기업의 국제화와 신 정보통신기술의 역할: 중국 Haier 기업을 사례로

Shuguang Liu,Weidong Liu 대한지리학회 2003 대한지리학회지 Vol.38 No.3

신 정보통신기술(ICTs)이 기업의 비즈니스 처리방식을 변화시키고 있다는 점은 일반적으로 받아들여지고 있다. 예를 들어, 기업의 내부자원 관리의 효율성을 제고하기 위한 ERP(enterprise resources planning)와<br/> BPR(business process reengineering) 활용, 공급 연줄망을 통합하기 위한 기업-기업간 e-com의 적용, 그리고 기업-고객간 e-com과 같이 새로운 마켓팅 통로의 창출 등을 들 수 있다. 기업들은 이러한 새로운 방식의 비즈니스가 기업의 생산성 증대 및 개래비용의 절감 효과를 가져온다고 확신한다. 그 결과, 신 ICTs는 다양한 제품을 생산하는 많은 소규모 기업들의 최근 성장과 국제화를 통한 공간적 확산에 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 본 연구는 중국 Haier 기업을 사례로 기업의 성장과정에 신 ICTs가 끼친 역할을 살펴본 것이다. Haier 기업은 1990년부터 2002년 시기에 초국적 기업으로 성장했는데, 그 배경으로 신 ICTs의 채택과 관련하여 기업의 국제화 과정을 연구한 것이다. 연구결과, Haier 기업의 신 ICTs의 채택은 세계 여러 지역에 위치한 기능체의 통합에 기여했으며, 이는 기업의 국제화에 필수적인 적기생산과 배달체계를 구축함으로써 세계적으로 광범위한 지역의 공급자와 구매자를 가깝게 연계시키는 결과를 가져왔다. 결론적으로 Haier 기업은 신 ICTs를 활용함으로써 10년 이내에 초국적기업으로 성장하게 되었다는 점이다. It is now widely recognized that new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have been changing the way by which firms conduct their businesses. Examples are the application of enterprise resources planning (ERP) and business process reengineering (BPR) to increase the efficiency of internal<br/> resources management, adoption of Business-to-Business e-commerce (B2B e-com) to integrate supply chain, and invention of new marketing channels such as Business-to-Customer (B2C) e-com. These new ways of conducting businesses are believed to help firms to reduce transaction costs and increase productivity. As a result, new ICTs have played an important role in recent growth of many small firms into multi-functional and multi-product corporations and in their spatial expansion towards internationalization as well. This paper takes Haier in China as a case to study the role of new ICTs in the growth of firms and reveal how the new technologies have facilitated the expansion of Haier into a transnational corporation (TNC) by examining the internationalization process of the firm in relation to its adoption of new ICTs in the period from 1990 to 2002. The study reveals that the adoption of new ICTs has helped Haier to integrate its functional units located in dozens of places across the world, which is essential to the internationalization of a firm, and to link closely together its worldwide suppliers and customers to achieve just-in-time (JIT) production and delivery. As such, the<br/> authors of the paper argue that, without the facilitation of new ICTs, Haier could not have developed into a TNC in less than ten years.

Discussion on Failure Mechanism and Strength Criterion of Sandstone Based on Particle Discrete Element Method

Shuguang Zhang,Lei Chen,Pingping Lu,Wenbo Liu 대한토목학회 2021 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.25 No.6

In order to study the mechanism of loading failure process of deep rock mass, particle flow numerical simulation (PFC2D) was used to carry out rock mechanical unit tests under different loading strain rates for sandstone in Haitangshan Tunnel, Fuxin. The applicability of several classical strength criteria was compared according to the test. The results show that, except Poisson's ratio, the other mechanical parameters are positively correlated with the loading strain rate, including peak strength, elastic modulus, cohesion, internal friction angle and tensile strength. And the Poisson's ratio is negatively correlated with the loading strain rate. And the crack initiation stress σci and dilatation stress σcd increased gradually, but the effects on σci/σpk, σcd/σpk and σci/σcd were not obvious; and at the same volume strain, the corresponding axial strain decreased gradually. The anisotropy of normal and tangential contact forces between particles increases with the increase of loading strain rate. The normal contact force was approximately symmetrical distributed up and down, while the tangential contact force was approximately symmetrical distributed in the center. The cumulative number of cracks and the number of cracks every 10 steps gradually increased with the loading strain rate, and the crack development and failure degree gradually increased, and the crack hot spot map at the shear fracture zone gradually tended to be irregular. By comparing different strength criteria, it was found that the error of ROCKER strength criterion was relatively small, and the calculation was simple. It was considered that ROCKER strength criterion was more suitable for sandstone strength prediction under different loading strain rates.

