New Breast Measurement Technique and Bra Sizing System Based on 3D Body Scan Data

Seolyoung Oh,Jongsuk Chun 대한인간공학회 2014 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.33 No.4

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a method for measuring breast size from three-dimensional (3D) body scan image data. Background: Previous bra studies established reference points by directly contacting the subject"s naked skin to determine the boundary of the breast. But some subjects were uncomfortable with these types of measurements. This study examined noncontact methods of extracting breast reference points from 3D body scan data that were collected while subjects were wearing standardized soft bras. Method: 3D body scan data of 32 Korean women were analyzed. The subjects were selected from the Size Korea 2010 study. The breast landmarks were identified by graphic analyses of slicing contour lines on 3D body scan data. Results: Three methods determining bra cup size were compared. The M1 and M2 methods determined cup size by calculating the difference between bust girth and under-bust girth. The M3 method determined bra cup size by measuring breast arc length. Conclusion: The researchers proposed an anthropometric bra cup sizing system with the breast arc length (M3 method). It was measured from the geometrically defined landmarks on the 3D body scan slicing contour lines. The new bra cup size was highly correlated with breast depth. Application: The noncontact measuring method used in this study can be applied to the ergonomic studies measuring sensitive body parts.

자율주행기반 교통운영관리를 위한 ADA 개념 정립 및 적용 기법 개발

이설영(LEE, Seolyoung),오민수(OH, Minsoo),오철(OH, Cheol),정은비(JEONG, Eunbi) 대한교통학회 2018 대한교통학회지 Vol.- No.-

자율주행자동차는 속도제어를 통해 교통류의 용량을 증대시키고, 위험 상황 발생 시 차량을 제어함으로써 인적요인으로 인한 사고를 감소시키는 첨단기술로 대두되고 있다. 그러나 자율차와 비자율차가 혼재되어 있는 상황에서 개별자율차의 주행행태가 인근 비자율차에 영향을 미쳐 교통류의 성능이 저하될 것이라는 기존 연구결과들이 꾸준히 발표되고 있다. 이러한 연구 결과는 자율주행환경에서 도로교통시스템의 운영효율성과 안전성을 증대시키기 위한 교통운영관리의 필요성을 나타내며, 본 연구에서는 자율주행기반의 교통운영 관리를 위한 새로운 개념을 제안하고 이를 통한 교통운영관리 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 개별자율차의 주행특성을 반영한 자율주행강도라는 새로운 개념을 정의하였으며, 시뮬레이션 분석을 통해 자율주행강도에 따른 교통류의 변화와 적정 자율주행강도를 도출하는 방법론을 제시하였다. 분석 시나리오 설정 시 자율주행강도, 서비스수준, 시스템보급률, 사고유무를 고려하였으며, 운영효율성과 안전성 평가를 위해 주행속도와 상충건수를 평가지표로 활용하였다. 분석결과 시나리오 구성요소와 자율주행강도간의 관계를 파악하였으며, 운영효율성과 안전성 지표간의 패턴을 분석하였다. 통행자유도가 낮은 경우, 자율차의 주행 적극성이 높아질수록 안전성이 저하되는 것으로 나타났으며 소극적인 자율주행강도가 적정함을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 자율주행강도는 자율주행시대의 새로운 교통운영관리 기법 및 전략 수립의 기반이 되어 보다 안전하고 효율적인 자율주행환경 구현에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. Emerging automated driving environments will lead to a mixed traffic flow depending on the interaction between automated vehicles (AVs) and manually driven vehicles (MVs) because the market penetration rate (MPR) of AVs will gradually increase over time. Understanding the characteristics of mixed traffic conditions, and developing a method to control both AV and MV maneuverings smoothly is a backbone of the traffic management in the era of automated driving. To facilitate smooth vehicle interactions, the maneuvering of AVs should be properly determined by various traffic and road conditions, which motivates this study. This study investigated whether the aggressiveness of AV maneuvering, defined as automated driving aggressiveness (ADA), affect the performance of mixed traffic flow. VISSIM microscopic simulation experiments were conducted to derive proper ADAs for satisfying both the traffic safety and the operational efficiency. Traffic conflict rates and average travel speeds were used as indicators for the performance of safety and operations. While conducting simulations, level of service(LOS) and market penetration rate(MPR) of AVs were also taken into considerations. Results implies that an effective guideline to manage the ADA under various traffic and road conditions needs to be developed from the perspective of traffic operations to optimize traffic performances.

