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시석훈,김충호 경성대학교 공학기술연구소 2000 공학기술연구지 Vol.7 No.-
In modelling seismic isolation systems, the flexibility of the bearing must be modelled correctly so that the period shift is reflected in the results and the model must reflect the reduction in response caused by the hysteretic damping. In the study, the lead rubber bearing(LRB) were each modelled as cantilever beam element at the bearing locations and reduction in response caused by the hysteretic damping was involved by composite spectrum modified the caltrans ARS spectrum curve. The comparison between the LEADeR program and the MIDAS results demonstrates that the values obtained from the modeling are sufficiently accurate to access the benefits of the seismic isolation scheme.
돼지의 離乳後 形質에 미치는 品種性 및 環境要因의 效果
鄭興又,朴英一,徐康錫 서울대학교농과대학농업개발연구소 1989 서울대농학연구지 Vol.14 No.1
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of breed, sex, year of birth, month of birth, litter size and parity of sow on certain postweaning traits in swine. The data for this study were obtained from 5,386 heads of Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire boars and gilts tested at a swine breeding farm in Icheon, Kyunggi-Do from August, 1982 to August, 1987. The results obtained in this study are as follow: 1. The least-squares overall means of the traits studied were 0.777±0.002㎏ for average daily gain, 158.7±0.28 days for age at 90㎏, 1.833±0.008㎝ for backfat thickness, 112.2±0.13㎝ for body length and 63.7±0.05㎝ for wither's height, respectively. 2. Among the three breeds compared, the Duroc had the highest average daily gain and reached 90㎏ at an earliest age. The Landrace had the thinnest backfat and longest body length. In wither's height the Duroc was the highest. 3. Males had higher average daily gain, reached 90㎏ at an earlier, age, had thinner backfat, longer body length and higher wither's height than females. 4. Year of birth and month of birth had significant effects on all of the postweaning traits studied. The pigs born in June, July and August had comparatively higher average daily gain and earlier age at 90㎏ than those born in other months. The pigs born in October had the thinnest backfat. 5. the effect of litter size was significant for age at 90㎏ and backfat thickness, but was not significant for average daily gain, body length and wither's hight. The pigs in litter sizes of 5 to 7 reached 90㎏ at an earliest age, and those in litter size of 12 or more reached 90㎏ at a latest age. Backfat was thinnest in the litter size of 4 or less and was thickest in the litter size of 12 or more. 6. The pigs in 2nd 3rd parities had the highest average daily gain and reached 90㎏ at an earliest age, and those in 5th parity was the most inferior in the two traits. Backfat was thinnest in the 1st parity and was thickest in the 5th parity.
How Should We Assign Large Infiltrative Hepatocellular Carcinomas for Staging?
( Chung Gyo Seo ),( Sun Young Yim ),( Yoo Jin Lee ),( Tae Hyung Kim ),( Na Yeon Han ),( Yeon Seok Seo ),( Hyung Joon Yim ),( Ji Hoon Kim ),( Young Dong Yu ),( Dong Sik Kim ),( Soon Ho Um ) 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1
Aims: Infiltrative gross morphology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is known to be associated with poor prognosis. To date, there has been no study that fully addressed the potential role of tumor morphology in staging HCC, although it requires further clarification. Therefore, we analyzed the prognostic impact of the infiltrative type HCC by evaluating patients who underwent liver resection for HCC, and attempted to clarify how to assign this HCC subtype in the current staging systems to increase their discriminatory ability. Methods: A total of 774 HCC patients who underwent curative liver resection were retrospectively reviewed and the prognostic significance of infiltrative type HCC was assessed using the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging systems. The infiltrative type HCC is defined as a mass with foci varying in size which fuse to form a larger foci without a distinct margin or a mass with a permeative appearance which blends into the background of the cirrhotic liver with an indistinct margin. The cumulative incidence of OS was determined according to the AJCC T-stage and BCLC staging system and the impact of the infiltrative type HCC on each staging system was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier plots (log-rank test), censoring the patients who were lost to follow-up. The Akaike information criterion (AIC) and concordance index (c-index) were calculated to compare the prognostic powers of each staging systems. Results: Seventy-four patients (9.6%) had infiltrative HCCs with a higher proportion of multifocal tumors, larger tumors, vessel invasion, increased tumor marker levels, and advanced T-stages than those with nodular HCC (all, P<0.01). Infiltrative morphology was independently associated with lower overall survival (OS), but its impact was significant when the tumor size was ≥4cm (P<0.001). Under current AJCC and BCLC staging criteria, these large infiltrative HCCs were associated with significantly worse OS in early AJCC T-stages (T1b/T2, P<0.001) and BCLC stage A/B (P=0.01) but not in advanced AJCC (T3/T4) and BCLC C (Fig 1 & 2). The reassignment of this subtype to T3 and T4 increased the discriminatory ability of AJCC T-staging with lower AIC values (3086.9 and 3084 vs. 3103.6) and higher c-index (0.69 and 0.69 vs. 0.67), respectively (both, P<0.05) (Table 1). For BCLC staging sequential reassignment of large infiltrative HCC from BCLC A to BCLC B and from BCLC B to BCLC C also improved the prognostic performance. Conclusions: Large infiltrative type HCC should be assigned to the advanced stages beyond T1 or T2 of the AJCC staging or beyond BCLC stage A or B. We recommend assuming the large unifocal infiltrative type HCCs on surgical specimen as tumors with multiple foci and reassign them from AJCC-T1 and T2 to AJCC-T3, or assuming all large infiltrative HCCs staged AJCC-T1 to T3 as those with macrovascular invasion and reassigning them to AJCC-T4. Second, for BCLC staging, we recommend any large unifocal-looking infiltrative type HCCs staged BCLC-A on imaging studies to be reassigned to BCLC-B while definitely multifocal HCCs initially staged BCLC-B to BCLC-C. This enable finer stratification of HCC patients and provide more accurate prognostic competence.
