Preliminary Guidelines for the Clinical Evaluation and Management of Long COVID

Kim Yoonjung,Kim Seong Eun,Kim Tark,Yun Ki Wook,Lee So Hee,Lee Eunjung,Seo Jun-Won,Jung Young Hee,Chong Yong Pil 대한감염학회 2022 Infection and Chemotherapy Vol.54 No.3

Long-lasting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms beyond 12 weeks, the so-called ‘long COVID’ have been increasingly reported worldwide. Long COVID can be manifested in various forms, and there is an increasing demand for proper assessment and management. However, it is challenging when trying to determine the best-practice standards of care based on the current evidence because there is no internationally agreed clinical definition or clear treatment pathway. Therefore, the present guidelines have been drafted to provide advice on diagnosis and management based on the latest updated available evidence and the consensus of expert opinion. So far, no standard test and drug treatment can be strongly recommended for patients with long COVID because of a lack of evidence. The present guidelines provide advice based on 12 key questions, including appropriate interventions for long COVID that can be used in clinical practice. Continuous careful observation and studies related to long COVID are needed for the long-term impact of COVID-19 and proper management for long COVID to be determined.

Blue Phosphorescence with High Quantum Efficiency Engaging the Trifluoromethylsulfonyl Group to Iridium Phenylpyridine Complexes

Kim, Jin-Hyoung,Kim, So-Yoen,Jang, Seol,Yi, Seungjun,Cho, Dae Won,Son, Ho-Jin,Kang, Sang Ook American Chemical Society 2019 Inorganic Chemistry Vol.58 No.23

<P>Incorporation of an electron-withdrawing −SO<SUB>2</SUB>CF<SUB>3</SUB> substituent to cyclometalating C^N-phenylpyridine (ppy) ligand resulted in an expected blue-shifted phosphorescence in the corresponding homoleptic <B>Ir(ppySCF</B><SUB><B>3</B></SUB><B>)</B><SUB><B>3</B></SUB> complex, showing the emission of λ<SUB>em</SUB> = 464 nm at 300 K. One of its heteroleptic derivatives, modified by a pyrazolyl borate LX ligand, <B>Ir(ppySCF</B><SUB><B>3</B></SUB><B>)</B><SUB><B>2</B></SUB><B>(bor)</B>, exhibited further blue-shifted phosphorescence of λ<SUB>em</SUB> = 460 nm at 300 K. Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations supported the efficacy of the electron-withdrawing capability of the SO<SUB>2</SUB>CF<SUB>3</SUB> substituent lowering HOMO energy and obtained widened bandgaps and resumed blue emissions for all of the iridium complexes studied. The homoleptic complexes of both substituents, <B>Ir(ppySCF</B><SUB><B>3</B></SUB><B>)</B><SUB><B>3</B></SUB> and <B>Ir(ppySF)</B><SUB><B>3</B></SUB>, reached the higher quantum yields (<I>Φ</I><SUB>PL</SUB>) of (0.89 and 0.72), respectively. Similarly, emission quantum yields (<I>Φ</I><SUB>PL</SUB>) of the heteroleptic derivatives were reported to be (0.75, 0.83, and 0.87) for <B>Ir(ppySCF</B><SUB><B>3</B></SUB><B>)</B><SUB><B>2</B></SUB><B>(acac)</B>, <B>Ir(ppySCF</B><SUB><B>3</B></SUB><B>)</B><SUB><B>2</B></SUB><B>(bor)</B>, and <B>Ir(ppySCF</B><SUB><B>3</B></SUB><B>)</B><SUB><B>2</B></SUB><B>(pic)</B>, respectively. Emission kinetics support the enhanced quantum efficiency when <I>k</I><SUB>r</SUB> and <I>k</I><SUB>nr</SUB> values are compared between <B>Ir(ppySCF</B><SUB><B>3</B></SUB><B>)</B><SUB><B>3</B></SUB> and <B>Ir(ppySF)</B><SUB><B>3</B></SUB>, and both values favorably contribute to attaining a higher quantum efficiency for <B>Ir(ppySCF</B><SUB><B>3</B></SUB><B>)</B><SUB><B>3</B></SUB>. Among solution-processed multilayered devices having an ITO/PEDOT:PSS/TCTA:Ir dopant (10:1, <I>w</I>/<I>w</I>)/TmPyPB/Liq/Al structure, a heteroleptic dopant, <B>Ir(ppySCF</B><SUB><B>3</B></SUB><B>)</B><SUB><B>2</B></SUB><B>(bor)</B>, exhibited better device performance, reporting an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 1.14%, current efficiency (CE) of 2.31 cd A<SUP>-1</SUP>, and power efficiency (PE) of 1.21 lm W<SUP>-1</SUP>, together with blue chromaticity of CIE<SUB>x,y</SUB> = (0.16, 0.32).</P><P>Blue phosphorescence of Ir(III) complexes can be tuned with the introducing of strong electron withdrawing substituents and the variation in the ancillary ligands.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