Exploring lane change safety issues for manually driven vehicles in vehicle platooning environments

Lee, Seolyoung,Oh, Cheol,Hong, Sungmin Institution of Electrical Engineers 2018 IET intelligent transport systems Vol.12 No.9

Is vehicle automation enough to prevent crashes? Role of traffic operations in automated driving environments for traffic safety

Jeong, Eunbi,Oh, Cheol,Lee, Seolyoung Elsevier 2017 ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION Vol.104 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Automated driving systems (ADSs) are expected to prevent traffic accidents caused by driver carelessness on freeways. There is no doubt regarding this safety benefit if all vehicles in the transportation system were equipped with ADSs; however, it is implausible to expect that ADSs will reach 100% market penetration rate (MPR) in the near future. Therefore, the following question arises: ‘Can ADSs, which consider only situations in the vicinity of an equipped vehicle, really contribute to a significant reduction in traffic accidents?’ To address this issue, the interactions between equipped and unequipped vehicles must be investigated, which is the purpose of this study. This study evaluated traffic safety at different MPRs based on a proposed index to represent the overall rear-end crash risk of the traffic stream. Two approaches were evaluated for adjusting longitudinal vehicle maneuvers: vehicle safety-based maneuvering (VSM), which considers the crash risk of an equipped vehicle and its neighboring vehicles, and traffic safety-based maneuvering (TSM), which considers the overall crash risk in the traffic stream. TSM assumes that traffic operational agencies are able to monitor all the vehicles and to intervene in vehicle maneuvering. An optimization process, which attempts to obtain vehicle maneuvering control parameters to minimize the overall crash risk, is integrated into the proposed evaluation framework. The main purpose of employing the optimization process for vehicle maneuvering in this study is to identify opportunities to improve traffic safety through effective traffic management rather than developing a vehicle control algorithm that can be implemented in practice. The microscopic traffic simulator VISSIM was used to simulate the freeway traffic stream and to conduct systematic evaluations based on the proposed methodology. Both TSM and VSM achieved significant reductions in the potential for rear-end crashes. However, TSM obtained much greater reductions when the MPR was greater than 50%. This study should inspire transportation researchers and engineers to develop effective traffic operations strategies for automated driving environments.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A simulation evaluation framework to identify optimal vehicle control parameters to enhance traffic safety was proposed. </LI> <LI> An external application program interfacewas used to implement a genetic algorithm (GA) based optimization in VISSIM simulations. </LI> <LI> Results imply that the traffic operation strategiesare important for traffic safety in automated driving environment. </LI> </UL> </P>

Assessing the impact of traffic crashes on near freeway air quality

Joo, Shinhye,Oh, Cheol,Lee, Seolyoung,Lee, Gunwoo Pergamon 2017 Transportation Research Part D. Transport & Enviro Vol.57 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>As interest grows in eco-friendly green transportation systems, transportation management agencies have focused on effectively mitigating vehicle emissions. Extensive research has been conducted to enhance the performance of transportation systems in terms of environmental compatibility. A novel feature of this study includes considering crash occurrences when analyzing near-freeway air quality. This study quantifies the impact of traffic crashes on vehicle emissions and the associated near-freeway air quality. Both crash data and vehicle detection systems (VDS) data, which were obtained in 2012 from a Korean freeway located in a densely populated urban area, were used to determine the impact of traffic crashes on near-freeway air quality. MOVES and CALPUFF were adopted to estimate freeway emissions and air dispersion for crash-involved and crash-free traffic conditions. The contributing factors that affect the severity of emission dispersion were identified by regression analyses. Results show a community near freeways within a 1-km radius of crash locations was affected by traffic-related air pollution exposure. The regression analyses also showed crash characteristics, and weather characteristics affect traffic-related air pollution exposure areas. Finally, this study proposed traffic-related public health strategies to mitigate air pollutants generated from crash occurrences on freeways.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The impact of traffic crashes were quantified in terms of near-freeway air quality. </LI> <LI> Areas within 1km radius of the crash location were affected by vehicle emissions. </LI> <LI> The result will be useful for deriving various transportation policies to mitigate air pollution. </LI> </UL> </P>

