㏈(A)Leq for a period of one second. 2. When a 105mm howitwer is fired, if there is a hill as a natural sound barrier and the distance between the firing location and the target location is far more than 900m. the equivalent sound level is below 62㏈(A)Leq. 3. Upon firing, the sound pressure levels have equal range. The sound level is higher at 500Hz and lOOOHz. 4. The sound pressure level of the noise of explosive sound decreases between the shooting point and the target point. At distances of lOOOm, 1400m, and 1450m, the equivalent sound levels are 86.2㏈(A)Leq, 85.4㏈(A)Leq and 84.2㏈(A)Leq each, and the highest sound pressure levels are 121.4㏈(A)Leq, 116㏈(A)Leq and 114.3㏈(A)Leq for one second. 5. The explosive sound at the target point is similar to the noise at the firing point. The sound pressure level also has an equal range. Also. the sound level is higher at 500Hz and 1OOOHz than the others.

월출산국립공원 수질특성에 관한 연구

최형일,김난희,강영주,채희정,김연풍,조도호,설동화 조선대학교 환경공해연구소 2007 環境公害硏究 Vol.20 No.1

Because mountain streams have narrow widths and steep slopes compared to streams and lakes, hours of immobility are considerably short, and the quality of mountain streams has been greatly influenced by rainfall, land-use, components of the streambed and types of forests. During the summer when heavy rainfall occurs, eroded earth and sand flow into mountain streams and cause temporarily high turbidity. It is also the cause of eutrophication, which is frequently found in downstream. As evaluation standards for the quality of mountain streams were not established in Korea, this quality was evaluated by examining some items based on quality standards for drinkable water and research on the influences of pollution in mountain streams, which showed that these were seldom in downstream water systems. Mountain streams within Wolchulsan National Park flow into a reservoir and when characteristics of mountain streams from forests and rainfall that flow into mountain streams through forest ecosystems were studied, results of measuring its changes are as follows. Monthly changes of pH were low between April and August and higher starting October, and the EC was measured higher in the winter and the spring and tended to be low starting April. The EC on the 19th of May and the 23rd of October and the concentration of floating materials and COD_(Mn) were observed to be higher due to the influence of rainfall on the 19th of May and the 22nd of October, and it was judged that the washing out of dried deposits attached to the water pipe and the leaching of woods were influenced by rainfall. It is considered that real-time monitoring of water quality for a long time and water quality conditions during and after rainfall should be examined for ensuring basic data of water quality and evaluating characteristics and seasonableness of mountain streams, which may be greatly changed by artificial influence in the future.

All-optical image switching in a double-λ system.

Kim, Bongjune,Oh, Cha-Hwan,Sohn, Byoung-uk,Ko, Do-Kyeong,Kim, Hyung Tak,Jung, Changsoo,Oh, Myoung-Kyu,Yu, Nan Ei,Kim, Bok Hyeon,Kang, Hoonsoo Optical Society of America 2013 Optics express Vol.21 No.12

<P>The coherent control of optical images has garnered attention because all information embedded in optical images is expected to be controlled in a parallel way. One of the most important control processes is switch for information delivery. We experimentally demonstrated phase-controlled optical image switching in a double-λ system where the transmission of the image through a medium was switched. Two independent laser sources were adopted for a double-λ system such that images inscribed in two weak probe light beams were incoherent with each other. Arbitrary phase was added to the optical images to show that switching could be accomplished just with the relative phase difference between the probe pixels.</P>

Cadherin 11, a miR-675 Target, Induces N-Cadherin Expression and Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Melasma

Kim, Nan-Hyung,Choi, Soo-Hyun,Lee, Tae Ryong,Lee, Chang-Hoon,Lee, Ai-Young The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc 2014 The Journal of investigative dermatology Vol.134 No.12

Cadherin 11 (CDH11) was identified as a target of miR-675 by using a luciferase reporter assay. CDH11 expression and miR-675 expression were inversely correlated. CDH11 expression was not detected in melanocytes, but CDH11 expression in fibroblasts and keratinocytes positively influenced melanogenesis via the canonical Wnt and AKT activation pathways in cocultured melanocytes. CDH11 in fibroblasts or keratinocytes induced N-cadherin and Twist1 expression, while decreasing E-cadherin expression. This suggests a role for CDH11 in epithelial–mesenchymal transition. CDH11 in fibroblasts also induced the migration of cocultured melanocytes. N-cadherin knockdown abolished the tyrosinase expression that was induced in CDH11-overexpressing fibroblasts. Collectively, our data indicate that CDH11 in fibroblasts and keratinocytes is a target of miR-675, and could be involved in melanogenesis through the induction of N-cadherin during epithelial–mesenchymal transition.

