Reaction of Five Non-cereal Grasses to Five Races and Two Host Selective Toxins of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis

Shaukat Ali,M. A. C. Langham 한국식물병리학회 2015 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.31 No.3

Alternative hosts increase the difficulty of disease management in crops because these alternate hosts provide additional sources of primary inoculum or refuges for diversity in the pathogen gene pool. Agropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass), Bromus inermis (smooth bromegrass), Pascopyrum smithii (western wheatgrass), Stipa viridula (green needlegrass), and Thinopyrum intermedium (intermediate wheatgrass), commonly identified in range, prairie, verge, and soil reclamation habitats, serve as additional hosts for Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, the cause of tan spot in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). A. cristatum (five lines), B. inermis (seven lines), P. smithii (four lines), S. viridula (two lines), and T. intermedium (six lines) were tested for their reactions to 30 representative P. tritici-repentis isolates from races 1-5. Plants were grown until the two-three-leaf stage in a greenhouse, inoculated individually with the 30 isolates, held at high humidity for 24 h, and rated after 7 days. All lines developed lesion types 1-2 (resistant) based on a 1-5 rating scale. Also, leaves from an additional plant set were infiltrated with two host selective toxins, Ptr ToxA as a pure preparation and Ptr ToxB as a dilute crude culture filtrate. All lines were insensitive to the toxins. Results indicate that these grass hosts have a limited or nonsignificant role in tan spot epidemiology on wheat in the northern Great Plains. Additionally, the resistant reactions demonstrated by the grass species in this research indicate the presence of resistance genes that can be valuable to wheat breeding programs for improving wheat resistance to P. tritici-repentis.

Reaction of Five Non-cereal Grasses to Five Races and Two Host Selective Toxins of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis

Ali, Shaukat,Langham, M.A.C. The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2015 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.31 No.3

Alternative hosts increase the difficulty of disease management in crops because these alternate hosts provide additional sources of primary inoculum or refuges for diversity in the pathogen gene pool. Agropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass), Bromus inermis (smooth bromegrass), Pascopyrum smithii (western wheatgrass), Stipa viridula (green needlegrass), and Thinopyrum intermedium (intermediate wheatgrass), commonly identified in range, prairie, verge, and soil reclamation habitats, serve as additional hosts for Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, the cause of tan spot in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). A. cristatum (five lines), B. inermis (seven lines), P. smithii (four lines), S. viridula (two lines), and T. intermedium (six lines) were tested for their reactions to 30 representative P. tritici-repentis isolates from races 1-5. Plants were grown until the two-three-leaf stage in a greenhouse, inoculated individually with the 30 isolates, held at high humidity for 24 h, and rated after 7 days. All lines developed lesion types 1-2 (resistant) based on a 1-5 rating scale. Also, leaves from an additional plant set were infiltrated with two host selective toxins, Ptr ToxA as a pure preparation and Ptr ToxB as a dilute crude culture filtrate. All lines were insensitive to the toxins. Results indicate that these grass hosts have a limited or nonsignificant role in tan spot epidemiology on wheat in the northern Great Plains. Additionally, the resistant reactions demonstrated by the grass species in this research indicate the presence of resistance genes that can be valuable to wheat breeding programs for improving wheat resistance to P. tritici-repentis.

Spatio-Temporal Variability of SummerMonsoon Onset over Pakistan

Shaukat Ali,Bushra Khalid,Rida Sehar Kiani,Romaisa Babar,Sana Nasir,Nadia Rehman,Muhammad Adnan,Muhammad Arif Goheer 한국기상학회 2020 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.56 No.1

Pakistan receives huge amount of rainfall during summer monsoon season that provides water replenishment for transition periods, helps in maintaining natural and anthropogenic ecosystems, and increased crop productivity. In this changing world, shifts in summer monsoon onset in Pakistan have been observed that seems to affect the society in general. Therefore, it is vital to address these summer monsoon onset shifts to help policy makings and implementation. The study was carried out to analyse the spatio-temporal variability in summer monsoon onset in four objectively defined regions covering all Pakistan. A total of 35 meteorological stations spreading over four regions (i.e., northern, central east, central west, and southern) were taken in to account and shifts in summer monsoon onset have been calculated for the period of 1971–2010. The analysis is based on the observational data of daily precipitation from 20th Jun-20th July for 40 years. The onset for each year and mean onset for each decade has been calculated for all stations. The data was analysed for homogeneity, spatial and temporal variability of monsoon rainfall has been calculated for all four regions, and station wise monsoon onset has been discussed in detail. The temporal analysis shows that the onset of monsoon has shift towards earlier onset from first week of July to last week of June at most of the stations in which the investigation was carried out during the studied period. The spatial analysis shows that the amount of monsoon precipitation during the onset period has decreased after 1970’s in almost all regions. This variability in monsoon onset can have major impacts on rain fed agriculture and cultivation of crops like maize, soybean, rice and sugarcane etc. and will have to revisit the cropping calendar.

