<i>BRCA2</i> Hypomorphic Missense Variants Confer Moderate Risks of Breast Cancer

Shimelis, Hermela,Mesman, Romy L.S.,Von Nicolai, Catharina,Ehlen, Asa,Guidugli, Lucia,Martin, Charlotte,Callé,ja, Fabienne M.G.R.,Meeks, Huong,Hallberg, Emily,Hinton, Jamie,Lilyquist, Jenna,Hu, American Association for Cancer Research 2017 Cancer Research Vol.77 No.11

<P>These results show how BRCA2 missense variants that partially influence protein function can confer clinically relevant increased risks of breast cancer, with potential implications for risk management of women who harbor specific variants.</P><P>Breast cancer risks conferred by many germline missense variants in the <I>BRCA1</I> and <I>BRCA2</I> genes, often referred to as variants of uncertain significance (VUS), have not been established. In this study, associations between 19 BRCA1 and 33 BRCA2 missense substitution variants and breast cancer risk were investigated through a breast cancer case–control study using genotyping data from 38 studies of predominantly European ancestry (41,890 cases and 41,607 controls) and nine studies of Asian ancestry (6,269 cases and 6,624 controls). The BRCA2 c.9104A>C, p.Tyr3035Ser (OR = 2.52; <I>P</I> = 0.04), and BRCA1 c.5096G>A, p.Arg1699Gln (OR = 4.29; <I>P</I> = 0.009) variant were associated with moderately increased risks of breast cancer among Europeans, whereas BRCA2 c.7522G>A, p.Gly2508Ser (OR = 2.68; <I>P</I> = 0.004), and c.8187G>T, p.Lys2729Asn (OR = 1.4; <I>P</I> = 0.004) were associated with moderate and low risks of breast cancer among Asians. Functional characterization of the BRCA2 variants using four quantitative assays showed reduced BRCA2 activity for p.Tyr3035Ser compared with wild-type. Overall, our results show how BRCA2 missense variants that influence protein function can confer clinically relevant, moderately increased risks of breast cancer, with potential implications for risk management guidelines in women with these specific variants. <I>Cancer Res; 77(11); 2789–99. ©2017 AACR</I>.</P>

Genetic Advancement of Newly Developed Wheat Populations Under Drought-Stressed and Non-Stressed Conditions

Kwame Wilson Shamuyarira,Hussein Shimelis,Terence Tapera,Toi John Tsilo 한국작물학회 2019 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.22 No.2

Genetic variation and heritability estimates in early generations are important in identifying superior families that can be targeted for genetic advancement. Early generation selection has been a successful tool to enhance selection efficiency in plant breeding programs. The aim of this study was to select and advance F3 families of wheat relative to their parents for drought tolerance using agronomic traits. Twelve parental lines and 66 newly-developed F3 families were evaluated using a 6x13 alpha-lattice design under drought-stressed and non-stressed conditions. Considerable genetic and phenotypic variation was observed for days to heading, plant height, spike length, kernels per spike, fresh biomass, and grain yield. Expected genetic gains were high for fresh biomass and grain yield. The families LM02xLM05, LM02xLM23, LM09xLM45, and LM13xLM45 were high yielding with high biomass values and are recommended for genetic advancement using single seed descent.

Selection and characterisation of the predominant Lactobacillus species as a starter culture in the preparation of kocho, fermented food from enset

Helen Weldemichael Weldeselassie,Shimelis Admassu Emire,Melaku Alemu 한국식품과학회 2019 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.28 No.4

Enset (Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman)(false banana) plant is a multipurpose traditional cropwidely cultivated in the south and southwestern Ethiopia. Astudy was conducted to determine the predominantmicrobes from kocho for subsequent use as a starter culture. Accordingly, a total of 40 lactic acid bacteria associatedwith kocho were characterized both at thephenotypic and genotypic level. Lactobacillus plantarum,Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus paracasei/casei andLactobacillus fermentum were the isolated strains duringkocho fermentation. Most L. plantarum showed rapidacidification and the higher growth rate than L. brevis. Based on these results L. plantarum (n = 10) and L. brevis(n = 3) were selected as possible starter strains and appliedto enset pulp in laboratory scale. These starter strainsshowed fast pH reduction, increased microbial load thancontrol sample and the possibility of a single strain in thefermentation of enset pulps for the production of kocho.

Early Generation Genetic Variation and Heritability of Yield and Related Traits among Tef Populations

Mizan Tesfay Abraha,Shimelis Hussein,Mark Laing,Kebebew Assefa 한국작물학회 2017 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.20 No.5

The extent of genetic variation and heritability of a trait are among the major determinants of selection gains in plant breeding programs. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of genetic variation and inheritance of grain yield, and component traits of newly developed tef populations under moisture-stressed and non-stressed conditions for drought tolerance breeding. Seventeen crosses along with the parents were evaluated in the F2 generation under moisture-stressed and non-stressed conditions in northern Ethiopia during 2015 and 2016. There were marked genotypic and phenotypic variation among the crosses in the F2 generation for plant height, panicle length, peduncle length, number of productive tillers per plant, main shoot panicle seed weight, biomass yield, and grain yield under both test conditions, important for successful selection and genetic advancement. The families of DZ-Cr-387 x 207832 and DZ-Cr-387 x 222076 were high grain yielders with early maturity under both test conditions.