간세포암환자에서 간동맥 화학 색전술 후 발생한 리피오돌에 의한 폐렴 1예

김소이,김유리,허현미,배서은,이명원,최윤정,김고흔,김태헌,유 권,문일환 이화여자대학교 의과대학 2009 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.32 No.2

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of common causes of cancer-related death in Korea where the majority of HCC patients were Hepaitc B virus(HBV)carriers and have cirrhosis. Transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)is commonly applied to the treatment of multinodular HCC in Korea and careful selection of candidate is important for the risk of various side effects. Besides common side effects as fever, nausea, abdominal pain and elevation of liver enzyme, TACE may predispose to hepatic failure, ischemic cholecystitis, pulmonary embolism, cerebral embolism and pneumonitis. In previous studies, some cases of pulmonary and cerebral embolism cases were reported but lipiodol pneumonitis after TACE was rarely reported. A 65-year-old woman with a multinodular HCC associated with HBV infection, was treated with TACE. Seven days after the procedure, nonspecific respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea and dry cough developed. Chest X-ray and chest computed tomography showed diffuse ground glass opacities in whole lung fields, suggestive of lipiodol pneumonitis. After several days of supportive care with steroid administration, radiologic abnormalities and subjective symptoms were much improved, considered that the disease was compatible with lipiodol pneumonitis.

국내 정형외과 의료소송 현황 파악

이원(Won Lee),이미진(Mi Jin Lee),김용민(Yong Min Kim),우찬명(Chan Myung Woo),김소윤(So Yoon Kim),김양수(Yang-Soo Kim) 대한정형외과학회 2016 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.51 No.3

목적: 국내 정형외과 관련 의료소송 판결문의 분석을 통하여 정형외과 의료소송의 현황과 원인이 된 과정을 파악하고자 함이다. 대상 및 방법: 소송시작이 2005년부터 2010년인 정형외과 의료소송 판결문 341건을 대상으로 하여 빈도분석을 실시하였다. 결과: 사건 발생 시점에서 소송 종결 시점까지의 평균 소요기간은 4.22년이었다. 의료소송의 원인이 된 과정은 수술이 46.3%였고, 수술의 종류는 척추 수술이 가장 많았다. 사고의 결과는 장애가 가장 많았고, 최종심 결과는 원고일부승이 40.5%, 원고패(기각)가 34.3%였다. 감염은 전체 중 26.1%에서 발생하였고, 손해배상 청구금액은 평균 181,998,036원이었으며 인용금액은 평균 58,897,161원이었다. 결론: 정형외과 의료소송으로 이어진 의료사고의 주요 원인 과정은 수술이 가장 많았고, 그 중에서도 척추 수술이 가장 많았다. 추후 의료사고의 근본 원인분석을 통해 의료사고를 줄이고 재발을 방지하기 위한 후속 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다. Purpose: Through the analysis of orthopedics lawsuit rulings, the purpose of this study is to understand the current trends of medical lawsuits in orthopedics in Korea. Materials and Methods: An analysis of medical lawsuits in orthopedics was conducted. As the study method, a quantitative analysis was performed on 341 cases. Results: The average period of lawsuits, from the occurrence of the medical accident to end of the ruling, took an average of 4.22 years. The most frequent procedure that was the main cause of the medical accidents was surgery, at 46.3%. When surgery is the main procedure that caused the medical accidents, the result of examining the types of surgeries showed that spine surgery had the highest percentage. For the outcome of the accident, the highest number of cases resulted in disability and for the final court outcome, 40.5% ruled partially in favor of the plaintiff (the patient) with acknowledgement of only the damage incurred due to medical error of the total sum claimed, and dismissal of the claim made by the plaintiff (patient) accounted for 34.3%; 26.1% of cases develop infection. For the amount of claim for damage, the average amount of claim was 181,998,036 won; in the judgement amount, the average amount of judgement was 58,897,161 won. Conclusion: The most frequent procedure in orthopedics was surgery and spine surgery comprised a large proportion of these surgeries. Future studies to determine root causes of medical accidents should be conducted to reduce medical lawsuits and to plan against the repeating of medical accidents.