Bra Cup Sizes Using 3D Body Scan Manual Measurements

Jongsuk Chun,Seolyoung Oh 대한인간공학회 2011 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.10

Objective: This study aims to examine the brassiere cup sizing system using direct measurements of 3D body scan data. Background: Breast shape has complex curving surface so that the methods of breast size measurement have many measurement error and consumers have problems for finding proper bra size. But 3D body scanner supplies the new ideal data for women's breast circumference measurement. This study developed 3D manual measurement method. Method: 32 women's 3D body scan data were selected in Size Korea. 3D scan data were measured in three methods. (1)2D direct measurement. (2)3D automatic measurement. (3)3D manual measurement. 3D body scan data sliced in horizontal lines were measured by AutoCAD program. Results: The t-test results of chest girth, bust girth and bra cup size showed significant difference between 2D direct measurements and 3D automatic measurements. Bra cup sizes by 3D automatic measurements were larger than 2D direct measurements, whereupon some subjects were classified as wrong bra sizes. Conclusion: The method using slice line along body surface (A line) was more useful to determine bra cup sizes than the method using simplified surface line (B line). Application: The 3D manual method can be used for measuring bra cup size.

고속도로 유입연결로 구간 화물차 군집운영전략 수립 방안 연구

이설영(LEE, Seolyoung),오철(OH, Cheol) 대한교통학회 2018 대한교통학회지 Vol.- No.-

차량의 자율주행기술과 차량간 무선통신을 통한 정보공유 군집주행 서비스가 실현되고 있다. 군집주행이란 여러대의 차량이 최소한의 안전거리만 유지한 채 일정한 간격을 두고 주행하는 기술이다. 이러한 군집주행은 도로의 용량을 증대시키고, 안전성을 향상시키며, 연료소비를 줄일 수 있는 잠재력을 가지고 있어 교통류 운영효율성, 안전성, 환경성 문제를 해결할 수 대안으로 주목받고 있다. 그러나 군집주행차량과 주변의 일반차량간의 적절한 상호작용이 가능할 때 교통류의 성능은 최적화 될 수 있다. 특히 교통운영 관리자는 화물차가 군집주행을 할 경우 유입연결로에서 비자율차가 안전하게 진입할 수 있도록 군집간간격과 군집크기와 같은 군집주행 파라미터를 조정하여 안전성과 운영효율성을 극대화시킬 수 있어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 고속도로 유입연결로 구간에서 교통류 퍼포먼스를 극대화 시킬 수 있는 화물차 군집 운영전략을 수립할 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다. 운영효율성을 평가하기 위한 지표는 주행속도로 설정하였으며, 안전성 평가를 위해서 비자율차의 차량추종 관계 대비 상충상황에 노출되는 빈도를 나타내는 비자율차 상충률의 개념을 정의하여 적용하였다. 또한 분석결과를 이용하여 최적 군집운영 조건을 판단하는 방법론을 제시하였으며, 군집간간격이 50m이고 군집크기가 6대인 운영시나리오가 최적의 성능을 유도할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 운영전략 수립 방안에 따라 운영효율성과 안전성을 고려한 교통상황별 적정 군집주행 파라미터를 도출할 수 있으며, 이는 군집운영 전략을 지원할 수 있는 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. Vehicle platooning through wireless communication and automated driving technology has become realized. Platooning is a technique in which several vehicles travel at regular intervals while maintaining a minimum safety distance. Truck platooning is of keen interest because it contributes to preventing truck crashes and reducing vehicle emissions, in addition to the increase in truck flow capacity. However, it should be noted that interactions between vehicle platoons and adjacent manually-driven vehicles (MV) significantly give an impact on the performance of traffic flow. In particular, when vehicles entering from on-ramp attempt to merge into the mainstream of freeway, proper interactions by adjusting platoon size and inter-platoon spacing are required to maximize traffic performance. This study developed a methodology for establishing operational strategies for truck platoonings on freeway on-ramp areas. Average speed and conflict rate were used as measure of effectiveness (MOE) to evaluate operational efficiency and safety. Microscopic traffic simulation experiments using VISSIM were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of various platooning scenarios. A decision making process for selecting better platoon operations to satisfy operations and safety requirements was proposed. It was revealed that a platoon operating scenario with 50m inter-platoon spacing and the platoon consisting of 6 vehicles outperformed other scenarios. The proposed methodology would effectively support the realization of novel traffic management concepts in the era of automated driving environments.