Predictors of HCC Recurrence beyond MILAN Criteria after Primary Liver Resection
( Chung Gyo Seo ),( Yoo Ra Lee ),( Han Ah Lee ),( Sun Young Yim ),( Tae Hyung Kim ),( Hyung Joon Yim ),( Ji Hoon Kim ),( Yeon Seok Seo ),( Soon Ho Um ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1
Aims: There is a controversy whether to undergo liver resection or transplantation at early stage HCC. Thus, we aimed to find factors that reliably predict HCC recurrence beyond MILAN criteria which could help prioritizing transplantation as initial therapy. Methods: This is a retrospective study including patients who were diagnosed with HCC within MILAN criteria and had liver resection as initial treatment from year 2002 to 2016. In total, 152 patients were enrolled for analysis. The primary endpoint of this study is to find factors that enable prediction of HCC recurrence beyond MILAN criteria at the time of first recurrence. Secondary endpoints were factors associated with recurrence and recurrence free survival. Cox regression model was employed to select factors associated with recurrence. Results: Out of 152 patients, 56 patients developed HCC recurrence. Out of 56 patients 12 patients (21.5%) showed HCC recurrence beyond MILAN criteria at the initial time of recurrence. Time to recur was significantly shorter in patients out of MILAN criteria compared to those recur within MILAN (14±10 vs 28±23 months, P=0.005). HCC recurrence was independently associated with increased baseline tumor size, ALT levels (>35 IU/L) and degree of AFP decrease after resection (all, P<0.05). Factors associated with HCC recurrence beyond MILAN criteria were greater tumor number, higher child pugh score, and increased baseline serum ALT levels (all, P<0.05). Lastly, independent factors associated with recurrence free survival rate were recurrence beyond MILAN criteria, remote recurrence from resection site and degree of AFP decrease (all, P<0.05). Conclusions: HCC recurrence pattern (within versus beyond MILAN) has significant impact in the recurrence free survival even when patients are cured at early stage. Therefore, to prolong survival, prediction of patients who would lead to HCC recurrence beyond MILAN criteria is important and early liver transplantation could be an alternative treatment in this group.
Study on the Characteristics of the Ion Exchange of Zeolite 4A in a Molten LiCl System
Seo, Chung Seok,Park, Byung Heung,Park, Sung Bin,Jung, Ki-Jung,Park, Seong Won,Kim, Sung Hyun The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan 2006 Journal of chemical engineering of Japan Vol.39 No.1
<P>An advanced spent fuel management process using a molten LiCl salt for the purpose of reducing spent oxide fuel to a metallic form generates a waste salt containing alkali, alkaline-earth, and some rare-earth fission products. A periodic removal of the high heat-generating Cs and Sr should be accomplished to reuse the salt since a recycling of the LiCl waste salt to a process stream is required to decrease the total amount of waste to be disposed of. In this study, zeolite 4A was proven to have desirable properties for the removal of the Cs and Sr elements from an LiCl molten salt phase, and the ion-exchange characteristics of zeolite in the molten salt were investigated. The adsorption of the Cs and Sr elements in an LiCl molten salt reaches nearly a constant value after 2–4 h of contact with the zeolite. The salt-occluded zeolite was produced in an LiCl molten salt, and then its ionexchange and salt occlusion properties were studied experimentally. The result indicates that zeolite 4A occluded between 10 and 11.5 salt molecules, and the salt-occluded zeolite was found to be a very effective molecular sieve for sorbing the Cs and Sr in the LiCl waste salt.</P>
Seo, Chung-Seok,Jeong, Sang Mun,Park, Sung-Bin,Jung, Jin-Young,Park, Seong-Won,Kim, Sung Hyun The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan 2006 Journal of chemical engineering of Japan Vol.39 No.1
<P>The electrochemical reduction of Ta<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> in an LiCl–Li<SUB>2</SUB>O molten salt system has been studied in an electrolytic cell with an integrated cathode assembly at 650°C. The integrated cathode assembly consists of an electric conductor, Ta<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> and a porous magnesia membrane. The metallic tantalum is prepared successfully by the mechanism of an electrode reaction followed by a chemical reaction in the range of voltage between –2.47 V and –3.46 V. The chemical and physical properties of the metallic tantalum are influenced by the applied current related to the reaction rate. The XRD analysis indicates that the tantalum samples prepared at the applied current above 1.0 A have both of bcc and tetragonal structures. The particle size of those samples is similar to that of the fresh Ta<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB>.</P>