중년기,노년기 여성들의 경험적 성생활에 관한 질적연구

이소원 ( So Won Lee ),김찬우 ( Chan Woo Kim ) 한국사회복지연구회 2015 사회복지연구 Vol.46 No.2

본 연구는 기존 연구들이 성을 기능중심 관점에서 해석함에 따라 세대 간 성인식 분절화 현상을 심화시켜왔다는 문제의식에서 비롯되었다. 따라서 세대 통합적 맥락에서 중년기와 노년기 여성들이 성을 어떻게 인식하고 있는지를 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 중년기와 노년기에 속한 여성 12명을 대상으로 심층인터뷰를 실시하였으며, 질적분석방법을 통해 두세대 간 성생활 인식을 비교하였다. 연구결과 ‘학습되지 않은 성’, ‘소통의 시공간’, 성 주체간의 역동성,성생활 지속성과 관련한 삶의 경험 , 타 세대에 대한 성인식..과 같은 5개의 상위범주가 도출되었고, 각 상위범주 별 성인식의 공통점과 차이점을 발견할 수 있었다. 첫째, 공통점으로는 성생활의 첫 경험과 관련하여 생소한 경험, 당황스러움과 쾌감이 공존한다는 것, 또한 성생활을 소통의 시공간으로 인식한다는 점이다. 둘째, 세대 간 차이점으로는 중년기 여성들은 성적 욕구를 표현하고 거부할 수 있는 권리가 있음을 강조하고, 노년기 여성들은 자신의 욕구를 표현하기 어려우며 배우자의 욕구에 순응할 의무가 있다고 보았다. 셋째, 성생활 지속성과 관련한 삶의 경험으로는 중년기는 경제적 안정을 우선시하였고, 노년기는 배우자의 건강상태를 제시하였다. 마지막으로 중년기는 타 세대의 성에 대한시각이 차이가 있고, 노년기는 성이 전 세대를 아우르는 삶의 이야기라는 점을 강조하고 있었다. 이러한 연구결과는 중년기와 노년기 여성의 성적 웰빙(sexual well-being) 관련 담론을 사회복지실천에 적용할 수 있는 근거가 될 수 있다고 하겠다. The purpose of this study is to analyze perceptions on the sexual relationship of middle-aged and elderly women. Though sex has been a critical theme of human-beings over their whole lifetimes, the previous studies have distinguished sex of the aged from the one of the middle-aged by focusing mainly on the physical aspects of sexual functioning. Viewing sex as a lifetime issue, this study implemented the qualitative analysis through the in-depth retrospective interviews on 12 middle-aged or elderly women. From this analysis 5 key categories were founded including ‘uneducated sex’, ‘time and place of communication’, ‘dynamics between sex actors’, ‘sustainability of sex’, and ‘sexual perception toward other generations’. The study results are followed : First, for both aged-groups the first experience of sex was unnatural and unfamiliar experience but pleasurable, so-called ‘uneducated’. Second, Although both aged-groups perceived sex as ‘time and place of private communication with their partners, the middle-aged showed less reluctance to express their sexual desire and denial than elderly women. Third, the middle-aged women pointed economic security as the most significant factor of sustaining sexual relationship while the elderly mentioned healthy functioning. Lastly, the elderly viewed sex as a whole lifetime story. These findings provoke implications in providing relationship-based interventions to family welfare practice along with the recognition of lifetime approaches with regard to sex of women.