Longitudinal changes of vaginal microbiome during pregnancy and puerperium

( Soo Jung Kim ),( Seolyoung Hong ),( Hae Ni Lee ),( Kwan Young Oh ),( Kyung A Lee ),( Mi Hye Park ) 대한산부인과학회 2023 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.109 No.-

고속도로 유입연결로 구간 화물차 군집운영전략 수립 방안 연구

이설영,오철,LEE, Seolyoung,OH, Cheol 대한교통학회 2018 대한교통학회지 Vol.36 No.2

차량의 자율주행기술과 차량간 무선통신을 통한 정보공유 군집주행 서비스가 실현되고 있다. 군집주행이란 여러대의 차량이 최소한의 안전거리만 유지한 채 일정한 간격을 두고 주행하는 기술이다. 이러한 군집주행은 도로의 용량을 증대시키고, 안전성을 향상시키며, 연료소비를 줄일 수 있는 잠재력을 가지고 있어 교통류 운영효율성, 안전성, 환경성 문제를 해결할 수 대안으로 주목받고 있다. 그러나 군집주행차량과 주변의 일반차량간의 적절한 상호작용이 가능할 때 교통류의 성능은 최적화 될 수 있다. 특히 교통운영 관리자는 화물차가 군집주행을 할 경우 유입연결로에서 비자율차가 안전하게 진입할 수 있도록 군집간간격과 군집크기와 같은 군집주행 파라미터를 조정하여 안전성과 운영효율성을 극대화시킬 수 있어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 고속도로 유입연결로 구간에서 교통류 퍼포먼스를 극대화 시킬 수 있는 화물차 군집 운영전략을 수립할 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다. 운영효율성을 평가하기 위한 지표는 주행속도로 설정하였으며, 안전성 평가를 위해서 비자율차의 차량추종 관계 대비 상충상황에 노출되는 빈도를 나타내는 비자율차 상충률의 개념을 정의하여 적용하였다. 또한 분석결과를 이용하여 최적 군집운영 조건을 판단하는 방법론을 제시하였으며, 군집간간격이 50m이고 군집크기가 6대인 운영시나리오가 최적의 성능을 유도할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 운영전략 수립 방안에 따라 운영효율성과 안전성을 고려한 교통상황별 적정 군집주행 파라미터를 도출할 수 있으며, 이는 군집운영 전략을 지원할 수 있는 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. Vehicle platooning through wireless communication and automated driving technology has become realized. Platooning is a technique in which several vehicles travel at regular intervals while maintaining a minimum safety distance. Truck platooning is of keen interest because it contributes to preventing truck crashes and reducing vehicle emissions, in addition to the increase in truck flow capacity. However, it should be noted that interactions between vehicle platoons and adjacent manually-driven vehicles (MV) significantly give an impact on the performance of traffic flow. In particular, when vehicles entering from on-ramp attempt to merge into the mainstream of freeway, proper interactions by adjusting platoon size and inter-platoon spacing are required to maximize traffic performance. This study developed a methodology for establishing operational strategies for truck platoonings on freeway on-ramp areas. Average speed and conflict rate were used as measure of effectiveness (MOE) to evaluate operational efficiency and safety. Microscopic traffic simulation experiments using VISSIM were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of various platooning scenarios. A decision making process for selecting better platoon operations to satisfy operations and safety requirements was proposed. It was revealed that a platoon operating scenario with 50m inter-platoon spacing and the platoon consisting of 6 vehicles outperformed other scenarios. The proposed methodology would effectively support the realization of novel traffic management concepts in the era of automated driving environments.

