Mechanisms of Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis and Prevention: The Brain, Neural Pathology, N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptors, Tau Protein and Other Risk Factors

Sayad Kocahan,Zumrut Doğan 대한정신약물학회 2017 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.15 No.1

The characteristic features of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are the appearance of extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the intracellular environment, neuronal death and the loss of synapses, all of which contribute to cognitive decline in a progressive manner. A number of hypotheses have been advanced to explain AD. Abnormal tau phosphorylation may contribute to the formation of abnormal neurofibrillary structures. Many different structures are susceptible to AD, including the reticular formation, the nuclei in the brain stem (e.g., raphe nucleus), thalamus, hypothalamus, locus ceruleus, amygdala, substantia nigra, striatum, and claustrum. Excitotoxicity results from continuous, low-level activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Premature synaptotoxicity, changes in neurotransmitter expression, neurophils loss, accumulation of amyloid β-protein deposits (amyloid/senile plaques), and neuronal loss and brain atrophy are all associated with stages of AD progression. Several recent studies have examined the relationship between Aβ and NMDA receptors. Aβ-induced spine loss is associated with a decrease in glutamate receptors and is dependent upon the calcium-dependent phosphatase calcineurin, which has also been linked to long-term depression.

From dentistry students’ points of view: do anatomy classes we took actually boost our learning during clinic?

Marjan Ghorbani Anarkooli,Sara Sayad Fathi,Hassan Moladoust,Ebrahim Zaeimi,Mohammad Hadi Bahadori,Ebrahim Nasiri 대한해부학회 2018 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.51 No.3

The aim of medical education is to teach the essence of practical skills alongside with the theoretical knowledge. Teaching anatomy, as the center of medical education, should be leading to use this knowledge as a skill during clinical period. According to the rising numbers of dentistry faculties’ experiences, inappropriate education results in misguidance during clinic. Thus, this study was conducted to find about the pre-clinical and clinical dentistry students’ points of view on the helpfulness of anatomy classes in achieving clinical goals. Present descriptive cross-sectional study evaluated Guilan University of Medical Sciences’ pre-clinical and clinical dentistry students’ opinions on the effectiveness of anatomy classes during their clinical period in 2017. The sampling method used here was census via questionnaire and scoring was according to Likert scaling system. Analyses showed that anatomy of the nervous system was the most assistive course, which helped dentistry students during their clinical period (P<0.001). The least scored course was visceral organs and that means they did not use most of their learnings from classes with this topic (P<0.001). They also stated that other important factors such as using cadavers and moulages in practical sessions, teaching clinical skills theoretically before practical sessions and performing group activities are crucial for them to recall important details of the relevant courses during clinical period. Results of this study suggests that alongside with the various topics of anatomy courses, other factors like professors’ characteristics and their teaching methods are also of important factors helping the dentistry students throughout clinic.

Improvement in histology, enzymatic activity, and redox state of the liver following administration of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark oil in rats with established hepatotoxicity

Fatemeh Niknezhad,Sara Sayad-Fathi,Arezoo Karimzadeh,Marjan Ghorbani-Anarkooli,Fatemeh Yousefbeyk,Ebrahim Nasiri 대한해부학회 2019 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.52 No.3

Formaldehyde (FA) is an environmentally-available pollutant. Since the liver acts as a detoxifier in the human body, it is the first and most affected organ in individuals exposed to higher-than-normal amounts of FA. FA mainly alters oxidant/ antioxidant status and initiates oxidative stress, and by means, causes functional damage to the liver. Thus, it is important to identify natural bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties in order to be used as food additives. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) is a popular flavor and also a medicinal plant with a variety of beneficial effects. In the present original study, cinnamon essential oil (CEO) has been administrated at doses of 10, 20, and 100 mg/kg, orally, to hepatotoxicity rat models caused by FA (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). Liver enzymes and its histology were assessed and oxidative stress biomarkers in the liver tissue were also examined. CEO administration caused a significant increase in superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase and a prominent decrease in nitric oxide levels in the liver tissue. Also, in serum samples, CEO significantly reduced the elevated amounts of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. When assessed histologically, portal area and central vein fibrosis alongside with the hepatocytes’ hypereosinophilia and swelling, focal inflammation, and necrotic areas were found to be prominently decreased in the CEO group. In conclusion, our study suggested that the CEO may have the potential for being used against FA-induced hepatotoxicity.

Targeting of BUB1b Gene Expression in Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsies of Invasive Breast Cancer in Iranian Female Patients

Mansouri, Neda,Movafagh, Abolfazl,Sayad, Arezou,Pour, Atefeh Heidary,Taheri, Mohammad,Soleimani, Shahrzad,Mirzaei, Hamid Reza,Shargh, Shohreh Alizadeh,Azargashb, Eznollah,Bazmi, Haleh,Moradi, Hossein Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.no.sup3

Detection of micrometastasis in sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) is a very useful tool for appropriate assessment of the clinical stage of disease in breast cancer patients. Early identification of clinically relevant disease could lead to early treatment or staging approaches for breast cancer patient. Micrometastases in SLNs of women with invasive breast cancer are of great significance in this context. In this study we examined SLN biopsies considered to have small numbers of cancerous cells by real time RT-PCR. All of the samples underwent immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin for confirmation of the presence or absence of micrometastases. BUB1b expression assay of selected patients with and without metastasis showed overexpression in the former, but not in normal breast and lymph node tissue. Our results may be taken into account in the discussion about the merits of routine use of molecular assessment in pathogenetic studies of SLNs.