林地利用에 따른 溪流水의 水質變化

具瀟瑛,鄭源玉,金弘洙,朴晋源,麻鎬燮 경상대학교 농과대학 부속연습림 2001 演習林硏究報告 Vol.- No.11

Table 2. Evaluation of stream water quality in three stands by Drinking water quality standard <원문참조> 임지이용에 따른 수질변화 및 오염정도를 구명하여 향후 비점오염원 관리를 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 경남 진주시 정평리에 위치한 3개 임분(소나무, 밤나무Ⅰ, 반나무Ⅱ임분)에서 2000년 7월부터 9월까지 계류수의 수질변화를 분석하여 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 세 임분의 계류수 pH는 소나무 임분(pH6.59)>밤나무 Ⅱ임분(ph 6.53)>밤나무 Ⅰ임분(pH 6.47)계류수 순으로 나타났다. 2. 전기전도도는 밤나무 Ⅰ임분>소나무 임분>밤나무 Ⅱ임분 계류수의 순으로 높게 나타났다. 3. 양이온은 세 임분의 계류수 모두 Ca^2+, Na^+, Mg^2+, K^+, NH_^+의 순으로 높게 나타났다. 4. 음이온은 소나무 임분과 밤나무 Ⅱ임분 계류수에서는 SO_4^2, Cl, NO_3의 순으로 높게 나타났고, 밤나무 Ⅰ임분 계류수에서는 NO_3, SO_4^2, Cl 의 순으로 높게 나타나 차이를 보였다. 5. 소나무, 밤나무 Ⅱ임분 계류수는 pH, NH_4+, NO_3, Cl, SO_4^2이 먹는 물 수질기준 범위내에 있었다. 그러나 밤나무 Ⅰ임분 계류수에서 5항목 중 NO_3는 먹는 물 수질기준을 넘어서는 범위에 있어 임지이용에 따른 하류수질의 오염이 우려되었다. 따라서 이러한 상류지역에서 오염원 차단을 위한 수질정화시설 등의 대책이 마련되어야 할 것으로 사료된다. This study was carried out to clarify the change characteristics of stream water quality by land-use of forest from July to September, 2000 in three stands(Pinus densiflora, Castanea crenata(Ⅰ), Castanea crenata(Ⅱ) stand) of Jeongpyeong-ri, Jinju-si, Gyeongnam. The mean pH of rainfall results in acid rain of 5.3. The pH of stream water in three stands was hugh in order of Pinus densiflora (pH 6.59), Castanea crenata(Ⅱ)(pH 6.53) and Castanea crenata(Ⅰ) stand(pH 6.47). The electrical conductivity of stream water was high in order of Castanea crenata(Ⅰ), Pinus densiflora and Castanea crenata(Ⅱ) stand. Cations of three stand in stream water high in order of Ca^2+, Na^+, Mg^2+, K^+ and NH_4^+. But anions of stream water in Pinus densiflora stand and Castanea crenata(Ⅱ) stand were high in order of SO_4^2, Cl and NO_3. In Castanea crenata(Ⅰ) stand cations of stream water were high in order of NO_3, SO_^2 and Cl. The level of pH, NH_4^+, NO_3, Cl and SO_4^2 of stream water in Pinus densiflora stand and Castanea crenata(Ⅱ) stand reached within the level of domestic use standard for drinking water But the level of NO_3 of stream water in Castanea crenata(Ⅰ) stand was higher than that of domestic use standard. Therefore, non-point sources like forest watersheds which are fertilizer application lands should be taken to the appropriate mitigation measures.

Prevention of medical malpractice and disputes through analysis of lawsuits related to coronary angiography and intervention

Cheol Won Hyeon,Won Lee,So Yoon Kim,Ji Yong Park,Su Hwan Shin 대한내과학회 2020 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.35 No.3

Background/Aims: Possible fatal complications arising from coronary angiography (CAG), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and coronary artery disease itself, are likely to cause medical disputes. Presenting the current status and reasons for judgments given in lawsuits related to CAG/PCI, this study aimed to identify ways to prevent unnecessary disputes and medical malpractice suits related to CAG/PCI through lawsuit analysis. Methods: A total of 13 cases (20 judgments) found in the Supreme Court of Korea’s Written Judgment Management System from 1998 to 2017 were analyzed. Results: Coronary artery injury was the most common causative complication that led to lawsuits (n = 6, 46%). Six cases (46%) were ruled in favor of the plaintiff for violation of duty of care (n = 4) and duty of explanation (n = 2), respectively. Cases that violated duty of care included two errors in intra-procedure device manipulation, one in pre-procedure diagnosis, and one in management of post-procedure complication. Lack of explanation regarding the risk of complications was pointed out in both cases that violated duty of explanation. The average awarded amount for the damages was 114,436,064 Korean won. Conclusions: Physicians need not fear unfair judgments so long as they follow standard of care because the Court consistently looked at the probability, the foreseeability, and the evidence. Therefore, maintaining standard of care is important. Besides, specific, detailed, and comprehensible explanations, including the risk of complications in addition to the necessity of procedures, are important to ensure the patient clearly understands the possible risk of adverse outcomes.