교차로 차량 주행안전성 예측 기반 위험상황 검지 기술 개발

조영(JO, Young),이설영(LEE, Seolyoung),오철(OH, Cheol),서원호(SUH, Wonho),김형수(KIM, Hyoungsoo) 대한교통학회 2022 대한교통학회지 Vol.40 No.2

개별차량의 주행안전성 예측을 통해 위험상황을 검지하는 것은 능동적이고 효과적인 교통사고 예방을 위한 선제적 교통안전 분석의 중요 기술 중 하나이다. 본 연구의 목적은 차량 주행궤적자료를 이용하여 차량 간 상호작용 예측기반의 위험상황 검지 알고리즘을 개발하는 것이다. 차량 간 상호작용은 Long-Short Term Memory(LSTM) 기반위치 예측 모델 개발을 통해 위험상황을 정량화함으로써 평가되었다. 차량 위치 예측의 경우 time scale parameter와 LSTM 하이퍼파라미터를 연계하여 위치 예측 정확도가 우수한 최적화된 모델을 구축하였다. 예측된 위치 정보는 차량 간 상호작용 분석을 통한 사고개연성을 추정할 수 있는 High-risk Event Indicator(HEI)를 산출하는데 적용되어 위험상황 검지에 활용되었다. 제안된 알고리즘은 도심부 교차로에서 수집된 영상검지 기반의 차량 주행궤적자료를 이용하여 적용성을 평가하였다. 차량 위치 예측 결과, rolling horizon이 5초이고 prediction horizon이 1초인 경우에 대해 최적화된 LSTM 모델의 Mean Absolute Percentage Error(MAPE)는 x축 위치 1.10%, y축 위치 3.74%로 도출되었다. 예측된 위치에서 위험상황 검지 정확도를 도출하기 위한 성능척도로 correct detection rate(CDR)를 정의하였다. 분석 결과, CDR은 HEI 임계값 1.5-3초를 기준으로 94% 이상으로 산출되었다. 차량 간 상호작용 예측을 통한 위험상황 검지 기술은 자율주행차량이 교차로를 안전하게 통과하기 위한 I2V 무선통신 기반의 선제적 교통안전 정보로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. An important technology for proactive traffic safety analytics, which is a backbone of preventing traffic crashes, is to identify hazardous situations based on vehicle interactions prediction. The purpose of this study is to develop a high-risk event detection algorithm by analyzing predicted vehicle interactions using trajectory data. Vehicle interactions were evaluated in terms of quantifying crash risks by the proposed long-short term memory based vehicle position prediction model. The vehicle position prediction model is optimized for a parameter set with superior accuracy by combining the time scale parameters and the prediction model hyper-parameters. A high-risk event indicator (HEI) was then derived based on an analysis of vehicle interactions using predicted position data. The applicability of the proposed algorithm was evaluated based on trajectory data obtained from vehicle image tracking technology at an urban intersection. The prediction model developed in this study was able to predict the x-axis and y-axis vehicle positions after 1 seconds with mean absolute percentage errors of approximately 1% and 3%, respectively. In addition, the correct detection rate (CDR) was defined as a performance measure to derive the accuracy of high-risk events using the proposed HEI. Performance evaluations of the proposed algorithm show promising results for actual implementation in practice, where a CDR of up to 94% can be achieved. The infrastructure-based detection of high-risk events by predicting vehicle interactions would be useful in supporting autonomous vehicles crossing intersections safely via I2V wireless communication.