Effects of Selected Environmental Conditions on Biomass and Geosmin Production by Streptomyces halstedii

Schrader, Kevin K.,Blevins, Willard T. The Microbiological Society of Korea 1999 The journal of microbiology Vol.37 No.3

The effects of bicarbonate concentration, atmospheric carbon dioxide level, and reduced atmospheric oxygen on biomass and geosmin production and geosmin/biomass (G/B) values for Streptomyces halstedii, a producer of the off-flavor compound geosmin, were determined. In addition, a study was performed to determined possible synergistic relationships between a cyanobacterium, Oscillatoria tenuis UTEX #1566, and S. halstedii in the enhancement of actinomycete growth and/or geosmin production. These studies took into consideration those conditions that can occur during cyanobacterial bloom die-offs. Increasing bicarbonate concentration caused slight decreases in geosmin production and G/B for S. halstedii. Increasing atmospheric oxygen promoted geosmin production and G/B while lower oxygen levels resulted in a decrease in geosmin production and G/B by S. halstedii. Biomass production by S. halstedii was adversely affected by reduced oxygen levels while changes in bicarbonate concentration and atmospheric carbon dioxdie levels had little effect on biomass production. Sonicated cells of O. tenuis UTEX #1566 promoted biomass production by S. halstedii, and O. tenuis culture (cells and extracellular metabolites) and culture supernatnat (extracellular metabolites) each promoted geosmin and G/B yields for S. halstedii. In certain aquatic systems, environmental conditions resulting from cyanobacterial blooms and subsequent bloom die-offs could favor actinomycete growth and off-flavor compound by certain actinomycetes.

[原文] Crossing Borders, Drawing Boundaries

Stephanie Schrader 한국미술연구소 2013 美術史論壇 Vol.- No.37

Estimating Precipitation and Actual Evaporation from Precision Lysimeter Measurements

Frederik Schrader,Wolfgang Durner,Johann Fank,Thomas Putz,Ute Wollschlager 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Heat and Light-Induced Apple Skin Disorders

Larry E. Schrader,Jianshe Sun,Jianguang Zhang,David A. Felicetti,Jun Tian 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

국경을 넘어, 새로운 경계를 그리며

스테파니 슈레이더(Stephanie Schrader),제시박(옮김) 한국미술연구소 2013 美術史論壇 Vol.- No.37

Peter Paul Rubens’s depiction of a man wearing Korean costume of around 1617 figurel, in the collection of the J. Paul Getty Museum, has captured viewers" attention for centuries. This large drawing was copied in Rubens’s studio during his own life time and circulated as a reproductive print in the eighteenth century. Despite its renown, there has been no consensus as to why the drawing was made or whom it may depict-and, in particular, whether he was Korean. This article examines past interpretations of the Getty’s Man in Korean Costume, including the identifications of the figure as a Siamese ambassador, a Korean Jesuit, and former Korean slaves who traveled to Italy or the Netherlands. Exploring the missionary and mercantile contests in which Europeans had contact with Koreans in the early modern period, this essay offers a new explanation of how Rubens came to draw the attire of an Asian kingdom little-known to him. As there is no documentation of a Korean living in Antwerp, the city where Rubens lived and worked, the tantalizing possibility of the artist gaining knowledge of Korean costume would have likely come in the form of material goods-exotic imports brought back from Korea via China. A nuanced interpretation of drawings and paintings Rubens made for the Jesuits around 1617-1618 demonstrates how the Man in Korean Costume relates to the Jesuits’ appropriation of exotic costume to glorify their missionary work in China and Goa and assert their victory over “idolaters.” Seen in these contexts, Rubens’s compelling portrayal of Korean costume is neither a document of a historical event nor a portrait of clothing worn by a specific sitter. Drawing in a virtuosic manner, Rubens portrayed a figure in Korean costume the way his seventeenth-century European audience most likely would have imagined him-as alluringly exotic and foreign, a wonder to behold but defying categorization.

Rates of cavity filling by liquids

Seo, Dongjin,Schrader, Alex M.,Chen, Szu-Ying,Kaufman, Yair,Cristiani, Thomas R.,Page, Steven H.,Koenig, Peter H.,Gizaw, Yonas,Lee, Dong Woog,Israelachvili, Jacob N. National Academy of Sciences 2018 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.115 No.32