The exposure rate to hepatitis B and C viruses among medical waste handlers in three government hospitals, southern Ethiopia

Anteneh Amsalu,Mesfin Worku,Endale Tadesse,Techalew Shimelis 한국역학회 2016 Epidemiology and Health Vol.38 No.-

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the rate of and risk factors for exposure to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among medical waste handlers. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2014 to January 2015. A total of 152 medical waste handlers (MWH) and 82 non-medical waste handlers (NMWH) were studied. Serum samples were collected from participants and screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) and anti-HCV using rapid immunochromatography assay. MWH were also screened for hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs). RESULTS: The respective prevalence of HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HCV was 1.3%, 39.4%, and 0.7% in MWH, compared to 2.4%, 17.1%, and 1.2%, respectively, in NMWH. Among MWH, 58.6% were susceptible to HBV infection. There was a significant difference in the rate of lifetime exposure to HBV in MWH compared with NMWH (odds ratio [OR], 3.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.64 to 6.13). However, there was no significant difference between participant groups with respect to current HBV infection (OR, 0.53; 95%CI, 0.07 to 3.86) or anti-HCV (OR, 0.54; 95%CI, 0.03 to 8.69). Age older than 40 years and working in a hospital laundry were independent predictors of lifetime exposure to HBV infection. Eleven (7.2%) respondents were vaccinated against HBV. CONCLUSIONS: Lifetime exposure to HBV infection was significantly higher in MWH than in NMWH. The majority of MWH was not vaccinated against HBV and thus remains susceptible to contracting the infection. Screening upon hire followed by vaccination of MWH is recommended to reduce the transmission of HBV.

차량통신을 활용한 안전 서비스 설계 및 구현

이보원 ( Bo-won Lee ),이수경 ( Su-kyng Lee ),박은미 ( Eun-mi Park ),박지혜 ( Ji-hye Park ),( Sisay Shimelis ),( Samanjana Baidya ),( Anand Paul ),이재정 ( Jae-jung Lee ) 한국정보처리학회 2013 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.20 No.2

ITS 기술의 발전으로 인해 교통 분야에 관련한 서비스들이 제시되고 있다. 최근 V2X 기술은 기존 자동차 또는 도로 인프라에 IT기술이 접목되는 IT 융합 기술 중 하나이며, 주요 자동차 선진국들과 메이커들은 차세대 자동차 기술 중 하나로 생각하고 있다. 또한 국제적으로 차량 간 통신을 이용한 국가 프로젝트 및 서비스가 제안되고 있다. 따라서 이러한 안전 서비스에 대한 시나리오가 많이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 차량 간 통신을 활용하여 안전 서비스 설계 및 구현을 제시한다. 이 시나리오 구현 결과 운전자, 보행자 모두 안전 할 수 있는 방법을 보인다. 향후 차량 통신이 실제 차에 적용되었을 경우 고려해야 할 결과를 결론에서 제시하였다.

Experimental study of moment redistribution and load carrying capacity of externally prestressed continuous composite beams

Shiming Chen,Yuanlin Jia,Xindi Wang 국제구조공학회 2009 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.31 No.5

A comparative experimental study of prestressed continuous steel-concrete composite beams was carried out. Two continuous composite beams were tested, one of which was plain continuous steelconcrete composite beam, while the other was a composite beam prestressed with external tendons. Cracking behavior and the load carrying capacity of the beams were investigated experimentally. Full plasticity was developed in the mid-span section each beam, the maximum moments attained at the internal support sections however were governed by local buckling which was related to the slenderness of composite section. It was found that in hogging moment regions, the ultimate resistance of an externally prestressed composite beam would be governed by either distortional lateral buckling or local buckling, or interactive mode of these two buckling patterns. The results show that exerting prestressing on a continuous composite beam with external tendons will increase the extent of internal force and moment redistribution in the beam. The influences of local and distortional buckling on the behaviors of the composite continuous beams are discussed. The Moment redistribution and the load carrying capacity of the prestressed continuous composite beams are evaluated, and it is found that at the ultimate state, the moment redistribution in the prestrssed continuous composite beams is greater than that in non-prestressed composite beams.

ADAPTIVE MODEL FOLLOWING CONTROL FOR THE ROBOTICS MANIPULATORS

Shiming Tang,Sangyong Lee,Deokjung Kim 전력전자학회 1995 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.1995 No.10

A new method under certain criteria for choosing the adaptive gain matrices F, F1, M, M1, and weight matrices G and N for the adaptive model following control (AMFC) system has been developed. This design method provides a theoretical guidance and engineering formulas for finding a set of suitable gain and weight matrices during the adaptive process. The technique is demonstrated in a robotics manipulator, and the numerical aspects of determining and adjusting those matrices are also discussed.

Shear bond failure in composite slabs– a detailed experimental study

Shiming Chen,Xiaoyu Shi,Zihao Qiu 국제구조공학회 2011 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.11 No.3

An experimental study has been carried out to reveal the shear-bond failure mechanism of composite deck slabs. Thirteen full scale simply supported composite slabs are studied experimentally, with the influence parameters like span length, slab depth, shear span length and end anchorage provided by steel headed studs. A dozen of strain gauges and LVDTs are monitored to capture the strain distribution and variation of the composite slabs. Before the onset of shear-bond slip, the longitudinal shear forces along the span are deduced and found to be proportional to the vertical shear force in terms of the shear-bond strength in the m-k method. The test results are appraised using the current design procedures. Based on the partial shear-bond connection at the ultimate state, an improved method is proposed by introducing two reduction factors to assess the moment resistance of a composite deck slab. The new method has been validated and the results predicted by the revised method agree well with the test results.

Analytical and Experimental Investigation of Flow Distribution in Manifolds for Heat Exchangers

Shiming Yang,Yonghao Luo 대한기계학회 1998 Heat transter conference Vol.6 No.1