Energy Evolution of Rock under Different Stress Paths and Establishment of a Statistical Damage Model

Wenbo Liu,Shuguang Zhang,Boyi Sun 대한토목학회 2019 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.23 No.10

In consideration of the influence of energy dissipation on the rock compression process, the traditional elastic stress-strain relationship was improved by adding the energy release rate. The microintensity of the rock was assumed to satisfy the Weibull distribution. The improved stress-strain relationship was transformed into a triaxial stress-strain model in consideration of the loading damage combined with mesodamage mechanics. The characteristic points of the stress-strain curve and the experimental data were utilized to calculate the distribution parameters of the rock under different conditions. The model curve was compared with the experimental data. Results showed that the stress-strain curve of the rock has peak points in the conventional triaxial compression test, but the radial peak of the rock was not evident in the unloading test. The energy of the rock under the loading path was smaller than that under the unloading path. The model curve exhibited a high degree of fitting with the experimental data, and its correlation coefficient was relatively large (> 0.90), which indicated that the model can clearly represent the actual damage and evolution law of the surrounding rock. Furthermore, the established model can also reflect the rock’s stress-strain relationship, which can serve as a practical guide for relevant applications. Finally, the distribution parameters also reflected the evolution law of rock energy and provided a method for the assessment of rock energy and damage trend.

Mathematical Morphology Guided Automatic Unwrapping Isoclinic Phase Map in White Light Photoelasticity

Xiaomeng Liu,Shuguang Dai 한국광학회 2015 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.19 No.6

By comparing the results calculated by atan() and atan2() functions, the correctly estimated region ofisoclinic phase map is determined using morphological techniques. The isoclinic phase map is automaticallyunwrapped in the true phase range -π /2 to π /2. Demonstrations of the method on a disc and a ring underdiametral compression are performed. Test results compare well with the theoretical results. Furthermore,the influences of principal stress direction and the range of isoclinic phase upon stress separation arediscussed

Regenerative Er-doped Fiber Amplifier System for High-repetition-rate Optical Pulses

Yan Liu,Kan Wu,Nanxi Li,Lanling Lan,Seongwoo Yoo,Xuan Wu,Perry Ping Shum,Shuguang Zeng,Xinyu Tan 한국광학회 2013 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.17 No.5

A regenerative Er-doped fiber amplifier system for a high-repetition-rate optical pulse train is investigated for the first time. A signal pulse train with a wavelength tuning range of 18 nm is produced by a passive mode-locked fiber laser based on a nonlinear polarization rotation technique. In order to realize the amplification, an optical delay-line is used to achieve time match between the pulses’ interval and the period of pulse running through the regenerative amplifier. The 16 dB gain is obtained for an input pulse train with a launching power of -30.4 dBm, a center wavelength of 1563.4 nm and a repetition rate of 15.3 MHz. The output properties of signal pulses with different center wavelengths are also discussed. The pulse amplification is found to be different from the regenerative amplification system for CW signals.

