Association of Intracellular TH1-TH2 Balance in CD4+ T-cells and MIP-1α in CD8+ T-cells with Disease Severity in Adults with Dengue

Dipendra K. Mitra,Surendra K. Sharma,Tamilarasu Kadhiravan,Ankit Saxena,Amar Singh,Shobha Broor 대한면역학회 2010 Immune Network Vol.10 No.5

We tested the hypothesis that dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) is associated with a TH1-skewed immune response as opposed to dengue fever (DF). Methods: We estimated intracellular (in T-cells) and serum levels of designate TH1/TH2 cytokines [interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and tumor necrosis factor-α] and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) at admission, 48h, and day 5 in 20 adults with dengue (DF=10, DHF=10)and 10 dengue-naïve healthy controls. Results: At admission,intracellular IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio in CD4+ T-cells and proportion of MIP-1α-positive CD8+ T-cells were significantly higher in patients with DHF [7.21 (5.36∼10.81) vs. 3.04(1.75∼4.02); p=0.011 and 6.2% (3.2∼8.2%) vs. 2.4%(2.0∼3.6%); p=0.023]. The latter showed a significant positive correlation with IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio in CD4+ T-cells (Spearman’s rho=0.64; p=0.003), percentage-change in haematocrit (rho=0.47; p=0.048), and serum alanine aminotransferase level (rho=0.61; p=0.009). Conclusion: We conclude that DHF is associated with a TH1-skewed immune response. Further, MIP-1α in CD8+ T-cells is an important immunologic correlate of disease severity in dengue.

Association of Intracellular $T_H1-T_H2$ Balance in CD4+ T-cells and MIP-$1{\alpha}$ in CD8+ T-cells with Disease Severity in Adults with Dengue

Kadhiravan, Tamilarasu,Saxena, Ankit,Singh, Amar,Broor, Shobha,Sharma, Surendra K.,Mitra, Dipendra K. The Korean Association of Immunobiologists 2010 Immune Network Vol.10 No.5

Background: We tested the hypothesis that dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) is associated with a $T_H1$-skewed immune response as opposed to dengue fever (DF). Methods: We estimated intracellular (in T-cells) and serum levels of designate $T_H1/T_H2$ cytokines [interferon-${\gamma}$ (IFN-${\gamma}$), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$] and macrophage inflammatory protein-$1{\alpha}$ (MIP-$1{\alpha}$) at admission, 48h, and day 5 in 20 adults with dengue (DF=10, DHF=10) and 10 dengue-naive healthy controls. Results: At admission, intracellular IFN-${\gamma}$/IL-4 ratio in CD4+ T-cells and proportion of MIP-$1{\alpha}$-positive CD8+ T-cells were significantly higher in patients with DHF [7.21 (5.36~10.81) vs. 3.04 (1.75~4.02); p=0.011 and 6.2% (3.2~8.2%) vs. 2.4% (2.0~3.6%); p=0.023]. The latter showed a significant positive correlation with IFN-${\gamma}$/IL-4 ratio in CD4+ T-cells (Spearman's rho=0.64; p=0.003), percentage-change in haematocrit (rho=0.47; p=0.048), and serum alanine amino-transferase level (rho=0.61; p=0.009). Conclusion: We conclude that DHF is associated with a $T_H1$-skewed immune response. Further, MIP-$1{\alpha}$ in CD8+ T-cells is an important immunologic correlate of disease severity in dengue.

Characterization of Heterogeneous Interaction Behaviour in Ternary Mixtures by Dielectric Analysis: The H-Bonded Binary Polar Mixture in Non-Polar Solvent

Sengwa, R.J.,Madhvi,Sankhla, Sonu,Sharma, Shobha Korean Chemical Society 2006 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.27 No.5

