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( Shimizu ),( Yoshinori ) 한국수학교육학회 2017 수학교육 학술지 Vol.2017 No.2
The Japanese tradition of Lesson Study has created a teaching community in which observation and discussion of teaching are integral parts of professional practice with particular lexical terms of specific significance. The current study aims to address the terms that Japanese teachers use to describe the phenomena of the school mathematics classroom. The study explores the constituent elements and structural characteristics of the Japanese lexicon, as a part of the international Lexicon Project that aims to document and compare the naming systems in nine participating countries. Each participating team contributed a videotaped lesson to be included in a stimulus package viewed by team members in each country to identify the wellestablished pedagogical terms or phrases of used in the communities. We created a lexicon of 76 terms and their extensive descriptions. An electronic survey was conducted for a national validation to examine how familiar the terms were for the mathematics teachers in Japan. Overall, the terms were very familiar to the respondents, although some terms were somewhat less frequently in use. An evolving nature of lexical terms has appeared through the process of analyses. Issues and challenges in studying local Lexicon are discussed.
Shimizu, Hirotaka,Arai, Katsuhiro,Takeuchi, Ichiro,Minowa, Kei,Hosoi, Kenji,Sato, Masamichi,Oka, Itsuhiro,Kaburaki, Yoichiro,Shimizu, Toshiaki The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology 2021 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.24 No.1
Purpose: The long-term efficacy and safety of infliximab (IFX) in children with ulcerative colitis (UC) have not been well-evaluated. Here, we reviewed the long-term durability and safety of IFX in our single center pediatric cohort with UC. Methods: This retrospective study included 20 children with UC who were administered IFX. Results: For induction, 5 mg/kg IFX was administered at weeks 0, 2, and 6, followed by every 8 weeks for maintenance. The dose and interval of IFX were adjusted depending on clinical decisions. Corticosteroid (CS)-free remission without dose escalation (DE) occurred in 30% and 25% of patients at weeks 30 and 54, respectively. Patients who achieved CS-free remission without DE at week 30 sustained long-term IFX treatment without colectomy. However, one-third of the patients discontinued IFX treatment because of a primary nonresponse, and one-third experienced secondary loss of response (sLOR). IFX durability was higher in patients administered IFX plus azathioprine for >6 months. Four of five patients with very early onset UC had a primary nonresponse. Infusion reactions (IRs) occurred in 10 patients, resulting in discontinuation of IFX in four of these patients. No severe opportunistic infections occurred, except in one patient who developed acute focal bacterial nephritis. Three patients developed psoriasis-like lesions. Conclusion: IFX is relatively safe and effective for children with UC. Clinical remission at week 30 was associated with long-term durability of colectomy-free IFX treatment. However, approximately two-thirds of the patients were unable to continue IFX therapy because of primary nonresponse, sLOR, IRs, and other side effects.
Study of the Oral Discomfort and Oral Habits in Halitosis Patient
Toshiyuki Shimizu,Mie Tashiro,Michael W. Myers,Kohji Takahashi,Shun-Ichi Honda 대한예방치과학회 2012 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.8 No.1
Objective: Purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between oral discomfort, oral habits and halitosis. Methods: One hundred and forty patients with halitosis (age range, 13 to 65 years; 93 women, 47 men) who had visited Shimizu dental clinic from October 2003 to August 2008 were compared with a control group who did not have complaints about halitosis (n=56). Oral discomfort (such as sensation of dry mouth and discomfort of the tongue), the amount of saliva secretion, and oral habits (such as bruxism) were analyzed statistically between the halitosis and control group. To compare the halitosis patients with the control group, the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test was used for the analysis of the salivary amount, and a chi-Square test was used for the analysis of oral discomfort and oral habits. Results: Frequency of oral discomfort mouth sensation was significantly higher (p<0.0001) in the halitosis patients (63.5%) than in the control group (10.7%). The occurrence of oral habit was significantly higher (p<0.001) in the halitosis patients (63.6%) than in the control group (37.5%). There was a significant difference (p=0.0009) between the halitosis patients (mean: 1.28 ml) and control group (mean: 1.43 ml) in the amount of unstimulated saliva secretion. For the amount of stimulated saliva secretion, there was no significant difference (p=0.2248) between the halitosis patients (mean: 3.40 ml) and control group (mean: 3.76 ml). Conclusion: These results suggest that the presence of oral discomfort and oral habits, such as bruxism, were associated with halitosis.
Biological Roles of Alternative Autophagy
Shimizu, Shigeomi Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2018 Molecules and cells Vol.41 No.1
Atg5 and Atg7 have long been considered as essential molecules for autophagy. However, we found that cells lacking these molecules still form autophagic vacuoles and perform autophagic protein degradation when subjected to certain stressors. During this unconventional autophagy pathway, autophagosomes appeared to be generated in a Rab9-dependent manner by the fusion of vesicles derived from the trans-Golgi and late endosomes. Therefore, mammalian autophagy can occur via at least two different pathways; the Atg5/Atg7-dependent conventional pathway and an Atg5/Atg7-independent alternative pathway.
meso‐Hydroxysubporphyrins: A Cyclic Trimeric Assembly and a Stable meso‐Oxy Radical
Shimizu, Daiki,Oh, Juwon,Furukawa, Ko,Kim, Dongho,Osuka, Atsuhiro WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2015 Angewandte Chemie Vol.127 No.22
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Treatment of meso‐chlorosubporphyrin with potassium hydroxide in DMSO followed by aqueous work up and recrystallization gave a cyclic trimer consisting of meso‐hydroxysubporphyrin units linked between the central boron atoms and meso‐hydroxy groups. Solutions of this trimer are nonfluorescent, but become fluorescent when exposed to acid or base, since hydrolytic cleavage of the axial BO bonds generates the meso‐hydroxysubporphyrin monomer or its oxyanion. Ring cleavage of the trimer was also effected by reaction with phenylmagnesium bromide to produce meso‐hydroxy‐B‐phenyl subporphyrin, which can be quantitatively oxidized with PbO<SUB>2</SUB> to furnish a subporphyrin meso‐oxy radical as a remarkably stable species as a result of spin delocalization over almost the entire molecule.</P>