Challenges of Effective Instruction to the Students with Intellectual Disabilities in Special Schools of Nepal

Sharan Hari Shrestha,한경근,Nam Raj Neupane 대구대학교 한국특수교육문제연구소 2020 특수교육저널 : 이론과 실천 Vol.21 No.2

[Purpose] The study is aimed to explore the existing challenges for instructing children with intellectual disability in Nepal. [Method] This is a qualitative research study followed by descriptive design. Study includes 5 special schools of Kathmandu Valley which were selected by purposive sampling method. Similarly, 15 respondent teachers out of which 5 head teachers and 10 teachers (2 teachers from each school) were selected by purposive sampling method. Data collected from classroom observations and interviews with teachers and head teachers were validated by getting reviewed with a special education expert. [Results] Study showed that improving curriculum to make it need-based, recruiting qualified teachers, strengthening home-school collaboration, preparing an actual IEP, and developing positive thinking in parents are the challenges. Furthermore, enhancing support services, strengthening school management, and making school system disability-friendly are also the challenges associated with effective instruction to the students. [Conclusion] There are a number of challenges which can be overcome by the joint effort from the strong tie among government’s desire, strength of the schools, and qualified teachers.

The Ways Forward for Improving Services to Educating Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) in Nepal

Sharan Hari Shrestha,정대영,Dhruba Prasad Niure,하창완 한국정서행동장애학회 2019 정서ㆍ행동장애연구 Vol.35 No.3

The study aimed to explore the appropriate and relevant ways forward for improving services to educate children with ASD in the context of Nepal. This qualitative research was guided by interpretive research paradigm and hermeneutic phenomenology research design. In-depth interview was conducted with five parents, five teachers and three experts from Kathmandu Valley by using convenience sampling method. As a result of the study, some important and fruitful suggestions have been given by participants were conducting public awareness campaigns, providing early assessment and intervention service, establishment of diagnostic center, development of ASD schools and resource centers, development of curriculum and IEP, production of skilled manpower, expanding investment in the sector of ASD, and utilization of specific teaching strategies. The findings of this study, being a new concept and subject in the field of ASD in the context of Nepal, will be a mile stone for educating children with Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Left Atrial Appendages Occlusion: Current Status and Prospective

Sharan Prakash Sharma,Dhanunjaya Lakkireddy 대한심장학회 2018 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.48 No.8

Stroke continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. Oral anticoagulation (OAC) provides protection against stroke and peripheral embolization in AF but significant proportion of patients could not be started on anticoagulation because of bleeding complications. Left atrial appendage harbors clot in about 90% of nonvalvular AF. The advent of left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) techniques has provided these patients with alternative to OAC for stroke prophylaxis. Multiple LAAO devices are currently available with Watchman and Amulet being the most commonly used in clinical practice. Randomized studies are available for Watchman device only. Data on Amplatzer Cardiac Plug, Amulet and Lariat devices are limited by the paucity of randomized data. Long-term data on different LAAO techniques are showing promising results. Device related thrombosis continues to be a serious complication associated with LAAO. Future studies should look into comparative effectiveness between different LAAO techniques, optimal patient selection, risk of complications, and anticoagulant treatment after LAAO. This article aims to provide current available evidence on efficacy and safety of different LAAO devices and future prospective.

성인학습이론의 과거와 미래

Sharan Merriam 한국성인교육학회 2001 Andragogy Today : International Journal of Adult & Vol.4 No.1

본 연구는 전통적인 성인학습이론 뿐만 아니라 새롭게 대두된 성인학습이론이 전체적인 성인학습구조에 어떻게 기여하고 있는지를 평가하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 본 연구의 초반부에는 성인학습이론의 전통적 개념이라 할 수 있는 안드라고지(Andragogy)와 자기주도학습(Self-directed learning), 인식전환학습(Transformational learning)의 발달을 소개하고, 후반부에는 새롭게 도입된 신체적 학습(Somatic knowing), 실천공동체(Communities of practice), 그리고 영성학습(Spiritual learning)에 관해 논의하였다. Something Old 안드라고지(Andragogy)는 성인학습자가 첫째로, 자기주도적이고, 둘째로, 학습의 자원이 되는 경험을 소유하고 있으며, 셋째로, 변화하는 사회적 역할과 밀접하게 관련된 학습욕구를 지니고 있고, 넷째로, 주제중심이기보다는 문제중심적이며, 마지막으로, 내적 보상에 의해 동기화된다는 다섯 가지 기본가정을 전제로 한다. 1990년대의 안드라고지 논쟁은 과학적 학문으로서의 성인교육과 관련된 여러 문제들을 탐구하는데 유용함과 동시에 실천을 향한 안내자로서의 허약함을 보여주었다. 안드라고지는 실천에로의 안내자로서 가장 큰 영향력을 가지고 있으며, 앞으로도 성인교육학자들이 성인교육의 세계를 음미하는데 유용하게 활용될 것이다. 자기주도학습(Self-directed learning)은 개인의 성장을 목표로 한다. SDL의 초기모형은 필요진단, 자원과 도구확인, 결과평가의 직선적인 흐름을 보여준다. 그러나 1980년대 후반부터 1990년대에는 학습자와 학습환경 사이의 상호성을 강조하는 보다 덜 직선적인 모형이 개발되었다. 자기주도학습자의 사전준비도(readiness)와 성격측정은 여러 연구에서 사용되었으며, 학습자의 자발성 (autonomy)과 자기주도간의 관계도 주목을 끌었다. 최근 SDL의 연구동향은 공공정책에서의 역할, 권력과 통제문제와의 관련성, 환경적 요소들과의 상관관계 등에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 인식전환학습(Transformational learning)은 학습의 인지적 과정에 관한 것이 다. 어떻게 인간이 삶에서 의미를 창출하고, 창출된 의미를 통해 인지구조가 변화하는지에 대한 의문이 인식전환학습의 출발점이다. 인식전환학습은 성인학습을 단순한 지식의 추가로 파악하기보다는 기존지식을 이용한 새로운 경험과 의미의 도출과정으로 파악한다. 이러한 인식전환학습은 개인의 사상이나

