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RISS 인기검색어
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- 저자 : Sher Bahadur Gurung (검색결과 5 건)
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Status of Constructed Wetlands in Nepal : Recent Developments and Future Concerns
Sher Bahadur Gurung,Franz Kevin F. Geronimo,Soyoung Lee,Lee-Hyung Kim 한국습지학회 2017 한국습지학회지 Vol.19 No.1
네팔은 중국과 인도 사이에 위치한 남부 아시아의 내륙국가로 폐수관리는 도시지역에서 가장 중요한 문제 중 하나이 다. 네팔의 폐수처리 시스템은 비싼 운영비, 불연속적인 전력 공급, 유지관리 및 기술인력의 부족으로 인해 조성과 운 영이 어렵다. 이러한 이유로 인공습지는 폐수처리시설의 대안기술로써 다양한 지역에 적용되고 있다. 일반적으로 인공 습지 기술의 효율 지속 가능성은 적절한 운영과 유지관리 및 적극적인 지역사회 참여에 의존한다. 따라서 본 연구에서 는 26개의 인공습지에서의 제거 효율, 방류수질, 네팔 수질기준, 운영 및 유지관리 활동 등을 조사하고 문제점을 분석 하여 관리방안 등을 도출하였다. 오염물질당 제거효율은 ka-1의 인공습지가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났으며, B-1, L-3, Ka-5, k-1 순으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 네팔의 인공습지 조성기술은 최근 20년간 기술개발 없이 전통적 방식에 의 존해온 결과 비효율적인 성능으로 인해 많은 습지가 가동이 중단되거나 폐쇄되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 기술개발의 부족, 자연재해, 대중의 인공습지에 대한 낮은 인식 및 예산 부족 등은 인공습지의 지속적인 개발을 저해하고 있는 것 으로 조사되었지만, 인공습지는 네팔 도시지역의 폐수문제에 대한 해결방안으로 고려되고 있다. Nepal is a landlocked mountainous country in South Asia, located between China to the north and India to the south, east, and west. As such, wastewater management has become one of the most significant problems in urban area of Nepal. In Nepal, the centralized wastewater treatment systems were dysfunctional due to high cost of operation, discontinuous power supply, lack of proper maintenance and proper technical workforce to address the issues. As such, constructed wetlands (CW) were applied to treat various secondary wastewater as alternative to wastewater treatment facilities. Generally, efficiency and sustainability of CW technology depends on proper operation and maintenance and active community involvement. This study summarizes information about 26 CW in Nepal. Specifically, factors including data banking, removal efficiency, quality of discharged water, compliance to water quality standard of Nepal and operation and maintenance were investigated. Considering removal efficiency per pollutant, Ka-1 achieved the greatest reduction for most pollutant followed by B-1, L-3, Ka-5 and K-1. Nepal has practiced CW technology for more than 2 decades but currently, development of technology was interrupted by the inefficient performance of existing facilities. Public awareness about the technology, natural disaster, unavailability of specified substrate materials, lack of fund for further research and experiments has hindered the expansion of technology. In spite of these concerns, CW was still proven as an alternative solution to the present wastewater problems in urban areas of Nepal.
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Sher Bahadur Gurung,Franz Kevin F. Geronimo,최혜선,홍정선,김이형 한국습지학회 2018 한국습지학회지 Vol.20 No.1
Nutrients generated from various land uses lead to eutrophication during the influx of water, and it is necessary to apply the LID techniques to reduce nutrients from nonpoint sources in order to mitigate the occurrence of the algal bloom. This study was carried out to derive the design factors of hybrid artificial wetland (HCW) to increase the removal efficiency of nutrients. HCW system was constructed in the year 2010 for the treatment of rainfall runoffs from parking lots and roads composed of 100% impervious floors in the Cheonan campus of Kongju University. The average nutrients removal efficiency of TN and TP was 74% and 72%, respectively. Both TN and TP removal efficiencies were higher than those of free surface wetlands and subsurface flow wetlands due to activated physical and ecological mechanisms. The critical design parameters for the efficient nutrients removal in the artificial wetlands were the ratio of the surface area to the catchment area (SA/CA), land use, the rainfall runoff, and the rainfall intensity. The optimal carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio was estimated at 5: 1 to 10.3: 1. The results of this study can be applied to the efficient design of hybrid artificial wetlands to treat nutrients in urban runoff with high efficiency.
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Application of indices to evaluate LID facilities for sediment and heavy metal removal
Gurung, Sher Bahadur,Geronimo, Franz Kevin,Hong, Jungsun,Kim, Lee-Hyung Elsevier 2018 CHEMOSPHERE - Vol.206 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Heavy metal and sediments transported from the urban catchment are the prime interest among researchers these days due to its toxic behaviour and hazardous effect on the animals, plants and human. The inflow from urban catchments and outflow from the Low impact development technologies (LID) were evaluated using different types of indices. Indices like f<SUB>d</SUB>, f<SUB>p</SUB> and K<SUB>d</SUB> showed that heavy metals like Pb, Cd and Ni were dominantly observed in the dissolved form. These metals possess higher threat to the water bodies receiving urban runoff without any treatments. The state of heavy metal was highly dependent on the particle size which was directly affected by the TSS EMC in urban area. The indices like f<SUB>d</SUB>, f<SUB>p</SUB> and K<SUB>d</SUB> were good enough to understand the behaviour, nature and state of metal in urban inflow and outflow from the system. On the other hand, calculated MPI and PERI indices showed that runoff from urban areas without any treatment bare very strong risk to the environment. LID technologies were found to be the better option in reducing the risk of urban areas to the receiving water bodies. These indices could be valuable for the decision making before the selection of applicable LID types, plants and filter media. Furthermore, indices like these can be devised to measure the impact of LID system to the environment as well as the decision making tool before discharge of outflow to the nearby streams.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Heavy metals transported from urban runoff are main concern among researcher. </LI> <LI> LID systems are better alternative to mitigate heavy metal runoff. </LI> <LI> Indices like f<SUB>d</SUB>, f<SUB>p</SUB> and K<SUB>d</SUB> provides good information about heavy metal fate in urban runoff and outflow. </LI> <LI> MPI and PERI indices can be used as an LID system evaluation tool. </LI> <LI> These tools can be used to measure environmental effectiveness of LID to improve water bodies. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
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( Sher Bahadur Gurung ),( Franz Kevin F. Geronimo ),( Jungsun Hong ),( Lee-hyung Kim ) 한국물환경학회 2017 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2017 No.-
Rain garden (RG) also called bioretention are depressed landscape planted with different types of vegetation which can be functional in commercial and residential area to treat storm water runoff and pollutants transported. The main objective of this study is to understand the hydrology and nitrogen removal mechanism in RG system. The inflow volume of stormwater was reduced by 96% after passing through the system. The average TN removal efficiency of RG was observed to be 47% where the average NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N and NO<sub>3</sub>-N nitrogen constituents’ removal efficiency was observed to be 73% and 30%, respectively. The study concludes that RG can be used as best management practices (BMP) to reduce stormwater runoff in urban area. Furthermore, Nitrogen removal mechanism in RG was mainly influenced by nitrification coupled with denitrification, plant uptake, volatilization and ammonification.
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