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황승기,윤상국,김동혁,이승갑 韓國海洋大學校 附設 海洋科學技術硏究所 2001 硏究論文集 Vol.10 No.2
An experimental study is carried out to investigate the cahracteristics of heat transfer of outside helical tubes. The main heat exchanger consists of twelve curved columns with each 300mm diameter and the total length of 1.2m copper tube having an outer diameter of 19.05mm with 1.5mm thickness. Water flows down the outside of helical tube, where flow patterns are the vertical film falling flow, immerged flow, and mixed-flow which is the combination of film falling flow and immerged flow. Refrigerant 11 flows the inside of the tub countercurrently. The experimental range of inside flow rate is 1.7∼3.2ℓ/min. The results are presented as Nusselt number with corresponding Reynolds number for variety of outside and inside flow rates. The heat transfer rates of the mixed flow are 8 to 56% higher than those of film falling flow or immerged flow only. Interpretation of the results is given on the basis of physical reasoning and the correlation equations.
유병국,윤임중,이승한 가톨릭대학산업의학센타 산업의학연구소 1979 韓國의 産業醫學 Vol.18 No.1
For the purpose of obtaining reference materials which may be applied to diagnosis of lead poisoning and absorption by D-penicillamine chelation technique, 4-hour fractionated urinary lead excretion was determined under various dosage schedule on 90 lead workers who were either heavily exposed to or intoxicated with lead. The observation groups consisted of nine groups of ten persons and each group was administered 200㎎, 300㎎ or 400㎎ of oral D-penicillamine, either once daily, twice daily at 12-hour intervals or thrice daily at 6-hour intervals. The resulls were as follows: 1. 24-hour urinary lead excretion increased by 2.3 to 6.0 times after daily oral D-penicillamine of 200∼1,200㎎ as compared with initial excretion. 2. 4-hour fractionated urinary lead excretion reached plateau usually within 0-4 hours after each dose of D-penicillamine, though frequently plateau was observed in 4-8 hour period with single doses of D-PCA. 3. 4-hour fractionated urinary lead excretion showed close association showed close association with initial lead excretion only when three doses of 400㎎ D-penicillamine were administered at 6-hour intervals. No association was noted with initial blood lead, urinary coproporphyrin or δ-amino-levulinic acid levels. 4. Determination of lead in third period 4-hour fractionated urine after 2 doses of 400㎎ D-penicillamine given at 6-hour intervals seems most helpful for diagnosis of lead poisoning and absorption.
Storage Management Method for Hybrid Storage System to Reduce Extent Fragmentation
In-Soo Bae,Yun-Su Lee,Seung-Kook Cheong,Yunsik Kwak,Seokil Song 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Control and Automation Vol.7 No.11
A hybrid storage system consists of a small and fast solid state drive (SSD) and one or more slow and large hard disk drives (HDD). The purpose of a hybrid storage sys-tem is to exploit the IO performance of SSDs to enhance the overall IO performance with comparatively low cost. In a hybrid storage system, since the size of a SSD is small, the storage utilization for the SSD is very important to guarantee the performance of a hybrid storage system. Some existing hybrid storages use extents to manage a large storage efficiently. However, they cause an extent fragmentation problem. The extent fragmentation reduces the SSD utilization and the overall performance of a hybrid storage system. In this paper, to solve the problem we propose a new mapping method that uses different size of IO unit for SSD and HDDs. Also, we perform simulations to show that our proposed method guarantees better SSD utilization than existing methods.
Yun, Seung Pil,Yoon, Yeo Min,Lee, Jun Hee,Kook, Minjee,Han, Yong-Seok,Jung, Seo Kyung,Lee, Sang Hun MDPI 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.19 No.2
<P>Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could be a promising solution in the treatment of various diseases including chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by ischemia in the area of application limits the integration and survival of MSCs in patients. In our study, we generated ER stress-induced conditions in MSCs using <I>P</I>-cresol. As <I>P</I>-cresol is a toxic compound accumulated in the body of CKD patients and induces apoptosis and inflammation through reactive oxygen species (ROS), we observed ER stress-induced MSC apoptosis activated by oxidative stress, which in turn resulted from ROS generation. To overcome stress-induced apoptosis, we investigated the protective effects of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), a bile acid, on ER stress in MSCs. In ER stress, TUDCA treatment of MSCs reduced ER stress-associated protein activation, including GRP78, PERK, eIF2α, ATF4, IRE1α, and CHOP. Next, to explore the protective mechanism adopted by TUDCA, TUDCA-mediated cellular prion protein (PrP<SUP>C</SUP>) activation was assessed. We confirmed that PrP<SUP>C</SUP> expression significantly increased ROS, which was eliminated by superoxide dismutase and catalase in MSCs. These findings suggest that TUDCA protects from inflammation and apoptosis in ER stress via PrP<SUP>C</SUP> expression. Our study demonstrates that TUDCA protects MSCs against inflammation and apoptosis in ER stress by PrP<SUP>C</SUP> expression in response to <I>P</I>-cresol exposure.</P>
Mandibular Clinical Arch Forms in Koreans with Normal Occlusions
Yun, Young-Kuk,Kook, Yoon-Ah,Kim, Seung-Hoon,Mo, Sung-Seo,Cha, Kyung-Suk,Kim, Jong-Ghee,Tae, Ki-Chul 대한치과교정학회 2004 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.34 No.6
본 연구의 목적은 한국인 정상교합자에서 하악치열궁의 형태적 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 한국인 102명의 정상교합자를 대상으로 하악 모형의 교합면을 복사한 후 13개의 접촉점중에서 가장 협측으로 위치한 부분을 digitize하였고 각 치아의 브라켓위치에 해당하는 점을 하악치아의 두께에 의거하여 4개의 선계측과 2개의 비율을 측정하였다. 치열궁의 형태를 square, ovoid, tapered from으로 분류하여 그 빈도를 남녀성별에 따라 비교한 결과 특이한 차이점을 보이지 않았으나 대구치간 폭경에서는 남녀성별의 차이를 보였다. 정상교합자에서 치열궁 형태분포는 ovoid, square, tapered순 이었고 tapered arch from은 10%미만이었다. 치열궁 형태의 빈도분포에 있어서 남녀간의 차이는 없었다. The purpose of this study was to clarify morphologic characteristics between mandibular clinical arch forms in Koreans with normal occlusions. The study included data from 102 Koreans. The most facial portion of 13 proximal contact areas was digitized from photocopied images of the mandibular dental arches. Clinical bracket points were calculated for each tooth based on mandibular tooth thickness data. Four linear and two proportional measurements were taken. The dental arches were classified into ovoid, square and tapered forms. The frequency distributions of the three mandibular arch form classifications were determined and compared between male and female subjects. No significant differences in arch form size were found between the sexes. However, there were a few differences in molar width. It was useful to classify mandibular clinical arch forms present in normal occlusion samples into ovoid, square and tapered categories. The frequency of the ovoid form was the highest, and that of the square form was the second highest. The tapered arch form was found in less than 10 percent of subjects. No significant differences in their frequency distributions and dimensions were shown between males and females.