Fault analysis of CNC equipment based on DEMATEL/ISM/ANP

Sun Shuguang,Zhou Wenjie,Zhang Meng,Liu Xiyu,Mou Xiaowan 대한기계학회 2020 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.34 No.8

To make a reasonable reliability improvement strategy for CNC equipment, it is necessary to clearly understand the fault relation characteristics and the weak links of reliability. While the fault complexity of CNC equipment makes the fault relation characteristics unclear, it is very difficult to determine the weak link of reliability. Therefore, a fault analysis method for CNC equipment based on decision-making and trial evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL)/ interpretive structure modeling (ISM)/analytic network process (ANP) is proposed in this study to describe the relationship between CNC equipment faults accurately and identify reliability weaknesses. First, the fault mechanism was analyzed by the fault phenomenon, and the fault factors of the CNC equipment were identified in view of the system. Second, DEMATEL/ISM/ ANP method was adopted to integrate the interaction direction and intensity between the failure factors, hierarchical structure of the factors, and their relative importance, and a hierarchical network structure model for CNC equipment fault factors was built. Finally, according to the analysis results of the aforementioned model, the fault factors of the CNC equipment were divided into drive, link, dependence, and independent fault factors, and the identification of the weak link of reliability was completed. Results show that the proposed method can quantify the fault factors of the CNC equipment and clearly identify the main direction of its reliability improvement.

Iterative Learning Control for Leader-following Consensus of Nonlinear Multi-agent Systems with Packet Dropout

Xiongfeng Deng,Xiuxia Sun,Shuguang Liu 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2019 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.17 No.8

In this paper, the consensus problem of leader-following nonlinear multi-agent systems with packet dropout is addressed. The iterative learning control method is applied to design the control protocol. Then, a distributed control protocol is presented, and a sufficient condition is derived. In addition, the Bernoulli distribution process is introduced to model the packet dropout case, where the dropout rate is converted into a stochastic parameter. The convergence of proposed control protocol is analyzed by norm theory. It is proved that, when there exists the packet dropout, the output of all the following agents can track the trajectory of leader under the proposedcontrol protocol. Finally, two examples are provided to illustrate the validity of the theoretical analysis.

Leader-Following Consensus Control of Nonlinear Multi-Agent Systems with Input Constraint

Xiongfeng Deng,Xiuxia Sun,Shuguang Liu 한국항공우주학회 2019 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.20 No.1

This paper investigates the consensus control problem of leader-following nonlinear multi-agent systems with input constraint and directed communication topology. First, a general control protocol is given to solve the consensus of the multi-agent systems without input constraint. Then, the case of input constraint is considered, a fuzzy system is applied in constrained control protocol design. Also, the assumption that the Lipschitz condition for nonlinear item should be satisfied in many papers is not considered in this work. The convergence of the proposed control protocols is analyzed using the sliding mode control approach, Lyapunov stability theory and graph theory. Finally, two examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis.

Adaptive Differential Evolution-based Receding Horizon Control Design for Multi-UAV Formation Reconfiguration

Boyang Zhang,Xiuxia Sun,Shuguang Liu,Xiongfeng Deng 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2019 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.17 No.12

The complicated and constrained reconfiguration optimisation for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is a challenge, particularly when multi-mission requirements are taken into account. In this study, we evaluate the use of the adaptive differential evolution-based centralised receding horizon control approach to achieve the formation reconfiguration along a given formation group trajectory for multiple unmanned aerial vehicles in a three-dimensional (3D) environment. A rolling optimisation approach which combines the receding horizon control method with the adaptive differential evolution algorithm is proposed, where the receding horizon control method divides the global control problem into a series of local optimisations and each local optimisation problem is solved by an adaptive differential evolution algorithm. Furthermore, a novel quadratic reconfiguration cost function with the topology information of UAVs is presented, and the asymptotic convergence of the rolling optimisation is analysed. Finally, simulation examples are provided to illustrate the validity of the proposed control structure.

A Combined Forecasting Model for Passenger Flow Based on GM and ARMA

Yunjian Jia,Peihua He,Shuguang Liu,Lei Cao 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.9 No.2

In this paper, we first comparative analysis the existing prediction methods. Based on the GM and ARMA, we propose a new combined forecasting model which integrated the advantage of the GM is suitable for medium and long term forecast, the GM algorithm is simple and the ARMA is suitable for short time forecast. Moreover, we use the rail traffic data to verify this model. The results show that the combined forecasting model we proposed is of high forecast precision, and the combined forecasting model is better than the single forecasting model.