Optimization and Characterization of Prepared Nano-Disperse Dyes via a Sonication Process and Their Application in Textile Dyeing and Printing

N. S. Elshemy,H. S. EL-Sayad,A. A. Abd El-Rahman,H. M. Mashaly,S. H. Nassar 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.12

Disperse blue 3 and disperse orange 1 dyes were subjected to an innovative process to convert them to a nanoscalesize by sonication via an ultrasonic homogenizer. The obtained dyes were characterized by transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The sonicated dyes (SNDs) were used for dyeing and printing (flat screen and transfer printing techniques) ofpolyester (PET) and cotton fabrics and compared with a non-sonicated (NSND) dye. Variable studies including sonicated andnon-sonicated durations were used to optimize the sonication conditions. The effects of dye concentration, dyeingtemperature, dyeing time, and carrier concentration were studied in terms of dye uptake and shade in dyed and printedfabrics. Additionally, in the transfer printing technique, the proper transfer fixation times were evaluated. To determine thesignificance of this treatment, analysis of variance was implemented via a two-way ANOVA test. The dyed and printedsamples were evaluated for fastness properties.

Detection of Superior Markers for Polymerase Chain Reaction Diagnosis of Breast Cancer Micrometastasis in Sentinel Lymph Nodes

Shargh, Shohreh Alizadeh,Movafagh, Abolfazl,Zarghami, Nosratolah,Sayad, Arezou,Mansouri, Neda,Taheri, Mohammad,Pour, Atefeh Heidary,Iranpour, Mostafa,Ghaedi, Hamid,Montazeri, Vahid,Massoudi, Nilofar,H Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.no.sup3

Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer among women around the world, and mortality is primarily caused by micro-metastatic disease. The complex mechanisms of breast cancer invasion and metastasis are intrinsically related to the malignant cell type so that early detection of micro-metastases can help prolongation of survival for patient. The aim of the present research work was evaluation of the expression status of mammoglobin protein as a candidate molecular marker in the negative sentinel lymph node (SLN). Fifty tumor specimens, and 50 normal adjacent breast tissue samples from the same patients were selected on the basis of having more than 10% tumor content for RNA extraction from SLNs. Tumor samples and normal adjacent breast tissue were archived in the form of frozen fresh tissue in liquid nitrogen. Real-time PCR was performed on a Bioner life express gradient thermal cycler system. Mammoglobin gene overexpression in breast cancer metastasis was investigated. Single marker results were mammaglobin 66.7% and CK19 50.0%, with 58.3% for the two in combination. Due to improved outcome with at least 3 genes (83.3%), it seems, triple marker evaluation will be most likely useful for detecting micro-metastases instead of studying separate genes.

Classification of Induction Machine Faults using Time Frequency Representation and Particle Swarm Optimization

Medoued, A.,Lebaroud, A.,Laifa, A.,Sayad, D. The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2014 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.9 No.1

This paper presents a new method of classification of the induction machine faults using Time Frequency Representation, Particle Swarm Optimization and artificial neural network. The essence of the feature extraction is to project from faulty machine to a low size signal time-frequency representation (TFR), which is deliberately designed for maximizing the separability between classes, a distinct TFR is designed for each class. The feature vectors size is optimized using Particle Swarm Optimization method (PSO). The classifier is designed using an artificial neural network. This method allows an accurate classification independently of load level. The introduction of the PSO in the classification procedure has given good results using the reduced size of the feature vectors obtained by the optimization process. These results are validated on a 5.5-kW induction motor test bench.

Classification of Induction Machine Faults using Time Frequency Representation and Particle Swarm Optimization

A. Medoued,A. Lebaroud,A. Laifa,D. Sayad 대한전기학회 2014 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.9 No.1

This paper presents a new method of classification of the induction machine faults using Time Frequency Representation, Particle Swarm Optimization and artificial neural network. The essence of the feature extraction is to project from faulty machine to a low size signal time-frequency representation (TFR), which is deliberately designed for maximizing the separability between classes, a distinct TFR is designed for each class. The feature vectors size is optimized using Particle Swarm Optimization method (PSO). The classifier is designed using an artificial neural network. This method allows an accurate classification independently of load level. The introduction of the PSO in the classification procedure has given good results using the reduced size of the feature vectors obtained by the optimization process. These results are validated on a 5.5-kW induction motor test bench.

Ecofriendly Modification of Acrylic Fabrics for Enhanced Transfer Printability

Lamiaa K. El Gabry,Amira Adel Abou El-Kheir,Hanan S. El-Sayad,Madiha A. El-Kashouty 한국섬유공학회 2021 Fibers and polymers Vol.22 No.2

In this study, acrylic fabrics were given desirable properties, such as UV protection, moisture regain, sinkingperformance, lateral migration performance, hydrophilicity, and air permeability, by coating these fabrics with nanoclay,namely, nanobentonite, and its nanocomposites. The pretreated and untreated acrylic fabrics were modified with differentconcentrations of sodium polyacrylate/bentonite nanocomposites using the pad-dry-cure technique. The surfacemorphologies and elemental compositions of the treated and untreated fabrics were investigated using high-resolutionscanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), respectively. The particle size of the usednanobentonite was measured using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The physical properties of the treated anduntreated fabrics were measured and compared. Moreover, the performance of the treated and untreated fabrics insublimation transfer printing with C.I. Disperse Red 60 was investigated. The color fastness properties of the printed fabricsduring washing, perspiration, and rubbing were also evaluated. The results verified that treating acrylic fabrics withnanobentonite and its nanocomposites substantially improved the physical properties, transfer printability, and color fastnessproperties of the fabrics.