<P>Understanding the fundamental wetting behavior of liquids on surfaces with pores or cavities provides insights into the wetting phenomena associated with rough or patterned surfaces, such as skin and fabrics, as well as the development of everyday products such as ointments and paints, and industrial applications such as enhanced oil recovery and pitting during chemical mechanical polishing. We have studied, both experimentally and theoretically, the dynamics of the transitions from the unfilled/partially filled (Cassie-Baxter) wetting state to the fully filled (Wenzel) wetting state on intrinsically hydrophilic surfaces (intrinsic water contact angle <90 degrees, where the Wenzel state is always the thermodynamically favorable state, while a temporary metastable Cassie-Baxter state can also exist) to determine the variables that control the rates of such transitions. We prepared silicon wafers with cylindrical cavities of different geometries and immersed them in bulk water. With bright-field and confocal fluorescence microscopy, we observed the details of, and the rates associated with, water penetration into the cavities from the bulk. We find that unconnected, reentrant cavities (i.e., cavities that open up below the surface) have the slowest cavity-filling rates, while connected or non-reentrant cavities undergo very rapid transitions. Using these unconnected, reentrant cavities, we identified the variables that affect cavity-filling rates: (i) the intrinsic contact angle, (ii) the concentration of dissolved air in the bulk water phase (i.e., aeration), (iii) the liquid volatility that determines the rate of capillary condensation inside the cavities, and (iv) the presence of surfactants.</P>

Harnessing Secondary Coordination Sphere Interactions That Enable the Selective Amidation of Benzylic C-H Bonds

Jung, Hoimin,Schrader, Malte,Kim, Dongwook,Baik, Mu-Hyun,Park, Yoonsu,Chang, Sukbok American Chemical Society 2019 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.141 No.38

<P>Engineering site-selectivity is highly desirable especially in C-H functionalization reactions. We report a new catalyst platform that is highly selective for the amidation of benzylic C-H bonds controlled by π-π interactions in the secondary coordination sphere. Mechanistic understanding of the previously developed iridium catalysts that showed poor regioselectivity gave rise to the recognition that the π-cloud of an aromatic fragment on the substrate can act as a formal directing group through an attractive noncovalent interaction with the bidentate ligand of the catalyst. On the basis of this mechanism-driven strategy, we developed a cationic (η<SUP>5</SUP>-C<SUB>5</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>)Ru(II) catalyst with a neutral polypyridyl ligand to obtain record-setting benzylic selectivity in an intramolecular C-H lactamization in the presence of tertiary C-H bonds at the same distance. Experimental and computational techniques were integrated to identify the origin of this unprecedented benzylic selectivity, and robust linear free energy relationship between solvent polarity index and the measured site-selectivity was found to clearly corroborate that the solvophobic effect drives the selectivity. Generality of the reaction scope and applicability toward versatile γ-lactam synthesis were demonstrated.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Postharvest Factors Affecting Appearance On ‘Fuji’ Stain

Gordon S. Brown,Lawrence Schrader 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

Causes of ‘Fuji’ Flecking, a Skin Disorder

Jianshe Sun,Larry E. Schrader,Jun Tian,Jeong-Hak Seo 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

Oral Green Tea Catechins Transiently Lower Plasma Glucose Concentrations in Female db/db Mice

Silvia Wein,Eva Schrader,Gerald Rimbach,Siegfried Wolffram 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Journal of medicinal food Vol.16 No.4

Polyphenols, including green tea catechins, are secondary plant compounds often discussed in the context of health-promoting potential. Evidence for such effects is mainly derived from epidemiological and cell culture studies. The aim of the present study was to investigate antidiabetic, antiadipogenic, and anti-inflammatory effects at nonpharmacological doses in an obese diabetic mouse model that exerts early relevant clinical signs of non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Female db/db mice received a flavonoid-poor diet either without additive, with rosiglitazone (RSG, 0.02 g/kg diet), or with green tea extract (low-dose green tea extract [LGTE] and high-dose green tea extract [HGTE], 0.1 and 1 g/kg diet). Food and water were freely available. The body weight was monitored weekly. Blood was sampled (12-h fasted) from the tail vein on day 28 and analyzed for glucose, cholesterol, triacylglycerol, nonesterified fatty acids, insulin, adiponectin, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1). Blood glucose was also analyzed on day 14. Furthermore, sICAM-1 release was investigated in tumor necrosis factor alpha-stimulated EAhy926 cells. After 14 days, fasting glycemia was improved by RSG or HGTE supplementation compared to controls. However, at the end of the study (day 28), only RSG exhibited glucose-lowering effects and induced plasma adiponectin concentrations, paralleled by higher body weight gain and reduced periuterine fat pads compared to controls. However, only GTE treatment reduced sICAM-1 release in vitro and in vivo. Nonpharmacological HGTE supplementation in db/db mice caused (1) no adiponectin-inducing or antiadipogenic effects, (2) reduced sICAM-1 release, thereby potentially exerting anti-inflammatory effects in the progressive diabetic state, and (3) a transient improvement in glycemia