전남 가거도의 식물상

윤경원 ( Kyeong Won Yun ),황용 ( Yong Hwang ),소순구 ( Soon Ku So ),김무열 ( Mu Yeol Kim ) 한국환경생태학회 2012 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.26 No.2

가거도는 전남 신안군 흑산면에 속하는 한국의 최서남단에 위치한 섬이다. 가거도의 관속식물은 93과 246속 289종7아종 36변종 9품종으로 총 341분류군으로 조사되었다. 열매가 노란색인 참식나무의 새로운 품종이 발견되어 노랑참식나무 Neolitsea sericea (Bl.) Koidz. for. koreana M. Kim 라고 명명하였다. 가거도의 특산식물은 흑산도비비추, 처진물봉선, 새끼노루귀, 개족도리풀 등 8종이 발견되었으며, 희귀 및 멸종위기식물은 박달목서와 으름난초 등 3종이 발견되었다. 식물지리학적으로 흥미있는 종은 푸른가막살, 가거꼬리고사리, 가거애기닥나무 등 9종이다. 귀화식물은 11종이며 귀화율은 3.2%이다. Vascular plants of Island Gageo in Jellonamdo were investigated 10 times from August, 2005 to August, 2011. In the result of survey, the flora of this island consists of 341 taxa totally; 93 families, 246 genera, 289 species, 7 subspecies, 36 varieties and 9 forms. Yellow-fruit bearing plants of Neolitsea sericea which were found in this island are newly named as Neolitsea sericea (Bl.) Koidz. for. koreana M. Kim. There were 8 Korean endemic plants such as Hosta yingeri, Impatiens furcillata, Saussurea pseudo-gracilis, etc. Also 3 Korean endangered species which is designating by Ministry of Environment such as Osmanthus insularis and Cyrtosia septentrionalis and 9 rare and remarkable species such as Viburnum japonicum, Asplenium yoshinagae, Broussonetia kazinoki for. koreana, etc. were found in this island. Furthermore, 11 taxa of naturalized plants (3.2%) were also observed in this island.

기단 역궤적분석에 의한 경주시 대기오염물질의 농도 변화

김경원(Kyung Won Kim),방소영(So Yung Bang),정종현(Jong Hyun Jung) 한국대기환경학회 2008 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.24 No.2

Gyeongju, which was the central city of the ancient civilization at Silla Kingdom, has various kinds of stone cultural properties. It is significantly important to preserve historical sources of Korea. However, recent air quality data measured in Gyeongju did not show good air quality level. In order to investigate variation of the concentration of the air pollutants with meteorological condition, an air quality monitoring and an aerosol sampling were conducted during the intensive monitoring period in Gyeongju. Impacts of the meteorological factors on the air pollutants were also analyzed based on the air mass pathway categories using HYSPLIT model and the local wind patterns using MM5 model. The prevailing air mass pathways were classified into four categories as following; category Ⅰ affected by easterly marine aerosols, category Ⅱ affected by northwesterly continental aerosols, category Ⅲ affected by southwesterly continental aerosols, and category Ⅳ affected by northerly continental aerosols. The concentrations of the air quality standards were relatively lower during the fall intensive monitoring period. At that time, the easterly marine air mass pattern was dominated. The seasonal average mass concentration of PM<SUB>10,Opt</SUB>, which optically measured at the monitoring site, was the highest value of 77.6±28.3 ㎍ m?³ during the spring intensive monitoring period but the lowest value of 20.1±5.3 ㎍ m?³ during the fall intensive monitoring period. The concentrations of SO₂ and CO were relatively higher when the air mass came from the northwestern continent or the northern continent. The concentrations of SO₄²? and NO₃? - increased under the northwesterly continental condition. It was estimated that the acidic aerosols were dominated in the atmosphere of Gyeongju when the air mass came from the continental regions.

추적조사를 중심으로 한 腰椎間板脫出症에 대한 蜈蚣藥鍼의 臨床的 硏究

최회강,소기숙,고강훈,박소영,김성남,이종덕,원경숙,문형철,김성철 大韓鍼灸學會 2003 대한침구의학회지 Vol.20 No.3

Objective : This study is performed for the purpose of examining the efficacy of the scolopendrid(Scolopendra morsitans L) which has been to low back pain as a folk remedy. Methods & Results : Seventy patints with H.I.V.D. treated with the scolopendrid aquacupuncture and examined 4 tests; D.I.T.I., physical test, Oswestry disability index, and self-conscious pain rate were studied. And we follow up after discharge, we evaluated the present state and recovery period. Or we evaluated by herniated type and duration of onset. There was 58~97% of efficacy rate in each tests. Moreover, statistically valuable change in all 7D.I.T.I. points and in disability index and in self-conscious pain rate was showed. Conclusion : The scolopendrid aquacupuncture is possible to be effective terating the H.I.V.D patients. so we suggest the possibility using this new remedy to the H.I.V.D. patients.