The Development of the Discipline of Adult Education in the United States

Sharan B,Merriam 한국성인교육학회 1999 Andragogy Today : International Journal of Adult & Vol.2 No.3

A study of wind effect on damping and frequency of a long span cable-stayed bridge from rational function approximation of self-excited forces

Shambhu Sharan Mishra,Krishen Kumar,Prem Krishna 한국풍공학회 2007 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.10 No.3

This paper presents an aeroelastic analysis procedure to highlight the influence of wind velocity on the structural damping and frequency of a long span cable-stayed bridge. Frequency dependent self-excited forces in terms of flutter derivatives are expressed as continuous functions using rational function approximation technique. The aeroelastically modified structural equation of motion is expressed in terms of frequency independent modal state-space parameters. The modal logarithmic dampings and frequencies corresponding to a particular wind speed are then determined from the eigen solution of the state matrix.

Identification of 18 flutter derivatives by covariance driven stochastic subspace method

Shambhu Sharan Mishra,Krishen Kumar,Prem Krishna 한국풍공학회 2006 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.9 No.2

The Development of the Discipline of Adult Education in the United States

Merriam, Sharan B. 한국성인교육학회 1999 Andragogy Today : International Journal of Adult & Vol.2 No.3

Enhancement of Chlorella vulgaris cell density: Shake flask and bench-top photobioreactor studies to identify and control limiting factors

Ambarish Sharan Vidyarthi,Yuvraj,Jeeoot Singh 한국화학공학회 2016 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.33 No.8

Low cell density is a major bottleneck in any microalgal bioprocess that prevents the large scale exploitation of this potential bioresource from commercialization of commodities like biofuels. Control of factors limiting growth is the key to enhancing cell density. Factors limiting photoautotrophic growth of C. vulgaris were identified and controlled to a possible extent. Limiting CO2-transfer rate, light attenuation, scarcity of nutrients, and high pH compounded to retard growth gradually in the basal medium. Analysis of the maximum feasible CO2 mass-transfer rate and CO2 fixation rates enabled the assessment of CO2-limited growth without on-line estimation of dissolved CO2. Growth (1.4×108 cells mL−1, 12.6 g dry wt L−1) was extensively enhanced when limiting factors were staved in a customized 250mL stirred-tank photobioreactor. Scaling the culture 8 times with constant kLa (volumetric mass-transfer coefficient) and Rei (impeller Reynolds number) resulted in reduction of biomass titer by 80% because of light attenuation.

Musculoskeletal Disorders of the Upper Extremities Due to Extensive Usage of Hand Held Devices

Deepak Sharan,Mathankumar Mohandoss,Rameshkumar Ranganathan,Jeena Jose 대한직업환경의학회 2014 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.26 No.-

Objective: The use of hand held devices (HHD) such as mobile phones, game controls, tablets, portable media players and personal digital assistants have increased dramatically in past decade. While sending a text message or using the controls of the HHD the users need to use their thumb and other palm muscles extensively. The objective of this study was to describe the risk factors and clinical features of the musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) arising due to usage of hand held devices and to evaluate the effectiveness of a sequenced rehabilitation protocol. Methods: A retrospective report analysis of 70 subjects, who were diagnosed to have a MSD affecting the upper extremities, was conducted. Medical charts from a tertiary level rehabilitation centre from 2005?2013 were analysed. All the subjects reported pain in their upper extremities following extensive usage of HHD and were examined and diagnosed to have a MSD by an orthopaedic and rehabilitation physician. After the assessment and diagnosis, all the patients underwent rehabilitation using a sequenced protocol. Results: All the subjects reported pain in the thumb and forearm with associated burning, numbness and tingling around the thenar aspect of the hand, and stiffness of wrist and hand. 43 subjects had symptoms on the right side; 9 on left and 18 had bilateral symptoms. Correlation was found between hand dominance and MSD. 33 subjects complained of onset of symptoms following extensive text messaging. All the subjects were diagnosed to have tendinosis of Extensor Pollicis Longus and Myofascial Pain Syndrome affecting the 1st interossei, thenar group of muscles and Extensor Digitorum Communis. 23 of the subjects were senior executives, among these 7 were CEO’s of major multinational companies in India. All the subjects recovered completely following the rehabilitation. Conclusions: The study concluded that mobile phones and gadgets that promoted the predominant usage of thumb or only one finger while texting or using the controls were associated with a higher prevalence of MSDs. Treatment using a sequenced rehabilitation protocol was found to be effective.