친디아칼럼 : 파키스탄을 매력적인 투자 국가

쇼캇알리무카담 ( Shaukat Ali Mukadam ) 포스코경영연구원 2012 CHINDIA Plus Vol.70 No.-

Eco-Friendly Powder and Particles-Based Triboelectric Energy Harvesters

Rayyan Ali Shaukat,최지훈,정창규 한국분말재료학회 2023 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.30 No.6

Since their initial development in 2012, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have gained popularity worldwide as a desired option for harnessing energy. The urgent demand for TENGs is attributed to their novel structural design, low cost, and use of large-scale materials. The output performance of a TENG depends on the surface charge density of the friction layers. Several recycled and biowaste materials have been explored as friction layers to enhance the output performance of TENGs. Natural and oceanic biomaterials have also been investigated as alternatives for improving the performance of TENG devices. Moreover, structural innovations have been made in TENGs to develop highly efficient devices. This review summarizes the recent developments in recycling and biowaste materials for TENG devices. The potential of natural and oceanic biowaste materials is also discussed. Finally, future outlooks for the structural developments in TENG devices are presented.

Heat transfer and flow field features between surface mounted trapezoidal-ribs

Md Shaukat Ali,Naveen Sharma,Andallib Tariq 대한기계학회 2019 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.33 No.10

Present work is an experimental study of flow over array of trapezoidal-ribs transversely placed on the wider bottom surface of the rectangular passage. It is intended to study the profound impact of taper angle variation (0 to 20°) on the flow mechanism, and subsequently on heat transfer improvement. The local and augmentation heat transfer patterns have been investigated using liquid crystal thermography (LCT). Further, the aerodynamic characteristics, in a module between seventh and eight ribs, have been obtained using particle image velocimetry (PIV) for understanding the flow physics. Existence of large- and small-scale coherent structures within the detached shear layer zone have been confirmed and further explained by means of critical points. As compared to square rib, trapezoidal rib provides higher heat transfer rate just downstream of the rib, which is observed to be in line with the fluid flow results.

Humidity Sensors Using 2D and 3D Nanomaterials: From Materials Selection to Technological Aspects

Rayyan Ali Shaukat,Ahmed Mahfuz Tamim,황건태,정창규 한국전기전자재료학회 2024 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.25 No.2

Humidity sensors have gained popularity among scientific community throughout the world owing to the cost effectiveness, ultra-high sensitivity, stability, linearity, and wide range response. Significant efforts have been made to target the various parameters of humidity sensors employing the advanced sensing technologies for different industrial and practical applications. The comprehensive novel materials have been developed to fabricate the humidity sensors with desired improved parameters. Among them two-dimensional (2D) materials, and three-dimensional (3D) materials possess unique physical/chemical properties, exceptional sensitivity, rapid response times, and remarkable stability when employed in humidity sensing devices. As a result, considerable breakthrough has been made in the field of humidity sensors. This review paper seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in 2D/3D materials-based humidity sensors, shedding light on their unique properties, sensing mechanisms, and technological advancement in this era. Moreover, the potential future developments as well as current challenges in this field has also been summarized in this review article. Over, the next few years, the excellent research achievements are expected to play an important role in this fi eld to accelerate the technological advancement.

SENSITIVITY OF DIFFERENT STAGES OF THREE PHASE SCANNING IN DETECTING VARIOUS BENIGN LESIONS OF BONE

( Shaukat Jahan,Aly Sahweil,Helena Kubasik,Hussein Abdel Dayem ) 대한핵의학회 1984 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.18 No.1

Revisiting Financial Inclusion and Income Inequality Nexus: Evidences from Selected Economies in Asia

Jamshed ALI,Muhammad Arshad KHAN,Misbah WADOOD,Usman Shaukat KHAN 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.12

This study aims to measure financial inclusion and examine its impact on income inequality in a panel of 18 Asian countries over the period 1997–2017. Two alternative approaches for developing financial inclusion index are used: one approach following the methodology of Sarma (2008), while the other is the Dynamic Factor Model (DFM)-based index. The impact of individual indicators and index of financial inclusion on inequality in income is analyzed. The Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) approach is used for empirical analysis. The results indicate that micro-level financial inclusion has a weak negative and statistically significant impact on income inequality. Macro-level index and all individual indicators of financial inclusion do not affect income inequality in the selected sample of economies. The income inequality issues have different natures and cannot be fixed by financial inclusion only. It needs holistic structural reforms to enable fair distribution of income and make an equitable financial system. Financial inclusion is a relatively less important intervention tool regarding fixing the issue of income inequality. This is one of the first studies that used the DFM method for financial inclusion indices construction.

Issues and Misconceptions of Financial Inclusion Indices: Evidences from Selected Asian Economies

Jamshed ALI,Muhammad Arshad KHAN,Usman Shaukat KHAN,Misbah WADOOD 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.12

This study aims to revisit the issues and misconceptions about financial inclusion (FI) indices. For indices construction, this study uses two approaches: one approach following the methodology of Sarma (2008) which is based on UNDP methodology, while the other is the Dynamic Factor Model (DFM)-based index of Stock and Watson (2002) and Rehman et al. (2021). The data of 18 economies of Asia from 1997 till 2017 is used for indices construction and analysis. The authors constructed macro and micro-level financial inclusion indices based on the different types of financial inclusion indicators. Second, the authors have critically evaluated two different approaches, and the results show that Sarma (2008)-based index show financial inclusion’s level, while DFM-based index reveal fluctuation in the current year’s financial inclusion level due to the prior variations. For measuring the level of financial inclusion, the Sarma (2008) index is effective, while for forecasting the level of financial inclusion, the DFM approach is more appropriate. Furthermore, the micro and macro aspects of financial inclusion should be reflected in separate indices for better understanding and in-depth insights.