약용식물 추출물의 항알레르기 효과 스크리닝

Nan Sol Kim,Jeong Hoon Lee,Dae Young Lee,Jehun Choi,Hyung Don Kim,Geum Soog Kim,Hye Gwang Jeong,Seung Eun Lee 한국약용작물학회 2016 한국약용작물학술대회 발표집 Vol.2016 No.10

Background : Allergy is a common disease caused by type I hypersensitivity reaction of the immune system. Unfortunately, there is no proper treatment for allergy. Therefore, the discovery of therapeutic drugs for allergy is essential. In this study, the crude extracts of 56 plant parts were screened for anti-allergy effects in RBL-2H3 cells. Methods and Results : IgE-sensitized RBL-2H3 cells were individually treated with 56 extracts of medicinal herbs at the final concentration of 20 ㎍/㎖ and stimulated with the antigen DNP-BSA. β-Hexosaminidase release, interleukin-4 (IL-4) secretion, and cell viability in the sample treated cells were measured. Among the tested samples, extracts from the root of Polygonatum stenophyllum Maxim., aerial part of Acer triflorum Kom., and leaf of Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta (Makino) Nakai showed inhibitory effects on β-hexosaminidase release. The aerial part of Peucedanum japonicum Thunberg and seed of Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. showed suppressive activities on IL-4 secretion. All of the extracts were not cytotoxic at the tested concentration. Conclusion : From the result, six extracts including Polygonatum stenophyllum Maxim. (root) and Acer triflorum Kom. (aerial part) inhibited both β-hexosaminidase release and IL-4 secretion in IgE-sensitized RBL-2H3 cells. The use of these extracts for developing anti-allergy materials is suggested.

Invited Paper Session 1 (IPS 1) : Role of miR-675 target, cadherin 11 in melasma: N-cadherin expression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition

( Nan Hyung Kim ),( Soo Hyun Choi ),( Tae Ryong Lee ),( Chang Hoon Lee ),( Ai Young Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2014 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.66 No.2

Background: H19 RNA downregulation stimulates melanogenesis and melanosome transfer in melasma patients. Because H19 is a non-coding RNA, role of a H19 microRNA, miR-675, in melanogenesis was identified. Objectives: Here, we examined target of miR-675 with its action mechanism in the pigmentation. Methods: A luciferase reporter assay, Western blot analysis, real time-PCR, immunoprecipitation, and immunohistochemistry with and without miR-675 overexpression or knockdown. Results: Cadherin 11 (CDH11) was identified as a target of miR-675. CDH11 expression and miR-675 expression were inversely correlated. CDH11 expression was not detected in melanocytes, but CDH11 expression in fibroblasts and keratinocytes positively influenced melanogenesis via the canonical Wnt and AKT activation pathways in cocultured melanocytes. CDH11 in fibroblasts or keratinocytes induced N-cadherin and Twist1 expression, while decreasing E-cadherin expression. This suggests a role for CDH11 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. CDH11 in fibroblasts also induced the migration of cocultured melanocytes. N-cadherin knockdown abolished the tyrosinase expression that was induced inCDH11-overexpressing fibroblasts. Conclusion: Collectively, our data indicate that CDH11 in fibroblasts and keratinocytes is a target of miR-675, and could be involved in melanogenesis through the induction of N-cadherin during epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

PDZK1 Upregulation in Estrogen-Related Hyperpigmentation in Melasma

Kim, Nan-Hyung,Cheong, Kyung Ah,Lee, Tae Ryong,Lee, Ai-Young The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc 2012 The Journal of investigative dermatology Vol.132 No.11