The heterogeneous association behaviour of various concentration binary mixtures of mono alkyl ethers of ethylene glycol with ethyl alcohol were investigated by dielectric measurement in benzene solutions over the entire concentration range at 25 ${^{\circ}C}$. The values of static dielectric constant $\epsilon_0$ of the mixtures were measured at 1 MHz using a four terminal dielectric liquid test fixture and precision LCR meter. The high frequency limiting dielectric constant $\epsilon_\infty$ values were determined by measurement of refractive index $n_D$ ($\epsilon_\infty\;=\;n_D\;^2$). The measured values of $\epsilon_0$ and $\epsilon_\infty$ were used to evaluate the values of excess dielectric constant $\epsilon^E$, effective Kirkwood correlation factor $g^{eff}$ and corrective correlation factor $g_f$ of the binary polar mixtures to obtain qualitative and quantitative information about the H-bond complex formation. The non-linear behaviour of the observed $\epsilon_0$ values of the polar molecules and their mixtures in benzene solvent confirms the variation in the associated structures with change in polar mixture constituents concentration and also by dilution in non-polar solvents. Appearance of the maximum in $\epsilon^E$ values at different concentration of the polar mixtures suggest the formation of stable adduct complex, which depends on the molecular size of the mono alkyl ethers of ethylene glycol. Further, the observed $\epsilon^E$ < 0 also confirms the heterogeneous H-bond complex formation reduces the effective number of dipoles in these polar binary mixtures. In benzene solutions these polar molecules shows the maximum reduce in effective number of dipoles at 50 percent dilutions. But ethyl alcohol rich binary polar mixtures in benzene solvent show the maximum reduce in effective number of dipoles in benzene rich solutions.

Association of Intracellular T_H1-T_H2 Balance in CD4+ T-cells and MIP-1α in CD8+ T-cells with Disease Severity in Adults with Dengue

Kadhiravan, Tamilarasu,Saxena, Ankit,Singh, Amar,Broor, Shobha,Sharma, Surendra K.,Mitra, Dipendra K. 대한면역학회 2010 Immune Network Vol.10 No.5

We tested the hypothesis that dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) is associated with a T_H1-skewed immune response as opposed to dengue fever (DF). Methods: We estimated intracellular (in T-cells) and serum levels of designate T_H1/T_H2 cytokines [interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and tumor necrosis factor-α] and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) at admission, 48h, and day 5 in 20 adults with dengue (DF=10, DHF=10) and 10 dengue-naive healthy controls. Results: At admission, intracellular IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio in CD4+ T-cells and proportion of MIP-1α-positive CD8+ T-cells were significantly higher in patients with DHF [7.21 (5.36~10.81) vs. 3.04 (1.75~4.02); p=0.011 and 6.2% (3.2~8.2%) vs. 2.4% (2.0~3.6%); p=0.023]. The latter showed a significant positive correlation with IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio in CD4+ T-cells (Spearman's rho=0.64; p=0.003), percentage-change in haematocrit (rho=0.47; p=0.048), and serum alanine amino-transferase level (rho=0.61; p=0.009). Conclusion: We conclude that DHF is associated with a T_H1-skewed immune response. Further, MIP-1α in CD8+ T-cells is an important immunologic correlate of disease severity in dengue.

The Implementation of Telepractice by Malaysian Speech-Language Pathologists During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Susheel Joginder Singh,Khairina Kamarudin,Shobha Sharma 한국언어청각임상학회 2022 Communication Sciences and Disorders Vol.27 No.1

Objectives: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) led speech-language pathologists (SLPs) around the world to shift their service delivery methods from face-to-face service to telepractice. This study explored the implementation of telepractice by Malaysian SLPs and determined whether there was an association between the SLPs’ perceptions of the effectiveness of telepractice and the frequency of the telepractice services provided, as well as between the use of telepractice and prior training received. Methods: Eighty-nine SLPs responded to an 18-question online survey that inquired about demographics, telepractice during the pandemic, perceptions of telepractice and prior training received. Results: Seventy-five percent of SLPs reported providing services via telepractice during the pandemic compared to 19% before the pandemic. Most SLPs who used telepractice stated that services delivered via telepractice were comparable with face-to-face services; no association was found between the frequency of providing services via telepractice and the SLPs’ perceptions of its effectiveness. They had also received some training in telepractice, although no association was found between the type of training received and the provision of telepractice services. SLPs who did not provide services via telepractice reported awareness of telepractice but described a lack of knowledge, support, and training. All SLPs expressed interest to receive more training in telepractice to enable them to provide better services. Conclusion: Malaysian SLPs demonstrated great commitment towards service provision during the pandemic, similar to SLPs in other nations. It is hoped that Malaysian SLPs continue to have positive attitudes toward telepractice with increased familiarity, use, and training. Telepractice services, undoubtedly, are here to stay.