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Son, Sohee,Chae, Su Young,Nah, Jae-Woon 한국공업화학회 2004 응용화학 Vol.8 No.2
To develop efficient gene carrier, chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs) were chemically modified with hydrophobic moiety of deoxycholic acid (DOCA). The physicochemical properties of the hydrophobized COSs (COSDs) were investigated by using dynamic light scattering and fluorescence spectroscopy. COSDs formed nano-sized particles in aqueous milieu by hydrophobic interaction of conjugated DOCA. The MW of COS and degree of substitution (DS) were played critical roles for the physicochemical characteristics of COSD nanoparticles. Than COSDs were complexed with DNA, and COSD/DNA complexes were characterized. Compared to the unmodified COSs, the COSDs efficiently condensed DNA and protected the condensed DNA from DNase I attack. Furthermore, the COSDs/DNA complexes showed about 5 times enhanced transfection efficiencies than unmodified COSs. Therefore, hydrophobized chitosan nanoparticles has much potential for efficient gene carrier.
Preparation and characterization of chitosan-cholesterol nanoparticle
Son, Sohee,Chae, Su Young,Jang, Mi-kyeong,Nah, Jae-Woon 한국공업화학회 2004 응용화학 Vol.8 No.1
Low molecular weight oligo-chitosans were chemically modified by hydrophobic group of cholesterol. The particle size and critical aggregation concentration (cac) of the hydrophobized chitosan nanoparticles were investigated by using dynamic light scattering and fluorescence spectroscopy, respectively. The MW of chitosan and DS were played a critical roles for the physicochemical characteristics of hydrophobized chitosan nanoparticles.
Son, Sohee,Lim, Sung Mook,Chae, Su Young,Kim, Kwangmeyung,Park, Eun Ji,Lee, Kang Choon,Na, Dong Hee Elsevier 2015 International journal of pharmaceutics Vol.495 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Hydrophobically modified glycol chitosan (HGC) nanoparticles loaded with mono-lithocholic acid-conjugated exendin-4 at the Lys<SUP>27</SUP> residue (LAM1-Ex4) were prepared and characterized by particle size measurement, proteolytic stability, <I>in vitro</I> drug-release profile, and <I>in vivo</I> antidiabetic effects in a db/db diabetic mouse model. Compared with Ex-4-loaded HGC nanoparticles (Ex4/HGC NPs) prepared as a control, LAM1-Ex4-loaded HGC nanoparticles (LAM1-Ex4/HGC NPs) showed improved drug-loading efficiency, small particle size, enhanced resistance against proteolytic digestion, and an extended <I>in vitro</I> drug release profile. These findings may be attributable to the strong hydrophobic interaction between LAM1-Ex4 and the inner core of HGC. Furthermore, LAM1-Ex4/HGC NPs showed prolonged hypoglycemic efficacy in db/db mice, lasting 1 week after a single subcutaneous administration. The present study demonstrated that LAM1-Ex4/HGC NPs have considerable potential as a long-acting sustained-release antidiabetic system for type 2 diabetes.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Preparation of a Hydrophobized Chitosan Oligosaccharide for Application as an Efficient Gene Carrier
Son Sohee,Chae Su Young,Choi Changyong,Kim Myung-Yul,Ngugen Vu Giang,Jang Mi-Kyeong,Nah Jae-Woon,Kweon Jung Keoo The Polymer Society of Korea 2004 Macromolecular Research Vol.12 No.6
To prepare chitosan-based polymeric amphiphiles that can form nanosized core-shell structures (nanoparticles) in aqueous milieu, chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs) were modified chemically with hydrophobic cholesterol groups. The physicochemical properties of the hydrophobized COSs (COSCs) were investigated by using dynamic light scattering and fluorescence spectroscopy. The feasibility of applying the COSCs to biomedical applications was investigated by introducing them into a gene delivery system. The COSCs formed nanosized self-aggregates in aqueous environments. Furthermore, the physicochemical properties of the COSC nanoparticles were closely related to the molecular weights of the COSs and the number of hydrophobic groups per COS chain. The critical aggregation concentration values decreased upon increasing the hydrophobicity of the COSCs. The COSCs efficiently condensed plasmid DNA into nanosized ion-complexes, in contrast to the effect of the unmodified COSs. An investigation of gene condensation, performed using a gel retardation assay, revealed that $COS6(M_n=6,040 Da)$ containing $5\%$ of cholesteryl chloroformate (COS6C5) formed a stable DNA complex at a COS6C5/DNA weight ratio of 2. In contrast, COS6, the unmodified COS, failed to form a stable COS/DNA complex even at an elevated weight ratio of 8. Furthermore, the COS6C5/DNA complex enhanced the in vitro transfection efficiency on Human embryonic kidney 293 cells by over 100 and 3 times those of COS6 and poly(L-lysine), respectively. Therefore, hydrophobized chitosan oligosaccharide can be considered as an efficient gene carrier for gene delivery systems.
Son, Sohee,Kang, Ji-Man,Hahn, Younsoo,Ahn, Kangmo,Kim, Yae-Jean The Korean Pediatric Society 2021 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.64 No.4
There are very scant data on the epidemiology of primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) in Korea. Here we attempted to estimate the PID epidemiology and disease burden in Korea. A systematic review was performed of studies retrieved from the PubMed, KoreaMed, and Google Scholar databases. Studies on PIDs published in Korean or English between January 2001 and November 2018 were analyzed. The number of PID patients and the healthcare costs were estimated from Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) Korea data for 2017. A total of 398 PID patients were identified from 101 reports. Immunodeficiencies affecting cellular and humoral immunity were reported in 11 patients, combined immunodeficiency with associated or syndromic features in 40, predominantly antibody deficiencies in 144, diseases of immune dysregulation in 58, congenital defects of phagocytes in 104, defects in the intrinsic and innate immunity in 1, auto-inflammatory disorders in 4, complement deficiencies in 36, and phenocopies of PID in none. From the HIRA reimbursement data, a total of 1,162 outpatients and 306 inpatients were treated for 8,166 and 6,149 days, respectively. In addition, reimbursement was requested for 8,200 outpatient and 1,090 inpatient cases and $1,924,000 and $4,715,000 were reimbursed in 2017, respectively. This study systematically reviewed published studies on PID and analyzed the national open data system of the HIRA to estimate the disease burden of PID, for the first time in Korea.