The pathogenesis of melasma is unknown, although the potential role of estrogen has been considered. Microarray and real-time PCR analyses revealed that upregulation of PDZ domain protein kidney 1 (PDZK1) is clinically correlated with melasma. Although there has been no report that PDZK1 is involved in pigmentation and/or melanogenesis, PDZK1 expression can be induced by estrogen. In this study, the role of PDZK1 upregulation in melasma was examined, particularly in connection with estrogen, using biopsied skin specimens from 15 patients and monocultures and cocultures of melanocytes and keratinocytes with or without overexpression or knockdown of PDZK1. Estrogen upregulated PDZK1. Overexpression of PDZK1 increased tyrosinase expression and melanosome transfer to keratinocytes, whereas PDZK1 knockdown reduced estrogen-induced tyrosinase expression, through regulation of expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) ER-α and ER-β. The PDZK1-induced tyrosinase expression and melanosome transfer was regulated by ion transporters such as sodium–hydrogen exchanger (NHE), cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), and SLC26A3, which showed a specific association with each ER subtype. In the melanosome transfer, PDZK1 also increased phosphorylation of ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) and ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1, but not the expression of proteinase-activated receptor-2. Collectively, upregulation of PDZK1 could have an important role in the development of melasma in connection with estrogen through NHE, CFTR, and SLC26A3.

Growth Factors Upregulated by Uric Acid Affect Guanine Deaminase-Induced Melanogenesis

Kim Nan-Hyung,Lee Ai-Young 한국응용약물학회 2023 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.31 No.1

Uric acid produced by guanine deaminase (GDA) is involved in photoaging and hyperpigmentation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by uric acid plays a role in photoaging. However, the mechanism by which uric acid stimulates melanogenesis in GDA-overexpressing keratinocytes is unclear. Keratinocyte-derived paracrine factors have been identified as important mechanisms of ultraviolet-induced melanogenesis. Therefore, the role of paracrine melanogenic growth factors in GDA-induced hypermelanosis mediated by uric acid was examined. The relationships between ROS and these growth factors were examined. Primary cultured normal keratinocytes overexpressed with wild type or mutant GDA and those treated with xanthine or uric acid in the presence or absence of allopurinol, H2O2, or N-acetylcysteine (NAC) were used in this study. Intracellular and extracellular bFGF and SCF levels were increased in keratinocytes by wild type, but not by loss-of-function mutants of GDA overexpression. Culture supernatants from GDA-overexpressing keratinocytes stimulated melanogenesis, which was restored by anti-bFGF and anti-SCF antibodies. Allopurinol treatment reduced the expression levels of bFGF and SCF in both GDA-overexpressing and normal keratinocytes exposed to exogenous xanthine; the exogenous uric acid increased their expression levels. H2O2-stimulated tyrosinase expression and melanogenesis were restored by NAC pretreatment. However, H2O2 or NAC did not upregulate or downregulate bFGF or SCF, respectively. Overall, uric acid could be involved in melanogenesis induced by GDA overexpression in keratinocytes via bFGF and SCF upregulation not via ROS generation.

Reduced MiR-675 in Exosome in H19 RNA-Related Melanogenesis via MITF as a Direct Target

Kim, Nan-Hyung,Choi, Soo-Hyun,Kim, Chang-Hyun,Lee, Chang Hoon,Lee, Tae Ryong,Lee, Ai-Young The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc 2014 The Journal of investigative dermatology Vol.134 No.4

H19 non-coding RNA downregulation stimulates melanogenesis in melasma patients. However, its mechanism is unclear. In this study, the potential role of a H19 microRNA, miR-675, in melanogenesis was examined. Real-time PCR using cultured normal human skin keratinocytes, melanocytes, and fibroblasts with or without H19 knockdown showed accompanying changes between expression levels of H19 and those of miR-675 in keratinocytes. MiR-675 was also detected in concentrated culture supernatants and showed expression levels parallel with those of cell lysates. In addition to RNase resistance, FACS analysis showed anti-CD63-positive exosomes in culture supernatants, suggesting miR-675 could be released extracellularly and delivered to neighboring cells without degradation. In western blot analysis, the miR-675 mimic reduced the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and phosphorylation of cAMP-responsive element-binding protein, extracellular signal–regulated kinase and apoptosis signal–regulating kinase, whereas these expressions were increased by the miR-675 inhibitor. Although H19 was not a miR-675 target, luciferase reporter assay showed a direct binding of miR-675 to 3′-untranslated region of MITF. In addition, localized in vivo miR-675 overexpression in mouse using a cationic polymer transfection reagent showed reduced mRNA expression levels of MITF, tyrosinase, tyrosine-related protein-1 (Trp-1), and Trp-2. Collectively, the results suggest that miR-675 derived from keratinocytes could be involved in H19-stimulated melanogenesis using MITF as a target of miR-675.